A few days ago, Chezhi. com obtained more information about BYD Qin L from relevant channels. The new car will officially meet with consumers at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, which opened on April 25. The starting price of the new car in the future may be more than 120,000 yuan.

In terms of appearance, Qin L adopts the design concept of "New Country Tide and Beauty Aesthetics", and the interior of the large grille on the front face is decorated with chrome-plated lattice, which looks very delicate. The headlights of the new car are sharp in shape, and the internal matrix light source layout further highlights the three-dimensional sense of the front face. The shape of the car side is simple and smooth, and the straight waistline of the car body and the chrome trim of the glass window frame bring a good sense of strength to the car side. In addition, the new car also adopts a slip-back design, and the overall visual effect is very young.

In terms of interior, it is still a familiar family style. There are almost no physical function keys in the center console area, and most of the functions are integrated in the central control screen. At the same time, it is equipped with a full LCD instrument and a floating central control screen, which is very good for the creation of a sense of science and technology.

In terms of power, according to the previous application information, Qin L will be equipped with a plug-in hybrid system consisting of a 1.5L engine and an electric motor. Among them, the maximum power of the engine is 74kW, and the maximum power of the motor is 120kW and 160kW according to the vehicle configuration. In terms of batteries, 15.874kWh and 10.08kWh batteries with different capacities are available for selection, and the corresponding pure electric cruising range is 90km and 60km respectively. For more information about new cars, car quality network

In the preferential promotion channel in Dongguan, car home, we are pleased to announce that Chery’s flagship SUV is being promoted! As a medium-sized SUV, Tiggo 8 has always been favored by consumers because of its excellent cost performance and spacious space. Now, consumers in Dongguan can enjoy a maximum discount of 20,000 in our preferential promotion! The minimum starting price is 89,900 yuan, which will make Tiggo 8 an excellent choice for you to buy a car. If you want to know more about the discount details of Tiggo 8, please click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form to get a higher discount!

Tiggo 8 is a medium-sized SUV with stylish and modern design. The front face adopts the Tiggo family design language, and the air intake grille is decorated with a large area of chrome, which looks very luxurious. The body lines are smooth, the overall style is tough, and the front of the car is full of power. Smooth lines are used on the side of the car body, which highlights the sense of movement and strength of the whole car. The tail design is simple and lively, and the popular through taillight design is adopted, which has high recognition at night. Generally speaking, the design of Tiggo 8 is excellent, with high visual impact, which leaves a deep impression on people.

Tiggo 8 is a medium-sized SUV with a body length, width and height of 4700*1860*1746mm, a wheelbase of 2710mm, a front track of 1582mm and a rear track of 1604mm respectively. The body lines are smooth, the side lines are simple and smooth, and the roof lines are tilted backwards, forming a perfect arc with the body, showing a sense of movement and strength. The front and rear tyre size are both 235/55 R18, and the rim design is fashionable, which complements the overall style of the car body. The overall shape is fashionable and elegant, and the details are exquisite. It is a very attractive model.

The interior style of Tiggo 8 is simple and generous, and the overall tone is mainly black, with silver decoration, creating a sense of luxury and technology. The steering wheel is made of leather material, which feels comfortable and the position can be manually adjusted up and down and back and forth, which is convenient for the driver to operate. The size of the central control screen is 10.25 inches, with clear display and simple operation. The front row has two USB/Type-C interfaces, and the rear row is equipped with a USB interface to meet the charging needs of passengers. The seat is made of imitation leather, and the front and rear seats, backrest and height can be adjusted. The front seats are also equipped with heating function, so that drivers and passengers can feel warm in cold weather. The backrest of the second row of seats can be adjusted, and the rear seats support proportional reclining, which increases the flexibility of the interior space.

The Tiggo 8 is powered by a 1.5T 156 horsepower L4 engine with a maximum power of 115kW and a maximum torque of 230N·m, and is equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission. The engine has excellent power performance and high efficiency and energy saving, which can provide excellent driving experience for drivers. At the same time, the configuration of the 6-speed manual gearbox also enables the driver to control the vehicle more accurately and get better driving pleasure.

In the evaluation of car home car owners, we can see that the Tiggo 8 has performed quite well in appearance, space, steering and high-speed stability. In addition, the owner also mentioned the high practicality and intelligence of the electronic parking brake. These advantages will undoubtedly make the Tiggo 8 a model that has attracted much attention. It is worth mentioning that the price/performance ratio of the Tiggo 8 in the same class is also very high. If you are looking for an SUV with stable performance, rich configuration and atmospheric appearance, then Tiggo 8 will be a good choice.

New energy vehicles are an industry that we have always attached great importance to and tracked. This report was written in November last year, and its judgments on the callback of manufacturers in the middle and lower reaches and the change of valuation logic in the automobile industry are still correct. I hope this research report can help you invest in 2022.

This article was first published on December 14, 2021, and some of its contents still have reference significance, so it is reissued.

Part I: Re-offer

(1) Overall trend: α and β Qi Fei, 2021 is a capital year for the automobile industry.

In the selection of observation objects, we combed the whole new energy industry chain from upstream, middle and downstream, and included it in the popular tracks such as hydrogen fuel cells for analysis.From the industrial chain division, we divide the new energy industrial chain into four parts: downstream, namely, new energy vehicles (EV, PHEV) and related charging equipment; Midstream, that is, power lithium-ion batteries and motors used in new energy electric vehicles; Upstream, that is, the anode material, cathode material, diaphragm and electrolyte that make up the power lithium battery. In addition, we have included the combing of two popular plates: hydrogen fuel cell and skateboard chassis.

In 2021, the performance of the main targets of the new energy automobile industry chain is eye-catching, and the market is riding in all sectors.Benefiting from the fact that the overall sales volume of the automobile market is still stable and the market share of new energy vehicles is eye-catching, it has driven the valuation and profits of the industrial chain of new energy vehicles to rise, pushing the market of the sector to rise all the way. From the market trend, during the year (from January 1, 2021 to December 1, 2021), the weighted average growth rate of the total market value of Shanghai and Shenzhen 300, Shenwan automobile sector and new energy automobile industry chain was -10.96%, 19.92% and 41.72% respectively; Horizontally, the increase of the industrial chain of new energy vehicles can rank third in the first-class classification of Shenwan, second only to electrical equipment (which is highly coincident with the industrial chain of new energy vehicles) and non-ferrous metals (driven by the commodity market during the year); The top five growth sectors were electrical equipment (50.1%), nonferrous metals (48.2%), new energy (41.72%), mining (31.3%) and public utilities (30.0%).

Some track investment opportunities have narrowed, and the share of "sub-leading" configuration has increased.The concentration of overall institutional positions in the new energy vehicle sector has increased, and the head target of subdivided tracks has been favored by institutions. However, from the wind direction, the main force of institutional allocation has shifted from the first leader to the "second leader", which shows to some extent that some track investment opportunities have narrowed. In terms of institutional positions (including legal person shares), compared with 2020Q3, 2021Q3 includes charging piles such as Wanma (+10.84%), Dangsheng Technology (+6.61%), Putailai (+15.84%), Tianci Materials (+19.75%) and Xinzhoubang (+8.41%).

(2) Profitability: The overall profitability has been restored, and the upstream profits have increased rapidly due to price factors.

After the epidemic, the overall profit of the industrial chain recovered well, GAGR the net profit of the sector reached 42.4% in two years.According to the pool data of the industrial chain standard of new energy vehicles, the overall net profit of new energy vehicles in Q3 will increase by 63.8% year-on-year in 2020 (the epidemic situation was low in cardinal utility last year), and the overall net profit of the sector will reach 42.4% in two years. The main targets are godsend materials (GAGR+315.4% in two years), Shanshan (GAGR+210.5% in two years), German Nano (GAGR+95.3% in two years), Xinzhoubang (GAGR+90.4% in two years), Rongbai Technology (GAGR+85.7% in two years) and Dangsheng Technology (GAGR+85.7% in two years)

The upstream plate benefited from the influence of downstream growth and superimposed price factors, and its profit increased rapidly.In terms of industrial chain links, the downstream (vehicle, charging pile), midstream (battery, motor) and upstream (electrode, diaphragm and electrolyte) have a year-on-year growth rate of 22.1%, 34.9% and 265.5%, respectively, corresponding to Q3, and the GAGR is 25.7%, 30.4% and 97.9% respectively, corresponding to two years.

(3) Valuation: The double logic main line confirms that the valuation of high-volume and high-tech companies has risen significantly.

The valuation of the new energy vehicle sector is still firm, the downstream vehicle valuation is rising, and the upstream lithium battery industry chain valuation is slightly digested.According to the Wind data, the rolling P/E ratio (integral method) of Shanghai-Shenzhen 300, Shenwan first-class automobile classification and self-built new energy industry chain during the year (January 1, 2021-December 1, 2021) increased or decreased by -21.27%, -0.59% and -0.82% respectively, corresponding to the PE(TTM) at the end of the year of 12 times and 12 times respectively. In terms of industrial chain, the rolling P/E ratios of downstream (only counting the whole vehicle), midstream (battery, motor) and upstream (anode and cathode, separator and electrolyte) during the corresponding year (January 1, 2021-December 1, 2021) are 18.72%, -16.65% and -26.01% respectively.

Confirmation of downstream vehicle valuation by dual logic mainline.First, the traditional "manufacturing" valuation logic of automobile enterprises has changed into "consumption" logic, and the valuation center has a positive correlation with automobile sales, and high market share brings high profit growth expectations; Second, the valuation of some new car upstarts and new car-making power companies presents "scientific and technological" logic, and auto companies with high technical barriers and good product experience can get higher valuations.

(1) Total amount: In the short term, the total amount of automobile consumption in China has peaked, and the industry is in an active destocking cycle.

China is the largest automobile consumer in the world, with sales of all kinds of automobiles exceeding 25 million.China has become the world’s largest automobile market for 12 consecutive years since its total automobile sales surpassed that of the United States in 2009. According to the statistics of the International Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), in 2020, under the epidemic situation, China’s automobile sales exceeded 25 million, ranking first in the world. In 2020, the top five automobile sales countries are: China (25.31 million vehicles), the United States (20.24 million vehicles), Japan (4.59 million vehicles), Germany (3.26 million vehicles) and India (2.93 million vehicles). The annual automobile sales of China has surpassed the sum of the second-ranked United States and the third-ranked Japan. At the same time of high volume, on the one hand, among the major automobile markets (China, the United States, Japan and Germany), only China and the United States are still expanding; on the other hand, according to the data of the International Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), since 2011, the sales of China, the United States, Japan and Germany have increased by 36.78%, 55.25%, 9.22% and -6.85% respectively. Especially after the outbreak, all major automobile markets were hit. In 2020, the annual sales of China, the United States, Japan and Germany will decrease by 1.9%, 18.5%, 11.5% and 18.6% respectively compared with the previous year. Due to the strong overall market resilience and good epidemic control, China’s automobile sales are less affected than other countries.

In the short and medium term, the sales volume of passenger cars will basically be capped in 2018; Car sales showed signs of marginal recovery during the year.According to the data of generalized passenger cars, the total sales volume of generalized passenger cars in 2018-2020 was 22.739 million, 21.015 million and 19.59 million. After the sales volume of passenger cars peaked in 2018, the market shrank obviously. Judging from the high-frequency data, the cumulative sales volume of generalized passenger cars from January to October in 2021 was 16.411 million, which exceeded the total sales volume in 2020 (15.16 million) after the outbreak of the epidemic, slightly lower than that in 2019 (16.877 million) before the epidemic, and automobile sales showed signs of marginal recovery.

According to the seasonal fluctuation, the sales volume of generalized passenger cars will reach more than 20 million in 2021.Under normal circumstances, the annual automobile sales fluctuate seasonally, and the sales volume in the first quarter to the fourth quarter is usually "high-low-low-high". During the autumn auto show in the third quarter, automobile sales began to increase in volume, and the impact of dealer sales at the end of the year superimposed consumers’ demand for car purchases for the New Year. The fourth quarter or the first quarter is usually a one-year sales peak. Due to the seasonal fluctuation of automobile sales in the whole year, we selected the three years before the outbreak as samples, and set January of each year as the benchmark to observe the three complete annual samples of January-December 2017, January-December 2018 and January-December 2019. According to the results, it can be seen that the sales volume of generalized passenger cars in each month of the year does have obvious periodic fluctuations compared with the multiple of January each year. We can get the seasonal factor of automobile consumption by averaging the three-year samples, and calculate the sales volume of passenger cars in November and December through the seasonal factor. According to estimates, the sales volume of generalized passenger cars in 2021 is expected to reach more than 20 million.

The passenger car market has entered an active destocking cycle.Compared with other consumer goods, cars have two obvious characteristics, so they have the conditions to produce inventory cycles. First, the automobile production process is characterized by "heavy industry". Automobile manufacturers have huge production lines, large capital investment and long cycle span of increasing or decreasing production capacity; Second, the sales model is relatively special. Most of China’s automobile sales adopt 4S mode, and the overall inventory of dealers and manufacturers is biased, so it takes a long time to increase or decrease the inventory. Under the action of these two characteristics, the gap between supply and demand in the automobile market will take a long time to repair, which will produce obvious fluctuations, thus leading to periodic changes in inventory. According to our division of automobile inventory cycle, China’s automobile industry has been in an active destocking cycle at the end of 2021 (that is, the total demand is reduced, and dealers and manufacturers take the initiative to clean up the backlog of inventory). With the confirmation of the bottom of demand, the automobile industry will reopen the new cycle of demand recovery, and the industry will experience a passive destocking cycle (the total demand is picking up, and the squeezed inventory is digested by the market), and the overall demand will pick up, or it will show a high degree of prosperity, which will benefit traditional automobile enterprises under the logic of "consumption".

The opportunity to start a new cycle is the recovery of automobile demand, but it takes time for the economy to warm up and wait for the arrival of a new boom cycle.The delay of epidemic situation, automobile consumption and chip shortage aggravated the fluctuation of inventory cycle. On the one hand, the demand for the epidemic backlog was basically released in the second half of 2020 and the beginning of 2021, so the car sales began to fall in the third quarter compared with the same period of last year. On the other hand, the shortage of chips leads to the shortage of inventory, which leads to the continuous low inventory. The sluggish domestic demand and the overlapping inventory cleaning have aggravated the fluctuation of the active destocking cycle, and the demand inventory has both declined, making it difficult for the new cycle to rise. It still takes time for sales to pick up now, and the new cycle must wait for the economy to take the lead in picking up. Under optimistic expectations, the bottom of demand may be confirmed in the fourth quarter of this year.

(2) New energy: From policy-driven to market-driven, the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in China is close to 20%.

The new energy vehicle market is basically mature, and gradually enters the policy exit period, and the industry officially turns from policy-driven to market-driven.Looking back on the development history of new energy vehicles in China, the gradual popularization of electric vehicles in China has gone through many different development periods. First, in the lead-in period, the new energy vehicle industry was launched by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2009, which released the "Demonstration and Application Project of 1000 Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles in Ten Cities", that is, the policy popularization of electric vehicles in the government (G) and large enterprises (B) was completed through financial subsidies, with the aim of making the operation scale of new energy vehicles in China account for 10% of the automobile market share by 2012. Second, in the growth period, that is, the subsidy-driven stage, through financial subsidies to individual users’ consumption terminals and a loose purchase restriction policy, new energy vehicles will be gradually popularized from B-end and G-end to individual users’ C-end. Third, the maturity period, that is, the development of the field after the subsidy retreats from policy-driven to market-driven. At the beginning of 2019, the four departments jointly issued the Notice on Further Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles, and the new energy subsidies retreated by 50%. "Cheating" no longer exists, and new energy automobile enterprises have undergone a major reshuffle. Fourth, the market-driven stage. Now, with the advent of the post-subsidy era, the new energy vehicle market has completed the passive cleaning after the subsidy decline, and has officially transitioned from subsidy-driven to market-driven. So far, it has developed into a strategic emerging industry with a large scale, a high degree of marketization and a relatively complete industrial chain development. In 2021, the total sales volume of new energy vehicles is expected to exceed 2.8 million, and the monthly penetration rate is close to 20%, which will also become the first year of policy support and market-driven differentiation.

Although the total automobile consumption is capped in the short term, the new energy vehicle market is hot, with the penetration rate of new energy vehicles approaching 20% in a single month and the annual sales volume expected to exceed 2.8 million.According to the data of China Automobile Association, the market penetration rate of new energy vehicles in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 (January-October) was 2.31%, 4.45%, 4.95%, 5.96% and 14.23% respectively. In August, September and October of 2021, the market penetration rate of new energy vehicles was 19.78%, 19.47% and 18.24% respectively, and the penetration rate of new energy vehicles in a single month approached 20%; According to the calculation, taking the data of 2019 before the epidemic as the seasonal fluctuation benchmark, we predict that the sales volume of new energy vehicles in 2021 is expected to exceed 2.8 million.

(3) Structure: the rise of independent brands will boost the high prosperity of the new energy vehicle market.

From the category of new energy vehicles, electric vehicles are still the absolute main force; The policy side of hydrogen energy vehicles began to exert its strength.From the perspective of technology path, according to the data of China Industrial Information Network, the current (2020) market share of various technology paths is pure electric (BEV) > common hybrid (HEV) > plug-in hybrid (PHEV) > > fuel cell; Among them, the annual sales of ordinary hybrid, plug-in hybrid, electric and fuel cell powered passenger cars in 2020 are 244,261, 245,157, 955,541 and 0 respectively, with corresponding market shares of 1.23%, 1.23%, 4.81% and 0.00% respectively, and electric vehicles are still the absolute main force. Due to the high use cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, insufficient popularity of hydrogen refueling stations, insufficient strength of self-owned brand hydrogen vehicles and other factors, the sales volume of hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars has been almost zero since 2015, and the market of hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars has not been officially launched so far. However, according to the "Technology Roadmap for Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles", it is estimated that by 2035, the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will reach about 1 million, and commercial vehicles will take the lead in realizing hydrogen power transformation. According to the data of China Automobile Industry Association, the actual number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China from 2015 to 2020 is 0, 10, 639, 1911, 3438, 6175 and 7352 respectively. If the number of fuel cell vehicles reaches 1 million in 2035, the GAGR of hydrogen energy vehicles will reach 38.8% from 2020 to 2035.

Entry-level and mid-range new energy vehicles dominate the market.From the market share of new energy vehicles at all levels, the order is A (compact car) > B (medium car) > A00 (mini car) > A0 (small car) > C (medium and large car). From the trend point of view, in the past two years, A00 (mini-car) and B (medium-sized car) have grown rapidly, which is contrary to the "two poles" situation of high-end and low-end car sales of fuel vehicles. The polarization of market demand for fuel vehicles mainly comes from the fact that the upgrading of automobile consumption in first-and second-tier cities drives the sales of high-end cars and luxury brands to rise, and the popularity of automobile consumption in rural areas drives the market share of low-end and functional passenger cars to soar. The consumers of new energy vehicles are mostly concentrated in the first-and second-tier cities where the charging infrastructure is relatively complete and there are restrictions on the purchase of fuel vehicles. Therefore, the functional demand when buying a car has become the main consideration, which has driven the sales of A00 low-cost new energy vehicles to rise; At the same time, because the leading models of major manufacturers in the market are concentrated in A-class (compact car) and B-class (medium car), the high-end market of electric vehicles has not been favored and recognized by high-end consumers on a large scale, and mid-range cars dominate the market.

With the strong rise of independent brands, the competition among waist manufacturers tends to be fierce.In terms of car companies, the top five car companies in terms of sales of new energy vehicles (including BEV and PHEV) from January to October in 2021 are BYD (410,801 vehicles), Tesla (349,397 vehicles), SAIC-GM-Wuling (341,757 vehicles), SAIC-GM-Wuling (133,911 vehicles) and Great Wall Motor (977 vehicles). From the perspective of market concentration, from January to October in 2019, 2020 and 2021, the automobile sales CR5 of new energy automobile enterprises were 59.5%, 49.1% and 56.6%, respectively, showing a downward trend, and the competition among waist manufacturers became fierce.

The second part: carding

(1) Complete vehicle: High-quality vehicles are concentrated on the stage, which will boost the sales of new energy vehicles at the micro level.

Tesla’s status remains the same, and BYD’s performance is eye-catching, and both of them occupy the main market share.According to the data of the Federation, the top five sales of pure electric vehicles (BEV) from January to October 2021 were Wuling Hongguang MINI EV(325166 vehicles), Tesla Model 3(216583 vehicles), Tesla Model Y(132814 vehicles) and BYD Han EV(66867 vehicles). The top five sales of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) are BYD Qin PLUS DM(78316 vehicles), BYD Song DM(49291 vehicles), BYD Tang DM(31439 vehicles), BYD Han DM(24256 vehicles) and MG eHS(20344 vehicles).

2021 is the year of new energy automobile products, with low total price and high performance products frequently.The appearance of high-quality vehicles explains the phenomenon of high permeability of new energy vehicles in 2021 from the micro level. In 2021, Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, Tesla Model 3, BYD Qin PLUS BEV and other market-leading products have a longer cruising range, higher configuration and more cost-effective performance at a relatively low price from the perspective of calibrated cruising range.

The profitability of major manufacturers has been repaired well, and the growth rate of GAGR has turned positive in two years.Take BYD (the main products are Han EV and Qin PLUS BEV) and Great Wall Motor (the main products are Euler Good Cat), the Q1-3 performance of BYD in 2019 -2021 is 1.895 billion yuan (GAGR-26.0% in two years), 4.902 billion yuan (GAGR51.1% in two years) and 3.297 billion yuan respectively. Great Wall Motor’s performance was 2.951 billion yuan (GAGR1.0% in two years), 2.587 billion yuan (GAGR-19.2% in two years) and 4.945 billion yuan (GAGR29.4% in two years) respectively. The new energy vehicle market turned to demand-driven, and benefited from the rebound in consumer demand for passenger cars in the post-epidemic period. The net profit of the two major domestic manufacturers turned positive in two years, excluding the low base and high reading effect of the epidemic. The expected growth rate also led to a significant increase in the valuation of related OEMs, achieving a double increase in valuation performance.

(2) Charging pile: The "new infrastructure" boosts the penetration rate of superimposed new energy vehicles, and the track growth is confirmed.

"New Infrastructure" empowers the charging pile track and confirms long-term growth.In recent years, relevant ministries and commissions have continuously paid attention to strengthening the charging infrastructure of new energy vehicles, that is, the construction of charging piles. In 2020, the central government also included it in the hypothetical planning of "new infrastructure" (5G base station construction, UHV, high-speed rail and urban rail transit, artificial intelligence, big data center, industrial Internet, and charging piles for new energy vehicles). With the blessing of the new infrastructure policy, the charging pile market has increased sharply. As a supporting facility for the promotion of new energy vehicles, the charging pile market is expected to usher in a golden period of development.

The private pile mode led by car enterprises and the power station mode led by operators run together, and the market share of private piles is dominant.From the industrial chain, the upstream, middle and downstream links of the charging pile industrial chain and their corresponding modes are as follows: upstream-charging equipment and module suppliers such as Teruide, Guodian Nanrui and Xuji Electric; Midstream-charging station operators such as TELD (Teruide subsidiary), State Grid, Star Charging, etc. purchase charging equipment from upstream manufacturers and charge charging fees for downstream new energy vehicles; Downstream-major new energy vehicle companies, car users can charge from the operators of midstream charging stations, and car companies can also provide charging equipment to car users by purchasing charging equipment from upstream equipment suppliers. From the specific business model, the business model involving charging piles can be divided into two categories. One is the operator-led model, such as State Grid and TEL, which provide charging services to car users by purchasing charging equipment to earn fees; The second is the leading mode of car companies. For example, Tesla and Weilai provide charging pile setting services to car buyers. This mode does not directly generate income for car companies, but can help car companies complete ecological chain integration and improve overall service quality and user experience.

The total construction of charging piles in China is highly correlated with the maintenance of new energy vehicles, and there has been a trend of heavy volume.In terms of total scale, the total construction of domestic charging piles has exceeded 2.5 million units. According to the statistics of China Charging Alliance, the total construction of charging piles in China in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 (October) was 204,000, 446,000, 777,000, 1.223 million, 1.672 million and 2.253 million respectively. From the structural point of view, the share of private charging piles has increased significantly. Charging piles can be divided into public charging piles (charging piles set up and operated by charging station operators, shopping malls, office buildings and other entities) and private charging piles (charging piles set up by electric vehicle companies or car owners themselves in personal parking spaces for car owners’ use only). According to the data of the charging alliance, the share of private charging piles (the number of private charging piles/the total number of public and private charging piles) increased from 33.0% in 2016 to 61.1% in 2020, and the share of private charging piles increased significantly. Judging from the specific market structure, taking public charging piles as an example, the top three charging station operators are Star Charging (238,597 units), Special Calls (232,121 units) and State Grid (196,484 units), with obvious head effect.

Based on the "pile-vehicle" ratio, it is conservatively estimated that the charging pile market will have more than five times the space in the next five years.In 2015, the "Guidelines for the Development of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (2015-2020)" issued by the General Office of the State Council planned that the ratio of "pile to vehicle" would be 1: 1 by the end of 2020, but this value has not yet been realized (only about 34%). By conservative estimation, it is assumed that the number of new energy vehicles will be 20 million by 2025, and the "pile-vehicle" ratio will be 50% by 2025. According to this calculation, the total number of charging piles will reach more than 10 million by 2025, corresponding to GAGR of 43.01%.

Judging from the performance of the capital market, with the demand for charging piles driven by new energy vehicles rising, the valuation and performance of the main related targets have doubled.From the perspective of profitability, the main targets involved in the charging pile industry chain are driven by the increase in the penetration rate of new energy vehicles, and the net profit still maintains a certain growth rate. The corresponding net profit of Guodian Nanrui and Xuji Electric 2021Q3 increased by 24.0% and 19.2% respectively. Teruide is subject to the star charging and the state grid’s run on the market share of its charging pile operator’s special call, and the cost of charging piles in the early stage has increased. The net profit in 2021Q3 was -65.3% year-on-year. However, with the recovery of the early cost of charging piles, the charging station has a high industry prosperity, and its profitability is expected to narrow and stop falling. Judging from the capital market valuation, the PE(TTM) of Teruide, Guodian Nanrui and Xuji Electric increased by 52%, 72% and 83% respectively by the end of November, and the industry growth expectation rose, driving the valuation trend to rise.

(1) Power battery: The overall situation has been set, and the leader is always strong, so be alert to the risk of short-term and medium-term valuation callback.

Cathode material is that core factor to distinguish the performance of pow battery products. Our common secondary lithium batteries mainly rely on the back-and-forth intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to realize energy storage and release. From the perspective of composition and structure, lithium-ion batteries are mainly composed of four parts: first, the cathode material is the key to determine the performance of power battery products, accounting for 30% to 40% of the cost of lithium-ion batteries (GGII data), which directly affects the energy density and performance of lithium battery packs. Common cathode materials include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, Ferrous lithium phosphate and ternary materials; Second, the negative electrode plays the role of energy storage and release. At present, the negative electrode material is mainly graphite, which accounts for a relatively low proportion in the cost of lithium battery, and the technical barrier is slightly lower than that of the positive electrode. The third is the diaphragm. The main function of the diaphragm is to separate the anode and cathode of the battery, and it has electronic insulation while maintaining ionic conductivity, so as to realize the mechanical isolation of insulation between the anode and cathode. Fourthly, electrolyte, which plays the role of transporting charge between positive and negative electrodes, affects the energy density, power density, wide temperature application, cycle life, safety performance and other factors of lithium battery pack.

From the structural point of view, lithium iron phosphate batteries are rising rapidly. It is estimated that the total installed capacity of power batteries will increase by about 35% in 2022.In terms of market volume, the total installed capacity of various power batteries from January to October in 2021 was 107.45GWh, an increase of 168.1% compared with 40.07GWh in the same period in 2020. From the perspective of demand structure, lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary material battery are divided into two markets, accounting for almost all the market share. From January to October 2021, the installed capacity of ternary material and Ferrous lithium phosphate was 54.05GWh and 53.21GWh respectively, and the ternary material/Ferrous lithium phosphate ratio was 1.02 (from January to October 2020, the ratio was 2.11), benefiting from lower cost and technological upgrading (BYD blade battery). Through the calculation of the growth rate of electric vehicles, assuming that the total passenger car market remains unchanged in 2022, the total installed capacity of power batteries in 2022 can reach 35.14% compared with that in 2021, based on the 20% penetration rate of new energy vehicle sales in 2022 (the value is about 14.8% in 2021).

The competition pattern of manufacturers tends to be stable, and the head effect is obvious.According to the data of China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, in the first three quarters of 2021, the top ten enterprises in China’s power battery loading capacity were Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, BYD, AVIC Lithium Battery, LG New Energy, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Honeycomb Energy, Yiwei Lithium Energy, Tafel New Energy, Funeng Technology and Jiewei Power. From the perspective of market concentration, the installed pattern of power lithium batteries is concentrated in head manufacturers such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and self-supply core manufacturers such as BYD. According to the data of China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance and GGII, the market concentration of power lithium battery manufacturers in CR10 will be 74%, 84% and 93% respectively. Among them, the power lithium battery manufacturer CR10 jumped from about 81% three years ago to 93%, and the CR10 in 2018 -2020 was 83%, 88% and 93% respectively. In the first three quarters of 2021, a total of 54 power battery enterprises in China’s new energy vehicle market achieved vehicle loading facilities, 10 fewer than the same period of last year. The vehicle loading capacity of CR3, CR5 and CR10 power battery enterprises was 67.2GWh, 77.0GWh and 84.4GWh respectively, accounting for 73.0%, 83.6% and 91.7% of the total vehicle. With the further promotion of the marketization process of the new energy automobile industry, the concentration of power battery manufacturers has gradually increased, and the market concentration has gradually increased, and the trend of further marketing is very obvious. In the post-subsidy stage, the advantages of technical barriers and bargaining power are gradually highlighted.Heading trend of power lithium battery manufacturers will be further established. The first is the issue of technical barriers. From the technical point of view, the dispute between lithium iron and ternary is getting more and more fierce. With the division of lithium battery technology path, the stratification of manufacturing and technical level, which is beneficial to the development of head enterprises, the Matthew effect of manufacturers will be further highlighted. The second is the issue of supplier control. Due to the obvious phenomenon of headedness of power lithium battery manufacturers, the head manufacturers have a high degree of market monopoly, and have stronger bargaining power with upstream suppliers of anode and cathode materials, separators and even raw materials, which can realize a profit margin much larger than that of small and medium-sized manufacturers, and aggravate the trend of headedness of market competition pattern.

The supply chain pays attention to the demand of leading new energy vehicle companies.Head lithium battery manufacturers have strong bargaining power upstream and downstream, but the total demand for short-term and medium-term power lithium batteries of sub-head manufacturers comes from downstream OEMs, so the fundamentals of upstream battery suppliers of leading new energy vehicle enterprises are more supported. According to the annual reports of companies, First Electric Network, MarkLines and other data, according to the battery supplier information of Tesla, BYD, Tucki, Weilai, Toyota, BMW, Volkswagen, Geely and Guangzhou Automobile, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (8), BYD (2), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (1), Yiwei Lithium Energy (2) and Funeng Technology (1).

The technical side pays attention to BYD blade battery technology and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited CTP(Cell to Pack) technology to drive enterprise battery loading capacity.Under normal circumstances, ternary batteries have strong endurance, but the raw material of ternary batteries is cobalt, but the main origin of cobalt comes from Congo and the market is in a monopoly position. Due to the unstable supply of cobalt, its price is high, which drives the cost of ternary materials to be high. However, the cost of lithium iron phosphate battery is relatively low and the safety factor is higher, but the energy density is damaged in winter due to poor low temperature resistance.Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited scheme-CTP (cell to pack) reduces the manufacturing cost of ternary batteries.Generally, the battery Pack carried on an electric vehicle is assembled into a Module by cells, and then assembled into a battery pack, while CTP(Cell to Pack) is that the cells are directly integrated into the battery pack, thus eliminating the intermediate module link, increasing the energy density and reducing the manufacturing cost. According to the data disclosed by the information platform of Cheyan Society, the large integrated module based on 21700 adopted by Tesla Model 3 has reduced the battery cost by 35% compared with the previous one, and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited CTP technology has the same effect.BYD’s plan-blade battery commission to improve the energy density of lithium iron phosphate battery.BYD’s blade battery research and development is based on lithium iron phosphate battery. The traditional battery mode is mostly cylindrical, and more gaps will be formed after the single batteries are stacked, and then the space utilization rate can only reach more than 40% except for the supporting cooling and supporting components. The flat blade battery can reduce the invalid gap between single cells, and the space utilization is as high as 60%, and the energy density is improved. At the same time, the increase of surface area can also play a greater role in heat dissipation.

The capital market is wary of the risk of short-term and medium-term valuation callback.In the short and medium term, the technology growth track, especially the new energy vehicles, power batteries and other industries and tracks, has accumulated a lot of gains. The track has been relatively crowded, and the fundamentals of many leading companies are strong, but the historical valuation water level is close to 80% or even more than 90%. Once the internal liquidity is not too loose and the external liquidity is slightly tightened, there may be a valuation market, and the risk is very worthy of attention.

(2) Motor: Self-made motors by leading car companies will become the mainstream, paying attention to new concepts and technologies such as hub motors.

Benefiting from China’s rare earth resources reserves, permanent magnet synchronous motors have become the mainstream of the market with high output and low cost.According to the technical scheme, common motors include DC motor, AC asynchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor. Among them, DC motor is a direct-driven motor with relatively simple structure and good electromagnetic torque control characteristics, but it is easy to produce electric sparks on the commutator surface at high speed and heavy load, which is easy to produce electromagnetic interference. It is relatively common in the early development of electric vehicles and has been basically eliminated at present. Ac asynchronous motor is a motor that puts the rotor in a rotating magnetic field to get the rotating torque to drive the rotor to rotate. AC asynchronous motor is small in size, light in weight and low in price. However, under the condition of high-speed operation, the rotor of the motor is seriously heated, so it is necessary to ensure the motor to be cooled when working. At the same time, the drive and control system of asynchronous motor is very complicated and the cost of the motor itself is high, so it is mainly used in high-power electric commercial vehicles. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a synchronous motor that uses permanent magnets to establish the excitation magnetic field, which has a higher (power/mass) ratio, smaller volume and lighter weight. However, the production of rare earth PMSM requires rare earth materials, and the manufacturing cost is not stable. However, thanks to the relative abundance of rare earth resources, China prefers to use permanent magnet synchronous motor as the driving scheme for electric vehicles, and this path has become the most widely used motor scheme for electric vehicles today.

The total amount of motor loading will benefit with the increase of electric vehicle sales; It has become a trend for leading car companies to produce their own motors for their own use, which has squeezed the market share of waist and tail motor manufacturers.From the perspective of the total market size, the penetration dividend of new energy vehicles has driven the demand for motors to pick up. According to EVTank’s calculation data, it is estimated that the installed capacity of driving motors for new energy vehicles in China will reach 2.983 million units in 2021, up by 103.90% year-on-year, and the shipment of driving motors for new energy vehicles in China will exceed 10 million units by 2025. From the perspective of competition pattern, the replacement of domestic motors by mainstream car companies is just at the time, and the self-production and self-use of leading car companies has become a trend. According to the data disclosed by EVTank, BYD Motor’s market share will be 13.2% in 2020, ranking first; Tesla Motor’s market share is 9.9%, ranking second; Founder motor’s market share is 6.7%, ranking the top three; The market shares of Weiran Power, Ningbo Shuangxiu, Volkswagen, Nippon Denso, Borg Warner, Jinjing Electric and Shanghai Electric Drive have squeezed into the top ten in China, with market shares of 6.0%, 5.9%, 5.2%, 5.1%, 4.0%, 3.4% and 3.0% respectively.

The growth rate of the total number of tracks is still there, but under the trend of self-made motors by head car companies, non-head manufacturers are basically facing difficulties, so they should be alert to the risk of market share crowding out.From the perspective of the total market, the growth dividend of new energy vehicles is superimposed on the "double electric four-wheel drive" to release motor demand and boost the overall fundamental improvement of the industry. At present, the market share of new energy vehicles is Class A (compact car) > Class B (medium-sized car) > Class A00 (mini-car) > Class A0 (small car) > Class C (medium-sized car). Due to the rapid growth of Class B (medium-sized car), "double motors+four-wheel drive" has become the mainstream configuration, and doubling the demand for motors is expected to boost the high prosperity of the motor market. However, from the structural point of view, although the total motor market has great expansion potential, its market share is mainly occupied by self-made motors owned by head enterprises such as BYD, Tesla and Weilai. According to statistics and forecast data of EVTank, the market size of driving motors for new energy vehicles in China will be about 7.464 billion yuan in 2020. According to the market structure in 2020, the theoretical upper market share limits of Founder Motor and Precision Electric are 500 million and 254 million respectively, and there is little room for waist and tail motor enterprises, which basically faces a deep gap. At the same time, benefiting from the high sentiment of the market for the industrial chain of new energy vehicles, the relevant targets have accumulated a lot of gains in 2021, and the risk of market correction of waist and tail motor enterprises is worthy of attention.

Hub motor-a new concept technology deserves attention, and at the same time, we should be alert to the risk of technical path.Hub motor is a system that integrates the power system, transmission system and braking system of the car into the hub. On the one hand, the application of in-wheel motor can simplify the structure of the vehicle to the greatest extent, save more space and weight, and reduce the maintenance cost caused by complex mechanical structure. On the other hand, if each wheel of the vehicle is equipped with a hub motor, each tire can be driven independently, thus realizing a variety of complex driving modes. The differential lock and full-time four-wheel drive system of the traditional fuel vehicle will no longer have any advantages, so the hub motor has strong application value for special vehicles. However, at the same time, the hub motor increases the moment of inertia of the unsprung weight and the hub, which affects the vehicle handling performance. The physical space occupied by the hub motor system is too small, which leads to limited acceleration and braking performance. In addition, the hub motor system also has high requirements for sealing and heat dissipation. Therefore, it is also worthy of vigilance against the risk of technical path. We should adhere to the idea of early investment and implement the investment of the hub motor track. If the technical path is correct, we will win all, and if the path is wrong, we will lose all. As the hub motor technology is still not the mainstream path in the world, there are few domestic manufacturers. However, companies such as Asia Pacific, Wanan Technology and Tate Electromechanical Co., Ltd. have successively cooperated with international manufacturers to rapidly promote the development and application of hub-driven motors in new energy vehicles, among which Wanan Technology and Tate Electromechanical Co., Ltd. have successively withdrawn or been acquired.

(1) positive electrode: the core of lithium battery performance, Sanyuan and Ferrous lithium phosphate market achieve differentiated competition.

Cathode material is one of the key materials to determine the performance of lithium ion batteries.Cathode material has always been the core of lithium-ion battery, and the choice of cathode material directly determines the performance of the battery. The common cathode materials are mainly oxides, which have higher electrode potential than lithium and can ensure a higher open circuit voltage of the battery. From the cost point of view, the power battery is one of the most expensive integrated components of the whole vehicle, and the cathode material accounts for about 40% of the cost of lithium batteries. Whether from the cost point of view or the technical point of view, the cathode material is the core of lithium batteries. Because cathode materials have a great influence on battery performance, major manufacturers have long been committed to developing cathode materials with higher performance based on different technical solutions. Common cathode materials for lithium batteries mainly include lithium ternary (NCM), Ferrous lithium phosphate (LFP), lithium cobaltate (LCO) and lithium manganate (LMO). After years of technical path iteration, LFP and NCM now occupy almost all the market share of power batteries for new energy vehicles.

Ternary materials-"high nickel" is the development trend of ternary cathode materials, and "medium nickel ternary" is still the mainstream in the market at present.Ternary material is the common name of lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide with a very similar structure to lithium cobaltate. Among them, nickel, cobalt and manganese can be balanced and regulated in terms of specific energy, recyclability, safety and cost. The different configuration of nickel, cobalt and manganese will bring different properties to the material: the increase of nickel content will increase the capacity of the material, but it will make the cycle performance worse; The existence of cobalt can make the material structure more stable, but too high a content will reduce the capacity. At the same time, the main source of cobalt is Congo, and the market is in a monopoly position, which is subject to the unstable supply of cobalt, resulting in higher costs. The existence of manganese can reduce the cost and improve the safety performance, but if the content is too high, it will destroy the layered structure of the material. Therefore, it is the focus of ternary material research and development to find the proportion relationship of the three materials to achieve the optimization of comprehensive performance.

According to the proportion of nickel, cobalt and manganese, the common ternary cathodes in the market at present can be divided into NCM523, NCM622, NCM811 and other types (the last three digits represent the proportion of nickel (n), cobalt (c) and manganese (m) respectively, for example, the proportion of nickel, cobalt and manganese in NCM523 is 5: 3: 2). NCM523, which accounts for 30.8% of nickel, is called "middle nickel ternary". Similarly, NCM622 and NCM811 have nickel contents of 37.3% and 50.7% respectively, which can be called "middle high nickel ternary" and "high nickel ternary". Because the mass proportions of nickel, cobalt and manganese are different, the performance of the above-mentioned ternary cathode materials also has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, NCM523 has a low energy density, but the overall cost performance is high; NCM811 has obvious advantages in energy density, but the process threshold is higher and the manufacturing is more difficult. Therefore, in terms of market share, NCM523 with higher comprehensive cost performance accounts for a larger market share. According to Xinyi information data, the market share of ternary cathode corresponding to NCM523, NCM622 and NCM811 will be 53%, 20% and 22% respectively in 2020.

Ferrous lithium phosphate-low cost+low performance = high cost performance. The way to break the situation in Ferrous lithium phosphate lies in technological breakthrough.Ferrous lithium phosphate is one of the most commonly used lithium ion cathode materials besides ternary materials. Compared with ternary cathode, it has better safety and lower production cost, but the corresponding battery energy density is lower and the battery attenuation is more serious in winter. Ferrous lithium phosphate’s theoretical specific capacity is 170mA/g, and its voltage platform is 3.7V V. It has good thermal stability, small hygroscopicity and excellent charge-discharge cycle performance in a fully charged state, and the superimposed manufacturing cost is low, which has become the focus of research and production development in the field of power lithium-ion batteries except ternary materials. However, due to the limitation of its own structure, the lithium ion battery with LiFePO4 as cathode material has poor conductivity, slow lithium ion diffusion rate, poor discharge performance at low temperature and low energy density. As a representative of "low cost+low performance", lithium iron phosphate batteries have long been used in low-end and cost-effective vehicles. Nowadays, BYD blade batteries have been installed on Han EV and other vehicles. The length of blade batteries is more than 0.6m, and they are arranged together in an array and inserted into the battery pack like "blades". On the one hand, it can improve the space utilization rate of the power battery pack and increase the energy density. On the other hand, it can ensure that the battery cell has a large enough heat dissipation area to conduct the internal heat to the outside, thus matching a high energy density. Blade battery has achieved relatively higher energy density and relatively moderate manufacturing cost through module-free integration, while taking into account other performances such as heat dissipation.

A00-class cars pull Ferrous lithium phosphate, while middle and high-end cars pull ternary materials. The two cars realize differentiated competition, and the market share game will continue.Judging from the total market share, ternary material positive battery and Ferrous lithium phosphate positive battery occupy almost all of the market share. According to the data of China Automobile Power Battery Industry Alliance, the number of vehicles loaded with ternary material positive battery and Ferrous lithium phosphate positive battery reached 54.05GWh and 53.21GWh respectively from January to October 2021, which increased by 100.1% and 316.4% respectively compared with the same period last year (the first October), and the growth rate was very rapid. At the same time, Ferrous lithium phosphate performed better, and its market share increased rapidly. The ratio of installed capacity (ternary material positive battery/Ferrous lithium phosphate positive battery) decreased from 2.11 in the same period last year to 1.02 this year. Our explanation for this phenomenon is that medium nickel ternary is commonly used in A-class cars, high nickel ternary is commonly used in B-class and C-class cars, while Ferrous lithium phosphate is mainly used in A00-class mini-cars. By comparing the market share of ternary and C-class new energy vehicles, it can also be confirmed that the market share of Ferrous lithium phosphate and A00-class cars is highly correlated, and the market share of Ferrous lithium phosphate is equally highly correlated. Therefore, the lithium iron phosphate battery benefited from the mini-car becoming the main force in the electric vehicle market, and the overall prosperity increased significantly, quickly seizing the market share. However, in essence, the overlap between the target users of ternary material positive battery and Ferrous lithium phosphate positive battery is still not high, and the market of the two batteries has achieved misplaced development, so the installed capacity of the two batteries will continue to be high in the future.

Positive head continues to gather, paying attention to Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited supply chain.Judging from the competition pattern, the market share of ternary cathode and Ferrous lithium phosphate cathode continues to move closer to the head. According to the data of GGII, Xinyi Information, lithium research and so on, the top ten manufacturers of cathode materials in 2020 are German Nano (Ferrous lithium phosphate, 9%), Rongbai Technology (ternary materials, 8%), Betray (Ferrous lithium phosphate, 8%), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (Ferrous lithium phosphate, 6%) and Tianjin Ba Maw (ternary materials, 6. Due to the obvious head effect of power battery, according to the data of China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, GGII and other institutions, the market concentration of power lithium battery manufacturers in 2020 is 74%, 84% and 93% respectively, and the supply chain enterprises of head manufacturers such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (with a global market share of 29.9% in 2021H) and BYD are worthy of attention.

(2) Negative electrode: pay attention to the profit increase caused by the capacity gap in the short term, and pay attention to the non-carbon material leader in the long term.

Artificial graphite is the main material used as the negative electrode of power lithium battery.The negative electrode is the carrier of lithium ions and electrons in the battery charging process, which plays the role of energy storage and release. Therefore, the following factors must be taken into account when selecting the negative electrode material: first, the material selected as the negative electrode must meet the requirement that the redox potential of lithium ions in the negative electrode matrix is as low as possible; second, the intercalated compound should have good electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity, and the intercalated compound has good chemical stability in the whole voltage range, so as to ensure that the battery can maintain higher energy density and stability while operating normally. From the classification of elements, we can divide the existing anode materials into two categories: carbon materials and non-carbon materials, in which the carbon materials include graphite materials (natural graphite, artificial graphite and mesophase carbon ball) and other carbon systems (hard carbon, soft carbon and graphene). Non-carbon materials can be subdivided into titanium-based materials, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, nitrides and metallic lithium. Compared with other materials, artificial graphite is the mainstream choice in the market because of its good cycle performance, superior safety, mature technology, easy access to raw materials and low cost. According to information disclosed by GGII, the market share of artificial graphite products will reach 84% in 2020. Other anode materials, such as silicon-based anode, failed to achieve the expected growth due to the switch of main shipment models of domestic cylindrical battery products and the delay in upgrading the high-nickel system of square power batteries, and the market share declined.

Graphitization accounts for the largest proportion in the manufacturing process, and graphitization of electricity price is the main cost. It is estimated that the power consumption cost per ton of artificial graphite cathode is as high as 8750-10500 yuan.The traditional artificial graphite process is divided into four parts: first, pretreatment, that is, according to different products, graphite raw materials and asphalt are mixed in different proportions, put into an air flow mill for airflow milling, and the raw and auxiliary materials with a particle size of 5-10 mm are milled to 5-10 microns. The second is granulation, that is, the middle is put into the reaction kettle, which is electrically heated according to the temperature curve. After that, the volatile gas in the reaction kettle is pumped out by the fan, condensed by the condensation tank, and the liquid phase is condensed in tar form. The gaseous waste gas is led out by the fan, filtered by activated carbon and evacuated. The third is graphitization-graphitization of the granulated materials. Usually, this step adopts outsourcing mode, which is the main cost in the whole production process. Fourthly, ball milling and screening: the graphitized materials are transported to a ball mill through vacuum, physically mixed and ball milled, screened with a 270-mesh molecular sieve, and the undersized materials are inspected, measured, packaged and put into storage. The traditional manufacturing industry of artificial graphite anode materials has a heavy attribute, and the cost mainly lies in the upstream labor cost and electricity charge. According to Shanhe Intelligent Announcement, the power consumption of crucible Acheson furnace, box furnace and continuous graphite furnace is about 10,000-12,000 kWh/ton, 7,000-8,000 kWh/ton and 5,500 kWh/ton, and the current industrial electricity charge is 1.025 yuan /kWh in peak hours and in normal periods.The power consumption cost of Qi’s corresponding production process is 8750-10500 yuan/ton, 6125-7000 yuan/ton and 4813 yuan/10,000 tons respectively. If the annual production capacity is 10,000 tons, the annual cost of pure electricity for the preparation of artificial graphite is about 87.5 million to 105 million yuan.

The scale of domestic enterprises is "going out to sea", and the competitive situation of manufacturers is still there.From the perspective of domestic market structure, according to the data disclosed by GGII, in 2020, the top five domestic companies in the market share of anode materials for power lithium batteries are Betray (China market share is 20%), Shanshan (16%), Putailai (17%), Kaijin Energy (13%) and Xiangfenghua (7%), and domestic market manufacturers present "three big and many small" competition. According to GGII data, the top five companies in the global market share of anode materials for power lithium batteries in 2020 are Putailai (global market share 12%), Betray (10%), Shanshan (10%), Kaijin Energy (7%) and Pohang (5%), and the scale of China enterprises is "going out to sea". As the negative electrode material has not yet entered the technological innovation cycle, the barriers to participation are mainly production capital, and the technical barriers are lower than those of the positive electrode material and the power lithium battery in the downstream of the industrial chain, so the competitive situation of manufacturers is still there.

Short-term attention to limited production capacity will boost the profit growth of head enterprises, and long-term attention will be paid to the long-term growth of non-carbon materials.On the one hand, in a short period of time, the state has increased the policy of double control of energy consumption, and strictly controlled projects with high energy consumption and high emissions. Under the system of "double control" of energy consumption, high-energy industries such as graphitization of anode materials bear the brunt. Taking Inner Mongolia as an example, it is stipulated that the profiling equipment, roasting equipment and production line of ordinary and high-power graphite electrodes in the autonomous region, and the production line of graphite electrodes below 600 mm in diameter will all be withdrawn in principle before the end of 2021, so the production capacity of artificial graphite negative electrodes will decrease in the short term. At the same time, because the graphitization process in the production process of artificial graphite anode is mostly outsourced, manufacturers with high market share and high self-sufficiency in graphitization process will benefit from this under the negative electrode capacity gap. On the other hand, although the large-scale production technology of artificial graphite is quite mature, its current technical conditions are close to its theoretical specific capacity of 372mAh/g, which is difficult to meet the market demand for large-capacity lithium-ion batteries. At present, carbon-silicon anode materials have not been applied in a large scale, and the development of silicon-based anode technology of most manufacturers is still in the conceptual stage. However, from a long-term perspective, new technologies such as silicon-based anode with higher gram capacity are worthy of attention.

(3) Diaphragm and electrolyte: The era of solid-state batteries is far from over, and there is still the last journey of demand.

It is difficult for solid-state batteries to have an impact on the diaphragm and electrolyte market in a short period of time.In the current lithium battery technology path, liquid lithium ion batteries occupy the mainstream. Among them, separator and electrolyte are the key materials of lithium-ion battery. The performance of separator determines the interface structure and internal resistance of the battery, which directly affects the capacity, cycle and safety performance of the battery. The separator with excellent performance is of great use to improve the comprehensive performance of the battery. Electrolyte, as an important medium to ensure that the working ions move at a certain rate between the positive and negative electrodes during the charging and discharging process of the battery, thus forming the whole circuit loop to generate current, also has great influence on the overall operation efficiency and safety of the lithium battery. However, from the technical point of view, the path of solid-state battery is likely to have an impact on liquid lithium-ion battery in the future. The cathode materials used by the two are the same as the cathode materials, and the working principle of the battery is basically the same. However, the liquid lithium-ion battery uses liquid electrolyte, while the solid-state battery is replaced by solid polymer electrolyte, which can play the role of electrolyte and diaphragm at the same time, so electrolyte and diaphragm are no longer needed in the real solid-state battery. Compared with traditional liquid batteries, solid-state batteries have certain advantages in safety performance and energy density. If this technical path is fully realized, it will replace the existing diaphragm and electrolyte market. However, judging from the current development status of solid-state batteries, the technical concept is greater than practical and the production cost is too high. In recent years, it is difficult for solid-state batteries to become the mainstream technical solution in the market, and it is difficult for solid-state batteries to have an impact on the diaphragm and electrolyte market in the short term.

With the high nickel ternary lithium battery path, wet diaphragm manufacturers are expected to usher in a second growth.Lithium battery separators are generally divided into dry process and wet process according to the process. Dry diaphragm is a method to produce high-oriented polypropylene or polyethylene film with low crystallinity by producing hard elastic fiber, and a film with high crystallinity is obtained during high-temperature annealing. Wet diaphragm is to mix liquid hydrocarbon or some small molecular substances with polyolefin resin, heat and melt to form a uniform mixture, then cool down for phase separation, press to obtain a diaphragm, then heat the diaphragm to a temperature close to the melting point, stretch it in two directions to orient the molecular chain, and finally keep the temperature for a certain period of time, and elute the residual solvent with volatile substances, so as to prepare interconnected microporous membrane materials. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, the separator produced by dry uniaxial stretching process has more advantages, but the separator produced by wet production process has higher porosity and good permeability, which can meet the requirements of high current charging and discharging of power batteries and has better performance. At present, most lithium iron phosphate batteries in power batteries use dry separators, while most ternary lithium batteries use wet separators. At present, the demand for wet separators caused by the increase in installed capacity of ternary batteries is increasing, and Ferrous lithium phosphate is upgrading. High-end lithium iron phosphate batteries have a tendency to switch from dry separators to wet separators. Generally speaking, wet separators with relatively good performance will more likely become the mainstream technology path.

The difference of electrolyte products is small, and the competitiveness of manufacturers mainly lies in the bargaining power brought by market share and industrial chain monopoly.As the "blood of lithium battery", electrolyte is used to conduct electrons between the anode and cathode in the battery, which is an important guarantee for lithium-ion batteries to obtain high voltage and high specific energy. According to the data disclosed by Yingcai magazine, according to the cost ratio, the solvent accounts for about 30%, the lithium salt accounts for about 40-50%, and the additive accounts for about 10-30%, among which the solute and solvent costs account for a large part, resulting in a small difference in electrolyte products among manufacturers. Head manufacturers cooperate with many upstream electrolyte manufacturers to ensure the stability of raw material procurement demand. Under the competitive pattern of electrolyte industry with highly concentrated market share, The competitiveness of manufacturers mainly lies in the bargaining power brought by market share and industrial chain monopoly. Head and large suppliers can obtain good business environment and profitability for a long time under the condition of good market prosperity.

Fundamentals run before valuation, and in the pre-solid-state battery era, the market share is large.From a fundamental point of view, the upstream diaphragm electrolyte grew strongly. The GAGR of Enjie, Xingyuan Material, Tianci Material and Xinzhoubang were 66.5%, 4.2%, 315.4% and 90.4% respectively, corresponding to the PE(TTM) increase of -9.4%,-36.3%, -22.7% and-38.7% respectively. Based on the current development status of solid-state batteries, the technical concept is more than practical, and the production cost is too high. In recent years, it is difficult for solid-state batteries to become the mainstream technical solution in the market. In the short term, it is difficult for solid-state batteries to have an impact on the diaphragm and electrolyte market, and attention should be paid to leading upstream manufacturers with large market share.

(1) Hydrogen fuel cell: the market has not moved, the policy moves first, and it runs with electric technology.

The series connection of fuel cell and motor is the core of realizing hydrogen energy power for automobile.Fuel cell is an energy conversion device, which directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel (i.e. hydrogen) and oxidant into electric energy according to the working principle of primary battery. Through the cooperation of hydrogen fuel cell and motor, the automobile can be replenished with hydrogen and converted into electric energy to drive the automobile motor, thus realizing the energy conversion. Compared with the traditional electric vehicle, the fuel cell technology enables the vehicle to retain the advantages of good driving performance and comfortable ride, and also has unparalleled advantages such as fast energy replenishment and long cruising range, which takes into account the advantages of both electric vehicles and traditional power vehicles to some extent.

PEMFC benefits from the hydrogen car market, and its installed capacity occupies a dominant position in all kinds of batteries.Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) refers to a fuel cell solution with platinum-based electrodes using water-based acidic polymer membrane as its electrolyte. PEMFC battery can operate at relatively low temperature and can customize the electrical output to meet the dynamic power demand, so it is the most commonly used battery solution for fuel cell vehicles. Its main advantages are obvious: fast start-up of power generation reaction, low requirements for operating conditions (no need for extreme high temperature), and direct use of air as oxidant (no need to add pure oxygen separately). According to "Review of Fuel Cell Industry 2020" published by E4tech, a website of ERM Group, the installed capacity of various fuel cells in the world will reach 1,318.7 MW in 2020. Among them, PEMFC, DMFC, PAFC, SOFC, MCFC and AFC have market shares of 1029.7, 0.4, 132.2, 147.5, 8.8 and 0.1 respectively, and the corresponding market shares are 78.1%, 0.1%, 10.0%, 11.2% and 0.7% respectively. Among them, PEMFC benefited from the hydrogen car market, accounting for 78.1% of the installed capacity market, and rapidly increased from 341.0 MW in 2016 to 1029.7 MW in 2020.

Domestic fuel cell shipments have increased rapidly, but the overall scale of the fuel cell market is not large due to the small demand for hydrogen energy vehicles.According to the statistical data of monthly database of fuel cell vehicles published by GGII, the installed capacity of hydrogen fuel cell system in China is about 79.2MW in 2020, down 37% year-on-year. Among them, the total installed capacity of hydrogen fuel cell system on buses is about 71.7MW, up 46% year-on-year. At present, the top five domestic fuel cell manufacturers in China are Edelman, Yihuatong, Guohong Remodeling, Exploration Automobile and Weichai Power, respectively, accounting for 20.1%, 15.4%, 11.9%, 11.6% and 10.0% of the market share of shipments, while other manufacturers account for 31.0% of the market share.

Policy overweight, long-term perspective, hydrogen energy technology will be the first alternative path of electric energy.Hydrogen, as an energy source, reacts with oxygen in the air, which brings power to the automobile and only produces water vapor. It is the most ideal emission reduction technology, without worrying about the carbon dioxide emission from the downstream automobile engine to the upstream power generation process, and can better achieve the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Therefore, in recent years, the technical path of hydrogen energy vehicles has been strongly supported by national policies. During the two sessions in 2019, hydrogen energy was written into the "Government Work Report" for the first time. Subsequently, the release of the demonstration application policy for fuel cell vehicles and the release of the development plan for the new energy vehicle industry (2021-2035) all injected impetus into the development of the hydrogen energy industry. In addition, in recent years, many provinces and cities have also issued the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" to promote the development of hydrogen energy industry. On the whole, hydrogen energy technology will be the first alternative path of electric energy in the future. With the encouragement of policies, the pace of hydrogen energy industrialization is expected to accelerate.

(2) Skateboard chassis: "Four-wheel drive" chassis integration technology is expected to redefine the car.

Skateboard chassis is born out of non-load-bearing body technology, and the car is redefined as "car = chassis+shell", which promotes the computerization of electric vehicle manufacturing.Rivian, recently led by Amazon and Ford, has received extensive attention in the US stock market. After listing, its market value is close to 100 billion US dollars, and it has become the third largest car company in the world after Tesla and Toyota without selling a car. Rivian’s concern mainly comes from its new chassis form-namely "skateboard chassis" technology, which is expected to redefine the car. Skateboard chassis is born out of non-load-bearing body technology, which is a general chassis scheme that can reduce the burden of vehicle development. The main engine factory only needs to make the upper body part, and the lower body part can be stretched into the required adaptive layout by using the characteristics of free adjustment of skateboard chassis, so as to realize "car = chassis+car shell", that is, skateboard chassis manufacturers such as Rivian and Pixmoving integrate all components such as motor, battery, transmission system, electronic control system and suspension system into skateboards. If the skateboard chassis technology is popularized, in the future, the main engine factory will not focus on the development of automobile mechanical properties, but turn to software development and overall product design to promote the computerization of electric vehicle manufacturing technology.

The technical barrier of skateboard chassis is not high, but it is high in market barriers, so we pay attention to the domestic head electric main engine factory.On the one hand, the underlying technology of skateboard chassis is not complicated, mainly because of the integration of battery, motor, electronic control and traditional mechanical parts, and the technical barriers are not high. But on the other hand, contracting the chassis and electrical machinery system of the main engine plant is equivalent to grabbing the profit share from the main engine plant, which is higher in market barriers. Therefore, the skateboard chassis technology will be initiated by BYD and other head electric vehicle main engine plants with battery and electronic control system manufacturing technology in China.

Part III: Prospect.

China’s auto market still has a long-term growth potential under the background of double domestic demand.With the improvement of GDP per capita, the total size of China automobile market will still have some room for development in theory by 2035. As a kind of high-priced consumer goods directly linked to per capita income level and marginal propensity to consume, automobile industry prosperity is highly related to national economic operation. On the premise that infrastructure construction and automobile purchase policy are at the same level, passenger car sales and per capita GDP show a highly positive correlation. According to the data of the World Bank and the International Automobile Manufacturers Association (OICA), we can make a regression analysis on the number of vehicles purchased per capita in the top 20 automobile consuming countries in the world in 2019 and the per capita GDP of each country. There is a strong linear relationship between them, which can be approximately regarded as a positive proportion relationship.

According to Professor Lin Yifu of Peking University, China’s per capita GDP will reach 23,000 US dollars in 2035, so the most optimistic estimate is that there is still about twice the space in China’s automobile market.Adopting a relatively conservative estimation method, we take the per capita GDP of 20,000 US dollars as the expected value of per capita GDP in 2035. If other factors are not considered, the per capita GDP of China will still double by 2035, based on the sales of 25 million passenger cars in 2020. Therefore, in this way, under the most optimistic and ideal conditions, China’s passenger car consumption market will have the potential of 50 million cars per year in 2035. However, this growth space is only a theoretical possibility, and many factors such as purchase restriction, urbanization and infrastructure construction remain to be seen. As some large and medium-sized cities show no signs of greatly relaxing the purchase restriction policy, and the urbanization expansion is gradually slowing down, it is highly probable that the automobile consumption will increase slowly at a slower rate than the economic growth rate in the long run. Therefore, the double growth space of annual automobile sales and the consumption potential of 50 million vehicles can only be regarded as the theoretical limit of the China market by 2035.

According to the road map analysis of industrial planning, the new energy market will account for 50% in 2035, and the annual sales scale of new energy vehicles such as hybrid, plug-in hybrid, electric and hydrogen fuel cells will reach 10 million.According to the contents of the Technical Roadmap of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles compiled by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in October 2020 and organized by the China Automotive Engineering Society, by 2035, China’s new energy vehicle market will account for more than 50%, energy-saving vehicles will be fully hybrid, and the automobile industry will be electrified. According to the data of China Automobile Association, the market penetration rate of new energy vehicles in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 (January-October) was 2.31%, 4.45%, 4.95%, 5.96% and 14.23% respectively. In August, September and October of 2021, the market penetration rate of new energy vehicles was 19.78%, 19.47% and 18.24% respectively. Taking the data of 2019 before the epidemic as the seasonal fluctuation benchmark, we predict that the sales volume of new energy vehicles in 2021 is expected to exceed 2.8 million, corresponding to a market share of about 14.8%, and the market share will expand by about three times if the target is 50%. Cars are just like liquor industry, and new energy vehicles are just like sauce wine. The liquor industry peaks with the total amount, but the market share of sauce wine is rising continuously.

From the supply side, China’s passenger car market is now divided into three parts: traditional car companies, new car upstarts and new car-making forces.We divide the OEMs that participate in the China automobile market into three categories. First, traditional car companies, that is, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Toyota and other traditional car companies with a history of 100 years. At present, traditional car companies are facing various pressures such as technical upgrading and policy constraints, and are seeking electrification or hydrogen energy transformation based on their own years of car-making process accumulation. Second, the upstarts of automobiles, such as Xiaomi, Midea and Huawei, are big names in 3C and home appliances industries, and now they frequently enter the market to build cars. For example, Midea entered the upstream auto parts market in May, 2011. The newly-developed products cover five categories of products in three major systems: assisted (automatic) driving, thermal management and motor driving, including driving motors, electric compressors, electronic water pumps, electronic oil pumps, electronic power steering motors and other parts, and have been applied to the automobile industry of the bureau horizontally according to their own development endowments; Huawei entered the field of intelligent cockpit by building ——Huawei Inside, an in-vehicle system, and opened up its own 3C industrial ecological closed loop through the integration of Huawei HI with HarmonyOS OS operating system. Third, the new forces of car-making, namely, Weilai, Tucki and other emerging domestic and foreign electric vehicle manufacturers, have risen strongly through Internet-style product design.

Traditional car companies and new forces are merging with each other.On the one hand, the three forces have their own advantages, and now they have formed differentiated competition. On the other hand, traditional car companies and new car-making forces are merging with each other to learn from each other’s strengths. Because the new energy vehicle technology is quite different from the traditional fuel vehicle technology, the core technologies involved in the production of fuel vehicles, such as gearbox and engine, and the first-Mover advantage of traditional car companies in the new energy field no longer exist, the new forces of car-making and traditional car companies return to the same starting line, and competition stimulates their potential. In the long run, traditional fuel car companies should learn from the innovative spirit of new energy car-making forces, and new car-making forces should learn from the technical accumulation of traditional fuel car companies.

At present, the energy-saving technical route is relatively mature and easy to practice, but it still cannot completely solve the carbon emission problem.Automobile industry, as an important place of traditional fuel use, is the key direction to achieve the overall goal of carbon reduction in China. At present, there are three main technical paths for the automobile industry to achieve emission reduction: one is to produce more energy-efficient cars and directly reduce carbon emissions; The second is to achieve centralized management of carbon emissions through electric vehicles, and then manage power generation methods to achieve emission reduction; Third, hydrogen energy vehicles, through technological innovation to achieve theoretical absolute cleanliness. Each of the three methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Electric vehicles have become the mainstream in the three major technical paths, and China has the "curve advantage".First, electric vehicles can get rid of energy dependence. Today, China is the largest oil importer in the world, importing more than 400 million tons of crude oil every year, accounting for nearly 70% of China’s total oil consumption. However, electric technology only depends on power generation, and with the popularization of nuclear power and hydropower, the energy security problem will be alleviated; Second, China’s electric vehicle technology still has a "curve advantage", and now China has developed a relatively complete and high-tech new energy industry chain.

In the long-term perspective, the two paths of hydrogen energy and electric energy run together, and the winner of the technical path is king.Although hydrogen fuel cell is pollution-free and efficient, it is expensive and does not have practical conditions in low-end vehicles. In the short term, the hydrogen energy policy is overweight, and hydrogen energy technology will be the first alternative path of electric energy. With the encouragement of the policy, the pace of hydrogen energy industrialization is expected to accelerate, and the market’s expectations for future hydrogen energy application scenarios are more clear. But in the long run, promoting hydrogen energy at the national level is a "two-legged walk" behavior, and more attention should be paid to the correct technological path for investment.

The technical path dispute between lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary material battery has arisen again, but in fact, the user overlap between them is not high; Grade A00 uses lithium iron, which is ternary for middle and high-end vehicles.According to the loading capacity of lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary material battery in the first ten months of 2021, the market share of lithium iron phosphate battery has increased rapidly, once surpassing ternary material battery (the ratio of ternary material positive battery/Ferrous lithium phosphate positive battery installed capacity has dropped from 2.11 in the same period last year to 1.02 this year). However, this should not be understood as a competition of technical paths, and the overall overlap between lithium iron phosphate batteries and downstream users of ternary material batteries is not high. On the one hand, ternary material batteries have high energy density and high cost, and are suitable for middle and high-end vehicles with high horsepower and long battery life. Except for a few products (BYD blade batteries), most lithium iron phosphate batteries have low cost, low energy density and severe winter recession, and are suitable for entry-level and low-cost A00 or A0 vehicles. The two achieve differential competition, and the phenomenon that the market share of lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary material batteries is divided into two parts will continue in 2020.

The "double integration" policy includes NEV integration and CAFC integration, which correspond to two emission reduction paths respectively.Double points include new energy vehicle points (NEV points) and average fuel consumption points (CAFC points) of passenger car companies. Car companies can earn NEV points and CAFC points by producing new energy vehicles and fuel-efficient vehicles. If car companies fail to meet the assessment criteria, they can make up the points in three ways: carry-forward-car companies can use the points left in the previous year in proportion; Countervailing-the subsidiaries of the same group use the points of each other’s balance; Purchase-if the first two methods are not enough, you can only buy two kinds of points from other car companies on the "double points" trading website of the Equipment Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology every year. However, due to the imperfect trading mechanism and small trading market, the price of points is high.

It is suggested to promote the integration of "double points" trading and carbon trading as soon as possible, and tackle the emission reduction of the automobile industry.The automobile industry has always been an important place for energy conservation and emission reduction, and achieving the goal of "30 60" will surely tackle the problem. At present, the integral transaction between car companies is directional one-to-one transaction, and the information asymmetry is serious, so the market efficiency is low, which leads to the failure of price signals; At the same time, because carbon emissions are materialized into points, the circulation range is framed between car companies, which limits the liquidity of points to a great extent and also limits the effectiveness of the market. Therefore, we should try to promote the integration of "double points" trading and carbon trading, solve the problem of market effectiveness, and promote the automobile industry to complete the revolutionary transformation of energy by market means.

From the perspective of market concentration, the waist competition of the new energy automobile main engine plant is fierce, and the "double leading" pattern of the head is basically stable.In the first ten months of this year, the competition pattern of the main manufacturers of new energy vehicles (including electric and plug-in hybrids) was more than two-the "double-leading" BYD (with a total sales of 410,801 vehicles, including BYD Tang DM, BYD Han EV, BYD Qin PLUS DM, etc.) and Tesla (with a total sales of 349,397 vehicles, The main Model S include Model 3, Model Y, Model S, Model X, etc.), SAIC-GM-Wuling (341,757 vehicles, the main model is Wuling Hongguang Mini EV) and Great Wall Motor (97,966 vehicles, the main model is Euler Cat). In 2019, 2020 and January-October 2021, the automobile sales volume CR5 of new energy vehicle enterprises was 59.5% respectively. The shock of this market concentration should be seen in two aspects. On the one hand, the "double leading" pattern of Tesla and BYD’s new energy vehicle enterprises is basically established, and their respective consumer markets and shares are basically stable; On the other hand, the competition among non-head manufacturers is fierce. The products of Wuling and Great Wall are all low-priced models such as Mini EV, Euler Black Cat and Euler Good Cat. The market share is greatly affected by the product strength and price of a single product, so the market share of a single car company is not stable. On the whole, the waist competition of the main engine factory is fierce, and the head "double leading" grid is basically stable, and this trend is expected to continue in the next few years.

Although there is still a large market growth space for new energy vehicles and power lithium battery tracks in the long term, it is still worthy of attention whether the added value of the industry matches the valuation growth in the short and medium term.From a long-term perspective of five or even ten years, there are three ways for the industrial chain of new energy vehicles and power lithium batteries to continue to expand their market share: first, to expand the total automobile market, but according to analysis, although the marginal recovery in the short term, it is unlikely that the automobile market will explode; The second is to expand the proportion of new energy vehicles in the total number of vehicles. Now this situation is happening, which is the only increment of new energy vehicles and power lithium battery tracks; Third, the market share of battery manufacturers’ installed capacity has increased, that is, it is difficult to have a trend change in the short term by continuing to strengthen the monopoly position of head manufacturers. In the short and medium term, the possibility of exponential growth of triple factors of new energy vehicles and power lithium battery track has been weakened, so we should be alert to the valuation risk in the short term. Whether the added value of the industry matches the valuation growth is still worth discussing. In the short and medium term, the technology growth track, especially the industries and tracks such as new energy vehicles and power batteries, has accumulated a lot of gains. The track has been relatively crowded, and the historical valuation water level of many companies is close to 80% or even more than 90%. Once the internal liquidity is not too loose and the external liquidity is slightly tightened, there may be a valuation market, and the risk is very worthy of attention.

The upstream of the new energy industry chain, especially the electrolyte and diaphragm track, is close to the end of the first curve. Although the demand still has the last journey, we should always pay attention to the technology path switching.Taking anode materials as an example, graphite is the most common and cost-effective anode material at present. However, compared with graphite anode materials, silicon-carbon anode materials have ultra-high theoretical specific capacity and lower lithium-removal potential. Under the background of increasing requirements for energy density of lithium-ion batteries and the gradual maturity of battery manufacturers in mastering high-nickel systems, upgrading graphite anode systems to silicon-based anode systems is likely to become the main direction. At present, the technical level of upstream electrode materials and electrolyte products is close to the end of the first curve. Although the demand is still in the final stage, the emergence of emerging technologies such as solid-state batteries is likely to have a devastating impact on the corresponding track and target. Investment should always pay attention to technology path switching.

First, the logic of industry valuation has changed from "cycle" to "big consumption" and "big technology".The biggest change in the automobile industry since last year is the change in valuation logic. On the one hand, the traditional "manufacturing" valuation logic of automobile enterprises has changed into "consumption" logic, and the valuation center has a positive correlation with automobile sales, and high market share brings high profit growth expectations; On the other hand, the valuation of some new car upstarts and new car-making power companies presents "scientific and technological" logic, and auto companies with high technical barriers and good product experience can get higher valuations.

Second, the second half of the energy revolution has arrived, and the development path of the automobile industry is very different.Under the pressure of climate problems, countries all over the world are relying on their own technological resources to carry out different technological path research and development. Common new energy power technologies include hybrid, plug-in hybrid, extended-range electric, pure electric and hydrogen fuel cell. China enterprises have more successful products in many fields and remain in the leading position, but only lag behind in hydrogen energy technology. Nowadays, there is still a big controversy about the two development paths of pure electric power and hydrogen energy power. Now we are also at the crossroads of energy technology development. Apple won and Nokia lost.

Third, the infrastructure revolution is coming, which will bring new opportunities for the development of the automobile industry.In 2020, the "new infrastructure" will be accelerated, and the digital upgrading of traditional industries will usher in new development opportunities. In the "new infrastructure", 5G, big data, artificial intelligence, industrial internet, etc. have all become the focus of the next stage of development, which is of great significance to the construction of smart cars, smart transportation and smart city related facilities. The application of big data and industrial Internet technology will promote the transformation of the business model of the automobile industry, and by providing assistance for the digital development of manufacturing, the digital and intelligent manufacturing level of the automobile industry can be improved as a whole. The promotion of "new infrastructure" will accelerate the innovation speed in the fields of automobile technology research and development, business model and production model, and will bring subversive changes to the automobile industry.

Source of this article: If so, Institute of Finance, Author: Guan Qingyou, Xu Bonan, original title: "Guan Qingyou Team: Outlook of New Energy Automobile Industry in 2022"

　　Recently, Xiaohongshu published the "Brand Partner Platform Upgrade Instructions" online, which set higher requirements for the number of fans and monthly exposure of bloggers. KOL (bloggers) who do not meet the requirements will be disqualified as brand partners. In this regard, Qu Fang, founder of Xiaohongshu, said that the new regulations are to ensure the quality of content rather than cleaning KOL. E-commerce experts have tricks to recruit consumers and identify "brushing" goods.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Yangyan Reporter Fan Xiaolin Intern Zhu Menghan

　　Little Red Book New Rules: 12 points for traffic fraud

　　Recently, some media reported that the industrial chain of writing, brushing, and improving the search ranking of the little red book notes surfaced, so that your notes of "planting grass" may not come from the personal experience of real users, but are "fabricated" by professional writers according to the needs of businesses. Qu Fang, the founder of Xiaohongshu, said that the behavior of black production and brushing reported in the article is the object that Xiaohongshu has been severely cracked down on, and Xiaohongshu has reported such incidents to the police. It is reported that from January to March this year, Xiaohongshu’s anti-cheating technical team handled 1.38 million illegal accounts, 380,000 cheating accounts and 1.21 million cheating notes, and has cooperated with the police investigation to crack many cases of brushing. On May 15th, a new regulation was put forward on Xiaohongshu Online: KOL (blogger) who needs more than 5,000 fans and an average monthly exposure of more than 10,000 can be qualified as a brand partner, and KOL who takes orders in violation of regulations, fails to mark advertisements and makes false notes on traffic will be directly deducted 12 points and terminated. The purpose is to raise the threshold, cancel the low-quality KOL posting qualification, and ensure the high-quality platform content.

　　Content fraud, blindfolded by "planting grass"

　　According to the monitoring of the network economy and society, in addition to Xiaohongshu, many e-commerce platforms such as Taobao, Meituan, Renren, Xiaomi, etc. are frequently exposed to brushing behaviors and brushing platforms such as handshake network and baby brushing network. In this regard, Cao Lei, director of the Research Center of NetEconomy-E-Commerce, believes that the brush industry has always existed, just like the brush list and the Weibo Water Army, where there is interest, there is a drive. Fang Chaoqiang, a Beijing Yingke (Hangzhou) law firm, said that information called sharing but actually promoting soft articles can be identified as Internet advertisements. The merchant who entrusts to publish advertisements is the advertiser, and the main body of the publishing account is the advertising agent and publisher. According to the regulations, they all need to be responsible for the authenticity of advertisements, and at the same time, the advertising identity of soft texts should be marked so that consumers can clearly distinguish them as advertisements. Violators, the administrative department may impose an administrative penalty of less than 100 thousand. False brushing behavior will reduce the evaluation of the authenticity of Xiaohongshu data, which is actually an infringement and damage to Xiaohongshu’s business model. Meng Huixin, assistant analyst of the Legal Rights Department of the Research Center of NetEconomy-E-Commerce, said that brushing, deleting bad reviews, false evaluation and other behaviors not only disrupted the normal trading order of the e-commerce industry, but also damaged consumers’ right to know and cast a shadow over "planting grass". In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, helping others to swipe their bills, speculate on letters, delete bad reviews and fictitious transactions will also be severely punished.

　　How to identify "brush quantity" and "brush praise" goods?

　　Any false data is a great harm to those who truly respect the rules of the game and do their best to be e-commerce practitioners. So, how should consumers guard against it? Yao Jianfang, an analyst at the Legal Rights Department of the E-Commerce Research Center, reminds consumers that buyers can identify sellers who have the behavior of "brushing" and "brushing praise" in online shopping in the following ways: First, look at the store’s rating and establishment date. Generally speaking, a store with a long establishment time will have a better reputation; The second is to look at the ratio of the number of evaluations to the number of transactions. The number of transactions is huge, but the number of evaluations is very small. This situation is usually caused by the large amount of returns; The third is to look at the content of praise. If you look at all the comments, they are all "good", and most of them are brushed out; The fourth is to look at the photos and bad reviews. Praise will be fraudulent, but consumers who complain maliciously are a minority after all, so the reference value of bad reviews is higher than praise.

　　Aouita 12 is equipped with three laser radars at the beginning, which has a wider and more multidimensional detection range compared with 1-2 laser radars at the same level. In addition, Aouita 12 is equipped with ADS 2.0, Huawei’s latest generation of advanced intelligent driving system, and its intelligent driving strength is leading at the same level. On this basis, Aouita Science and Technology announced that from February 4th, 12 full users in Aouita will open the urban NCA which does not depend on high-precision maps, covering all the national highways, national highways, provincial highways, rural roads, main roads, auxiliary roads and branch roads.

　　It is reported that with the gradual increase in sales of Aouita’s flagship models, Aouita’s intelligent driving function has been fully trusted and used at high frequency by users, and the intelligent driving mileage has accumulated over 44 million kilometers, accounting for 23% of the total driving mileage; Intelligent parking assistance has been called over 4.7 million times, with an average of over 10,000 times a day. With the opening of this "no map" intelligent driving, Aouita 12 will get rid of the limitation of high-precision maps, truly realize "all roads can be opened with and without maps" and can be used all over the country.

　　It is worth noting that before unlocking the NCA in the "no map" urban area, Aouita 12 also ushered in the first big OTA upgrade, unlocking black technologies such as Huawei DriveOne iTRACK. Specifically, with the blessing of Huawei DriveOne iTRACK, Aouita 12 can ensure the best power output even under extremely complicated road conditions, and ensure the comfort and safety of drivers and passengers with a steady driving posture.

　　In addition, Aouita 12 has also added intelligent driving functions such as high-speed LCC, remote parking RPA, straight in and straight out RDA, etc., to give users more care. For example, outside the car, users can remotely park and park the vehicle through the mobile phone Aouita APP, and combine with the intelligent induction electric door to easily realize the automatic welcoming and driving of the vehicle. Secondly, when the driver takes things for a short time and the space in front of the vehicle is limited, it is not convenient to get on and off, the Aouita 12 can move forward or backward through the RDA function, which perfectly avoids the embarrassment of hitting the wall when opening the door and getting into the car.

　　In addition, through the remote parking RPA function of Aouita 12 and the RDA, it can perfectly cope with all kinds of extreme parking scenes and expand more parking pain scenes. In a word, after the OTA upgrade, the security, convenience and comfort of Aouita 12 in different scenarios have been improved, which can meet the needs of users for smart cars in all scenarios.

　　In the future development, it is believed that Aouita will continue to optimize its algorithm and upgrade its software to unlock more intelligent driving scenarios under the technical empowerment of Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving assistance system ADS 2.0, so that cutting-edge intelligence can redefine the way of life and travel.

At the beginning of October, 2023, the HarmonyOS edition of Aouita 11 launched the "Intelligent Driving Everest Challenge". The total mileage is over 3,376 kilometers, and the altitude difference is as high as 5,000 meters. It took 9 days. Aouita 11 HarmonyOS Edition climbed six mountains with a height of more than 4,000 meters, crossed rivers and rivers, broke through the obstacles of complex terrain, and successfully reached the Everest Base Camp, with a total mileage of 91%.

Obviously, this 3,376-kilometer route from Chongqing to Mount Everest uses a smart driving without high-precision maps. Because at present, only six cities, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Chongqing, have opened the pilot application of high-precision maps, and only Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shanghai have relatively complete high-precision maps. The whole journey from Chongqing to Everest is almost out of the coverage of high-precision maps.

What is the specific performance of 91% of the smart driving?

This challenge began in the mountain city of Chongqing, where there are many cliffs, unpaved roads and thousands of turns, and the road conditions can be described as difficult and dangerous; In addition, unpredictable and complicated situations such as pedestrians or animals passing through, accidents occupying roads, construction road closures, falling rocks and landslides, and high-frequency rainy and foggy weather may occur along the way. These factors jointly construct the "hell-class" working condition of intelligent driving, which extremely tests the capacity limit of intelligent driving system.

Facing the "all-black tunnel", Aouita 11th HarmonyOS Edition has the strength to cope with the situation of occupation of roads, sudden change of light and shade, no lane line and slippery road surface, and has repeatedly taken the initiative to avoid lane change and take over the tunnel construction in the all-black environment of 3 kilometers, so as to truly see clearly, judge accurately and control stably.

Thanks to Huawei’s advanced intelligent driving system ADS 2.0, Aouita 11 has applied BEV fusion sensing algorithm and GOD network based on lidar, which has superior environmental awareness; Even if it passes through the 20-kilometer gravel road in Nujiang Gorge, or even the muddy road without the basic shape of the road at all, the intelligent driving system can still accurately identify the road edge and automatically plan the drivable area, which can be called "both good roads and bad roads can be opened".

In the face of the "Nujiang 72 Turn", the performance of the intelligent driving system is still steady and calm. With strong road perception accuracy and accurate dynamic target tracking ability, Aouita 11 HarmonyOS Edition can automatically slow down before entering the curve and speed up before leaving the curve like an "old driver", and can flexibly avoid the opposite car, and take over the continuous curve with a safe passage of 16 kilometers.

In response to all kinds of dynamic/static, standard/abnormal obstacles on the road, Aouita 11 HarmonyOS Edition has achieved 100% automatic avoidance, and achieved 100% safety with zero mistakes.

According to statistics, the average driving speed of Aouita 11 HarmonyOS version reached 62km/h, the driving power consumption per 100 km was 14.69kWh, and the battery life of "one box of electricity" was 535 km, showing the far-ahead intelligent driving ability and solid and reliable endurance level.

In September, Aouita said that its intelligent driving mileage exceeded 17 million kilometers. After this hellish test, the steady intelligent driving performance of Aouita 11th HarmonyOS Edition in the "Intelligent Driving Challenge" once again confirmed that it has become a map-free NCA, and it is capable and necessary to open it to users in Aouita. Therefore, on October 9th, Aouita announced that it would gradually open the map-free NCA, which would realize intelligent driving without relying on high-precision maps. The specific opening steps are as follows: No map NCA will complete the delivery according to the progress of 6 cities -16 cities-nationwide, and the intelligent driving function of expressway-urban area-parking will be realized nationwide by the end of 2023.

Li Pengcheng, vice president and chief marketing officer of Aouita Science and Technology, said: "From horse-drawn carriages to cars, from refueling to charging, from self-driving to intelligent driving, human travel modes have never stopped evolving; Today, Aouita, as a pioneer, has opened up a new way to enter Tibet, bringing users a more relaxed, labor-saving and green travel experience, which is also the greatest value of this intelligent driving of Mount Everest. "

The Sichuan-Tibet Highway in the "no-brainer’s zone" challenges the intelligent driving without a map, and achieves 91% of the intelligent driving results, which proves that Aouita’s intelligent driving NCA can be developed to users on a large scale, and also proves that Huawei’s ADS 2.0 intelligent driving strength is really superior, and the intelligent driving ability of Aouita 12 HarmonyOS version will also be a big selling point in the future.

　　Wen | Fu Qiongyin, Jiang Yuqi

　　On June 8th, Jay Chou uploaded a prelude to the new song Mojito on his Aauto Quicker account, which is the first time that Aauto Quicker has been used as his own music announcement platform since Jay Chou settled in Aauto Quicker.

　　If we say that this past weekend, Aauto Quicker’s "Ollie Give" advertisement on social platforms made people re-understand Aauto Quicker’s "local culture" to some extent, then earlier Jay Chou settled in and joined hands with Jewel Music, it was a somewhat subversive platform brand "remodeling".

　　So many people who don’t pay attention to Aauto Quicker can’t help asking: Why did Jay Chou choose Aauto Quicker?

　　It is widely believed that behind this hand-in-hand, "Aauto Quicker needs Jay Chou"; But inPoisonous eyes (WeChat ID:youhaoxifilm）It seems that this is a win-win cooperation. Short video platforms represented by Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok are relying on their powerful influence.It stirs up the pattern of the music market and industry, and sometimes even affects the fate of many big companies and musicians.

　　It may be hard to convince people if they just throw out the above point of view. Because in the public’s cognition, when talking about the connection between Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok and music, people may first think of all kinds of "divine comedy" and shouting wheat, which is difficult to relate to mainstream music culture. But in fact, whether at home or overseas, the development of the music industry is increasingly inseparable from the support of short videos.

　　On June 3rd, local time, Warner Music, one of the largest record companies in the world, was officially listed on NASDAQ, and issued 77 million shares. Warner Music’s final stock issue price reached $25, and the closing price on the day of listing was $30.12, up by 20.48%, and the company’s market value also reached $15.3 billion.

　　Warner Music (Source: vision china)

　　According to public information, dozens of internationally renowned investment banks, including Morgan Stanley, have participated in the IPO of Warner Music, so this is the largest IPO in the US stock market this year. Behind Warner Music’s massive "Road to Stock Market Return", TikTok’s overseas version of Tiktok, to some extent, played the role of "Mr. Key".

　　In the prospectus released earlier, Warner Music specifically mentioned the unique opportunities TikTok brought to the music industry, saying that the new digital scale platform can bring advantages and help to the music entertainment industry, providing incremental music services to "diversified young users", creating new music stars, short videos based on music, etc., which are becoming more and more popular on various social media.

　　In fact, as early as 2018, Tik Tok reached a cooperation with Warner on music copyright, so now that Warner is listed again, there are many voices speculating whether it is possible for ByteDance and Warner Music to take the opportunity to build more contacts. However, no matter where the relationship between the two parties will go in the capital level, at the business level, the fate of short video and music industry is already inseparable.

　　Maker of divine comedy

　　After nearly ten years of delisting, Warner Music finally made a comeback.

　　As one of the oldest traditional record companies in the world, Warner Music has enjoyed great scenery in the middle and late last century, and its influence has spread all over the world. However, since entering the new century, the company has been frustrated repeatedly and changed owners twice. Although it was successfully listed in 2005, it had to be privatized by Access Industries in 2011 at a price of $8.25 per share (a total of about $3.3 billion) because of its poor performance.

　　The twists and turns of Warner Music are undoubtedly influenced by the rapid development of the Internet after 2000. The rise of digital music and the weak copyright awareness of the audience made piracy once rampant, and the world’s major physical record markets began to shrink. Many established record companies, including Warner Music and Sony, suffered losses for years.

　　However, this time, it almost "killed" the Internet of record companies, and now it has become the basis for its development. According to the data of Warner Music’s prospectus, the company’s operating income rose from 2.966 billion US dollars to 4.475 billion US dollars in fiscal year 2015-2019, of which the revenue of digital music sector in fiscal year 2019 reached 2.343 billion US dollars, an increase of 16% compared with fiscal year 2018, accounting for 2018.

　　Behind the rapid growth of digital music business of music companies, the contribution of short video platform can not be underestimated.

　　In addition to paying the music company a high copyright fee when using the music library, the biggest function of the short video platform is actually "music with goods". Before 2018, Warner Music’s "Fitz the Tantrums" had never been commercially promoted in Asia, but its song "Hand Clap" was used as BGM by a Korean dance company and became popular on TikTok, which quickly made it famous internationally, and the song also topped the international pop charts in six major music markets around the world.

　　With this kind of "unintentional", Warner Music naturally pays more attention to the promotion work on TikTok. Arisha A Yadea, senior vice president in charge of digital marketing, revealed that Warner Music launched a series of promotional activities in 2019 and achieved success. The popularity of Disturbed’s song "Hold on to Memories" increased sharply in TikTok, and the number of short videos created for BGM increased by 100 times.

　　In fact, not only Warner Music, but also many overseas music companies and musicians have felt the charm of short video platforms in recent years. According to Billboard, an American music magazine, the executives of RCA Records Company promptly followed up the official version of the new songs after discovering that their artists’ songs became popular in TikTok, and then even released new versions of many old songs according to the preferences of TikTok users.

　　In another report of Billboard in 2019, it was mentioned that the rapper Sueco the Child became popular on TikTok because of the popular song Fast, which was used as BGM by 2.7 million TikTok videos in a short period of time, and also won more than 7 million plays on Spotify, an overseas music platform, and Sueco was favored by Atlantic Records and won a paper contract.

　　Regarding this trend, Billboard revealed that,Now many record companies and music creators try to analyze how to make these songs popular through TikTok at the birth stage of a song.

　　Compared with European and American music practitioners, China musicians and companies feel the charm of short video platforms earlier.

　　In 2017, "Divine Comedy" and "We Are Different" became popular in Aauto Quicker with the help of various secondary creations, and even went all the way to Southeast Asia. The number of MV broadcasts on the Internet exceeded 100 million; "Take You to Travel" appeared in many "Tik Tok Love Stories" as BGM, and then ranked fourth in the 2017 Netease Cloud Music Hot List; "Tencent Entertainment White Paper 2017" shows that in the TOP10 online songs in 2017, half of the songs became popular through short video transmission …

　　Source: Tencent Entertainment White Paper 2017

　　In the following two years, from "Mimeowing Cats" to "Desert Camel", from "Ear Seed" to "Teenager", the hot songs on Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok became the most magical existence on the Internet.

　　Many old songs have even turned red under the drive of two platforms, such as "On Earth" sung by Wang Jianfang in 2014, which became one of the hottest songs in Aauto Quicker in 2017; "Panama", which was created in 2013, became popular because the clip was intercepted as "C-mile C-mile Dance", and the Baidu index soared. Miriam Yeung’s "First Kiss" and other old Cantonese songs first became popular on the short video platform, and then triggered a second creative craze.

　　For musicians and companies, the popularity of songs on platforms such as TikTok is definitely not limited to the short video field. Because short video content is easier to spread on social platforms, many authoritative views believe that the appearance of popular short video content is easier to help music content spread to different platforms, and then gain more "willingness to pay" and audiences outside the circle-This is not only applicable to online songs, but also to traditional music content.

　　According to this logic, many domestic stars, music companies and short video platforms have reached cooperation, which actually takes a fancy to the user breadth and "circle expansion ability" of these platforms.

　　Take Jay Chou and Jewell Music holding hands with Aauto Quicker as an example. In the outside world’s cognition, it seems that Aauto Quicker wants to expand the influence of the platform and attract new users by taking advantage of the momentum of the king of heaven. Recently, many fans in Jay Chou have said that they have registered Aauto Quicker for Jay Chou; On the other hand, the degree of overlap between Aauto Quicker fans and Jay Chou fans is not so high, which also means that Jay Chou can use the platform to reach out to more young users.

　　"The increase of Jay Chou’s fans is not too fast compared with his coffee spot." A person close to Aauto Quicker revealed to Poison Eyes that the first video released by Jay Chou on Aauto Quicker broke 40 million in three hours, but at that time its total number of fans was only 2.6 million, and it took a week to break 10 million."This is good data among stars, but it is not high compared with the number of fans in Jay Chou, which is lower than many people’s initial expectations."

　　This conclusion is not surprising.

　　Tencent Music Entertainment Group conducted a user survey on the four platforms of the whole network in Q1, 2019. The results show that Jay Chou is the most popular singer among users from the post-60s to the post-90s, but the post-00s group prefers Joker Xue. According to the statistics of Ai Media Data Center, as of Q3 2019, the proportion of young users under the age of 24 in Aauto Quicker is close to 48%, which explains why the enthusiasm of Aauto Quicker users for Jay Chou is not as high as expected. In addition, it is worth mentioning that Joker Xue, who is deeply loved by the post-00 generation, is the most popular male artist in Tik Tok.

　　Source: Tencent Music Entertainment Group

　　From this point of view, no matter what the real reason and purpose of the cooperation between Aauto Quicker and Jewell Music is, Aauto Quicker has the opportunity to attract the attention of more users who love Jay Chou; For Jay Chou, with the spread and channel advantages of short video platform, it can also expand its influence among "diversified young users" as stated in Warner Music’s prospectus.

　　As a result, this is likely to be a win-win cooperation.

　　Aauto Quicker and Tik Tok are more than divine comedy.

　　In the face of huge music traffic, short video platforms are obviously not willing to be only one channel.

　　As more and more musicians and companies pay attention to the short video platform, it seems to be a natural thing to support the platform’s own original music. On January 19, 2018, Tik Tok officially launched the original music function; Six days later, on January 25th, Tik Tok launched the "Seeing" music program to support original musicians, which was the first time that Tik Tok supported original musicians.

　　In the middle of the same year, Aauto Quicker launched the "Musician Plan" and announced that it would give musicians a real share of money. Aauto Quicker’s "musician" certification threshold is not high, the official said that as long as the creator has published an original work in Aauto Quicker, he can become an officially certified musician.

　　The investment in the head platform has indeed returned gratifying results.

　　Tik Tok’s "Seeing Music in 2018" project has attracted 14,000 musicians to participate in it in one year, and received more than 80,000 original music works, which has inspired 150 million users to shoot videos with related music and helped tens of thousands of Tik Tok musicians to promote new works. It was in this year that the modern brothers who had been in the army for four years became famous with the help of Tik Tok, and then they had the opportunity to board various variety shows such as Everyday, Golden Melody Fishing and so on.

　　The tilt of the platform in terms of traffic and resources has also pushed singers to focus on the short video platform from another dimension, and more and more Chinese singers have begun to choose the short video platform as a publicity channel. After 2018, Wu Yifan, Lu Han, Tiger Hu, Guo Caijie and other singers have successively publicized and released new songs in Aauto Quicker or Tik Tok, and Wang Leehom even chose Tik Tok as the exclusive launching platform of the single "Nanjing, Nanjing".

　　For this reason, after entering 2019, the competition in the field of music between Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker will become increasingly fierce.

　　First, the two sides chose to overweight their respective musicians’ support plans. Tik Tok announced the "Seeing Music Plan in 2019" in January, adding interactive rules of cover, and customizing the creative content for music in the form of semi-proposition; In the same year, Aauto Quicker announced that it would jointly launch the "2019 Music Wildfire Plan" with QQ Music, Cool Dog Music, Cool Me Music and National K Songs to support musicians from the aspects of traffic, promotion and realization.

　　"2019 Music Primordial Plan" site

　　"TikTok itself is not a music promotion product, but in the process of users creating and spreading short videos, it has a very significant impact on the promotion of music." In 2019, the person in charge of ByteDance Music Cooperation told Bloomberg Businessweek that in overseas markets, TikTok has also launched plans to support independent musicians in Japan and South Korea, and intends to cooperate with record companies around the world to promote distribution.

　　Another battlefield is the struggle for copyright. For the growing short video platform, it is obviously not enough to rely solely on the song supply of its original musicians. If we lose the right to use part of the trump card copyright, the short video platform is equivalent to cooking without rice. Therefore, the competition between Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker for the copyright owner of the head is becoming more and more fierce.

　　According to media reports, Aauto Quicker and Tencent Music Entertainment Group have reached an in-depth cooperation in copyright. Tencent’s 35 million genuine songs have not only been docked with Aauto Quicker and entered its BGM music library, but also Aauto Quicker’s Aauto Quicker Extreme Edition, Station A, Fast Shadow and Sweet Camera can be used. At the same time, according to 36kr news, Tik Tok and Tencent Music Entertainment Group have reached a music licensing cooperation at the end of 2019.

　　In such a competitive situation, Jay Chou holding hands with Aauto Quicker may just be the beginning of deep cooperation between top singers and short video platforms. According to Poison Eye, although in the evaluation of short video platform, there are few legendary top singers like Jay Chou in the whole industry, on the whole, the platform will continue to introduce some influential top singers and launch more in-depth music project cooperation.

　　In the near future, there is still much room for imagination in the music business on short video platforms, such as online Live.

　　The impact of the epidemic has accelerated the development of online performances, and also enabled the short video platform to open up the chain from music announcement, interaction to online performances. By the end of April, Tik Tok had hosted more than 80 live DOULive broadcasts, in which singers such as Greeny, Wilber Pan, Ar Fi and ELLA participated. Aauto Quicker also co-planned several online concerts with UCCA Ullens Center for Contemporary Art and National Centre for the Performing Arts.

　　In the eyes of many insiders, short video has become an indispensable position in the music industry. On the one hand, users have the opportunity to deeply participate in the process of song consumption, resulting in a large number of secondary creative content including cover, gesture dance, dance, performance and so on; On the other hand, the platform also helps the original songs to be strongly exposed, and to some extent alleviates the situation that the online hot songs "songs are not hot".

　　In addition, the short video platform has reconstructed the whole music ecology, a large number of music companies have risen, and various online hot songs have emerged one after another. Now, there have been many companies that specialize in making divine comedy for the two platforms.

　　The music story among content companies, musicians, broadcast platforms and short video platforms may just begin.

　　References:

　　Tiktok is rewriting how hits get made Source: Billboard

　　□ Our reporter Luo Shasha □ Our correspondent Ding Jin

　　In recent years, with the continuous development of the e-sports industry, some lawless elements have set their eyes on e-sports and surrounding derivative projects in order to gain high illegal interests. A 14-member criminal gang headed by Gong and Liu set up an e-sports company, developed an e-sports game App, and opened a casino in the name of "Bounty Tournament". In just three months, the gambling money involved was as high as 8.6 million yuan.

　　On June 14th, 2023, the People’s Procuratorate of gusu district, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province filed a public prosecution, and the court sentenced 14 people, including Gong, Liu, Deng and Li, to prison terms ranging from five years and three months to one year and six months, and fined them ranging from 50,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan. Some of them were suspended. He was ordered to withdraw more than 1 million yuan of illegal income and confiscated more than 100 tools such as computers and mobile phones. At present, the judgment has come into effect.

　　In August, 2021, Xiao Liu, a college student who lives in gusu district, Suzhou, got a short live video of "Bounty Tournament". According to the anchor, this game App called "Meet Me" contains all kinds of popular mobile games. If you win in the random pairing game, you can win the bonus, and you can withdraw it through the App.

　　Not only can you play games, but you can also get money if you win? Xiao Liu, who was very excited, quickly downloaded, registered and logged in, and found that to participate in the "prize-winning battle", he had to recharge the diamond in the App as an "admission fee". Xiao Liu has recharged 100 diamonds and transferred to the entrance of a shooting mobile game that he often plays through the platform to participate in the battle. The so-called "bonus" is the sum of the "admission fees" of him and other players. Although he won 100 diamonds in the end, 30 diamonds were automatically taken away by the platform. Under the reminder of a friend, Xiao Liu realized that the platform was involved in gambling, so he immediately uninstalled the App and called 110.

　　After receiving the report, the public security organ filed a case for investigation. The police found that Xiao Liu’s recharge funds flowed to an e-sports company in Chengdu, and a total of 14 suspects including the company’s head Gong, management Liu, App development and promotion and financial personnel were locked up. In September 2021, with the cooperation of the Chengdu police, the police arrested all the suspects and brought them to justice, and the "Mutual Help" App was immediately forced to stop.

　　After investigation, Gong and his friend Liu partnered to open a network technology company, which faced losses due to poor operation. One day, when Gong accidentally saw an e-sports game advertisement of "winning the game and earning a bonus", he wanted to develop an App to explode the popularity of mobile games and use the "bonus" gimmick to attract traffic. The company only needed to sit and enjoy the draw.

　　Later, Gong persuaded five people, including Liu, to use the state’s support policies for the e-sports industry to register and establish Encounter E-sports Co., Ltd. and obtain the e-sports business license. The business scope includes sports competition organization, animation game development, sports event planning and other e-sports related content. Gong is the actual controller of the company, and Liu and other five people are the shareholders of the company. After joint discussion, they instructed five technicians, including Li and Ma, to develop the "Mutual Help" App, which was officially launched in June 2021. The company’s employees, Deng Mou and Huang Mou, used the online platform to promote the "Bounty Tournament" as a gimmick to attract players to download the App. After registration, they recharged through WeChat and Alipay and bought diamonds as virtual coins. After the user pays the prescribed equivalent virtual currency, the platform randomly pairs into the game, and the winner wins all the rewards and cashes out through App. The company draws profits according to the proportion of shooting mobile games 30% and pushing tower mobile games 20%, and financial staff Xu is responsible for fund settlement. After verification, the App has been in operation for 3 months, and the registered users have reached 2.6 million, and the user’s recharge amount has exceeded 10 million yuan.

　　In November 2021, six management personnel, including Gong Mou and Liu Mou, were arrested by the gusu district Procuratorate on suspicion of opening a casino, and eight technical, promotion and financial personnel, including Li Mou, Deng Mou and Xu Mou, were criminally compulsory on bail pending trial. It was found through trial that from June to September, 2021, 14 people, including Gong and Liu, organized players to participate in online gambling through App. The gambling money involved was as high as 8.6 million yuan, and the profit from it was more than 1 million yuan, which constituted the crime of opening a casino.

　　"The company has a legal e-sports license, ‘ Meet each other ’ App is similar to JJ landlord, how can it be regarded as opening a casino? " In January 2022, the case was transferred for review and prosecution. Gong and Liu tried to cover up the facts of the crime and insisted that they were engaged in legal and compliant e-sports business.

　　According to the review of the procuratorate, the "Mutual Encounter Help" App provides users with a recharge channel for converting cash into virtual currency and a withdrawal channel for converting virtual currency into money again. Users can bet virtual currency as a chip, and the companies involved are drawn from the amount bet by each game player. The resulting user recharge and withdrawal are drawn from the companies involved, which correspond to the "up and down" links of gambling respectively, and belong to online gambling activities.

　　"In fact, as long as it meets ‘ Money goes in and money goes out, winning or losing is random ’ This gambling feature can constitute the crime of opening a casino, ‘ E-sports ’ Camouflage is just self-deception. " Undertaking the introduction of prosecutor Liu Ben. In fact, along with the bloody e-sports competition, there were criminals who developed the e-sports quiz App, which allowed players to recharge and bet, and the platform settled and cashed out. In essence, it opened an online casino under the banner of e-sports quiz, which once attracted many players to indulge in it. In contrast, the "mutual encounter" App uses "playing games and winning bounty" as a cover and puts on a "legal coat", which is more confusing and tempting. Young people who love e-sports games, especially students at school, have weak discrimination ability, and are easy to fall into this kind of well-disguised trap, breaking the law without knowing it, so we should take a warning and be vigilant.

　　How can we stay away from this kind of online gambling trap? The procuratorate reminded that buying chips to bet, winning or losing determines the income and can be exchanged for cash. As long as these three characteristics are met, whether it is chess, mobile games or other forms, it is already suspected of gambling violations. The masses must improve their discriminating ability, put an end to luck, download and log in games through official platforms and formal channels, don’t trust online advertisements and private recommendations, and don’t click on links that come from unknown sources. Once illegal activities such as gambling are found, they should take the initiative to refuse and report them immediately. Never believe gimmicks such as "generous bonuses" and "one-second cash withdrawal", otherwise they may be bankrupt, heavily in debt, and may be investigated for legal responsibility.

Carman Lee’s Classic Stills of The Condor Heroes

1905 movie network news There have been many versions of the TV series "The Condor Heroes". If someone asks you which version of "The Condor Heroes" is your favorite, what would you say?

Eight versions of The Condor Heroes

In 1976, Li Tongming played the little dragon girl, and Luo Lelin played Yang Guo. This is the oldest edition, and most young people have never seen it, but the old play of bones is still worth remembering. Come on! Feel a wave of old play bones when I was young.

Li Tongming plays the little dragon girl, and Luo Lelin plays Yang Guo (right: TVB’s old play bone Luo Lelin).

The second edition, starring Andy Lau and Chen Yulian in 1983, once set a record in Hong Kong, but Andy Lau was buried in the snow after refusing to sign TVB’s five-year contract. Chen Yulian, the "little dragon girl", and Chow Yun Fat had a love affair for five years, which ended in nothing.

At that time, Andy Lau was really tender.

In the third edition of The Condor Heroes in 1984, Pan Yingzi played the little dragon girl and Meng Fei played Yang Guo. Maybe you haven’t heard their names, but the photos below may have been seen.

　Pan Yingzi and Meng Fei in golden couple (right: Pan Yingzi)

In 1998, The Condor Heroes was also the most questioned version, starring Jacklyn Wu and Richie Jen. This edition has more modern elements and less charm of costume films, so the audience’s evaluation is not high.

　Jacklyn Wu has worked with stars such as Leslie Cheung, Andy Lau, Jacky Cheung and Stephen Chow.

Fan Wenfang and Li Mingshun starred in The Condor Heroes in 1998. At that time, Fan Wenfang had the reputation of "the first beauty in Singapore", and her little dragon girl surprised many people. In 2009, she married Li Mingshun, the actor of Yang Guo, and got married outside the play. Their love became a much-told story.

In 2009, the marriage of Fan Wenfang and Li Mingshun became a story.

In 2006, many people have seen The Condor Heroes starring Liu Yifei and Huang Xiaoming. Liu Yifei’s face value and Huang Xiaoming’s acting skills won the hearts of many audiences.

　Classic stills of The Condor Heroes by Liu Yifei and Huang Xiaoming.

The latest 2014 version of The Condor Heroes, starring Chen Xiao and Michelle Chen, is written by the screenwriter. This version of Michelle Chen’s style has been vomited by the audience, and her name of "Xiaolongbao" comes from the style of this play.

Michelle Chen’s "Xiaolongbao" shape vomited by the audience

There are so many editions of The Condor Heroes introduced earlier, and I think everyone has found that one edition has been missed. This edition is the most acclaimed and recognized classic, and the 1995 edition of The Condor Heroes starring Carman Lee and Louis Koo will bring back many people’s memories now. Douban scored 8.9, and it is not difficult to see that this edition is still very popular with everyone.

I just want to say that the "Guo Er" at that time was so naughty.

The theme song of this edition of "The Condor Heroes" is also well-known and can be called a classic.

Continental theme song: "Return to Come"

Some lyrics:

Ah, you can pick up the afterglow of ups and downs

Ah, keep the moment open for you forever

Ah, you can pick up the afterglow of ups and downs

Ah, keep the moment open for you forever

China Hong Kong Edition Theme Song:Myth and love story

Some lyrics:

Love is happy, sad, intoxicated and emotional.

Or as a legend in the future.

Love is a Covenant, a habit, time and white hair.

I’m surprised and happy to call you, too.

When you hear these two songs, which scene of The Condor Heroes will remind you of? Look at the reply from netizens:

The response of netizens when they heard "Return to Come"

The response of netizens when they heard "Fairy Tales"

Review the image of being "disgusted" by netizens. Did mom and dad cover your eyes when you saw Yin Zhiping "defile" your aunt?

Yin Zhiping "defiled" her aunt’s picture.

On 15th, Carman Lee, which has been keeping a low profile, suddenly opened Weibo, and wrote: "I finally opened Weibo! Ha ha ha … ". Let’s talk in detail about what happened to my "aunt" who has been away from the screen for many years.　

Carman Lee opens Weibo account.

Carman Lee, a Hong Kong actress in China, whose father is a worker and her mother is a full-time wife. She ranks seventh among ten children. When she was a child, her neighbors would gossip because she looked like a hybrid. When she was a child, Carman Lee once thought that she was picked up by her parents.

Carman Lee family photo

Carman Lee childhood photo

Carman Lee did well when she grew up, but she didn’t go to college for love. Before becoming an actress, she was a flight attendant. (The picture below shows Carman Lee’s uniform of the same year, please fill it by yourself. ) She had never studied acting, and was discovered by a talent scout by chance. At that time, scouting was popular. Ruby Lin, Gao Yuanyuan, Liang Yongqi, Ehan Juan, Chun Wu, Michele Monique Reis, Maggie Cheung, Cherie Chung, Guan Zhilin and Chen Huixian were all discovered by scouting in the street.

It is reported that Carman Lee wore this uniform when she was a flight attendant.

After being discovered by a talent scout, Carman Lee shot his first advertisement in 1990, and in the same year, he made a guest appearance as a classmate of Joey Wong in the movie "Romantic Killing Freemen" starring Yam Tat-wah and Joey Wong. While filming this movie, Carman Lee hurt his knee and cried while taking a shower. At that time, Carman Lee was still a little "baby fat", but she once admitted on the show that she missed herself very much.

Carman Lee made a guest appearance as a classmate of Joey Wong in "Romantic Killing Freemen".

In 1992, Carman Lee was discovered by director Tsui Hark, and after some tests, she was chosen to play the role of Erzi Luo in the film. With distinctive facial features and outstanding temperament, she left a deep impression on people, and it seems that she will be open-minded in the future. But at that time, Carman Lee was not interested in being a star. He didn’t want to be an actor, but wanted to be a nurse, but he couldn’t realize this wish for fear of blood. On the other hand, now, how many people are determined to be stars with the determination of "breaking their heads and bleeding". In the past, actors acted because they loved drama, but now some stars act because of "money".

Carman Lee’s stills in the movie Monster City.

In 1993, there was a reversal. The airline in Carman Lee refused to let her rest when she was ill. Then she resigned and entered the entertainment industry. In the same year, she signed a contract with Du Qifeng Company to shoot a film in the mainland for four months. The film "Burning Red Lotus Temple" made her formally enter the entertainment industry. At that time, she chose to leave Hong Kong for another reason, that is, she was lovelorn. Carman Lee, who just entered the entertainment circle, had a hard time. She once recalled: "Nobody cares about you when you are injured. Nobody cares about you when you are injured. You have to do whatever I tell you to do. I feel uncomfortable and I feel unfair. I didn’t do anything wrong, because you may have to find someone to take the blame, so you will find me, and you will find this new person. You also have something unclear. I feel very bitter and I feel very wronged. "

Carman Lee officially entered the entertainment industry with "Burning Red Lotus Temple"

Carman Lee, who had been filming for four months, didn’t want to act because she was too bitter, but her friend told her that she should give herself another chance and try again. If she really didn’t like it, she wouldn’t do it. Carman Lee tried again. In 1994, he starred in the movie "An Ordinary Sunday", and in the same year.

After 1994, Carman Lee liked acting.

In 1995, Carman Lee starred in the costume drama "The Condor Heroes", which became popular all over the country, and the title of "Aunt" accompanied her all her life. At that time, the producer showed Mr. Jin Yong a photo of Carman Lee. After seeing the photo, Jin Yong said that she (Carman Lee) was the little dragon girl in her mind. It is reported that at that time, Carman Lee read the script all night, read the novel several times, and found the materials of The Condor Heroes to study. During filming, she was often injured and bruised because of many action scenes, but Carman Lee persisted and created the most classic "aunt" image.

Stills of Louis Koo and Carman Lee in The Condor Heroes

In 1996, Carman Lee cooperated with Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Jordan chan, and in the same year, he played another play of Jin Yong, Tian Long Ba Bu, in which he played Wang Yuyan who dared to love and hate. Later, Carman Lee appeared in such works as Face-to-Face, Fate to the Family, Strange Tales, Young Women, Chou-heung, and Returning home like a rainbow.

Carman Lee plays Wang Yuyan who dares to love and hate in "Dragon"

After 2004, Carman Lee faded out of the screen for love. In 2009, Carman Lee’s father suffered a stroke, and he lost his ability to take care of himself. He couldn’t walk or eat. However, under her careful care, his father was successfully discharged from the hospital. Unfortunately, it was not long before his father died, and Carman Lee spent the last time with him. After his father’s death, Carman Lee often went home and put his experience and time on his family. Carman Lee’s mother likes playing mahjong, and once joked about recruiting a son-in-law to find someone who can play mahjong.

Carman Lee and mother.

At the same time, Carman Lee’s boyfriend Guo Yingquan, who had been in love for ten years, broke up with her, and Carman Lee, who was "love first", suffered a double blow. At that time, Carman Lee suffered from depression for a time, and it took two and a half years of medication to recover. The recovery of illness is inseparable from the care of Carman Lee’s mother. My mother once wrote a letter to Carman Lee: "Dear daughter, it is my happiest to have you as a daughter in my life. Thank you for always taking care of my parents and family, including taking care of my aunt’s daughter as your own, and never letting up. You only want to pay for your life without asking for anything. I am really proud to have your daughter. I have no regrets in my life. I hope you are healthy and happy. This is my only one."

Carman Lee cried when she heard her mother’s letter.

Carman Lee’s boyfriend, Guo Yingquan, is a businessman. They started dating in 1998. In 2008, Guo Yingquan asked for a breakup, and their ten-year relationship ended. Up to now, Carman Lee, who is single, revealed that she had been in love, but all of them ended in failure.

Carman Lee and her boyfriend Guo Yingquan.

Carman Lee, who loves acting, returned to the screen in 2013 and made a TV series. In 2014, Carman Lee said that Guo Er and his aunt had not seen each other for 16 years in The Condor Heroes. In real life, she and Louis Koo had not seen each other for 16 years. When they met again at the airport, Louis Koo called her "aunt" and she replied "Ah, Guo Er". It’s still you who’s going around. Coincidentally, you haven’t seen it in 16 years in and out of the play.

Carman Lee Louis Koo took a group photo at the time.

Carman Lee Louis Koo’s plays have not been seen for 16 years.

In 2015, Carman Lee participated in the movie "The Tomb of the Butterfly", and in 2017, he also appeared in the TV series "Breaking the Sky" and "Hitom Through the Rain and Rouge".

Carman Lee stills of "Butterfly Tomb"

Such a video circulated on the Internet is a variety show jointly attended by Carman Lee and Kimi. At that time, Kimi was blindfolded and guessed the goddess next to her by the guest’s prompt, and Carman Lee was standing next to her. Kimi also joked: "Aunt, I have an exam tomorrow. Please call me twice and let me pass." Now things are man-made, and people can’t help feeling.

Carman Lee and Kimi participated in the variety show.

It’s been three days since Carman Lee opened Weibo. The number of her fans has exceeded 200,000, the number of the first Weibo comments has reached 27,000, and the number of likes has reached 280,000. The popularity of "Aunt" Carman Lee can be seen. Today, she also sent her own fitness photo in Weibo, saying, "The gym is the place where I have signed in for many years, and it has been a habit for more than ten years."

Screenshot of Carman Lee Weibo

Carman Lee fitness photo

From Carman Lee’s Weibo, it is not difficult to see that she is a person who likes Xiao Zhenxing. As she said, what she yearns for is a quiet and happy life. After many years, "Aunt" came back, and the fans didn’t forget her, and she didn’t forget us. This is really something to be thankful for.

　　Data Map: On December 3, 2019, the 2019WUCG Sanya E-sports Festival opened in the sailing port of Sanya Mid-Levels Peninsula, Hainan. E-sports teams from 16 countries including China, the United States, South Korea, Malaysia and Spain gathered together and will be launched to the global champions of League of Legends, DOTA2, the glory of the king, Hearthstone and the king of fighters 14. The picture shows the team of Jimei University in China playing League of Legends. China News Service reporter Luo Yunfei photo

　　BEIJING, April 24th (Xing Rui) The topic "Wang Sicong spends 666 yuan an hour as a sparring partner in the game" has recently caused a heated discussion among netizens in Weibo. While watching "eating melons", many people are also curious about the profession of "game sparring".

　　With the rapid development of e-sports industry, many new occupations have been born. E-sports anchors and professional players have gradually entered the public’s field of vision and are no longer unfamiliar. In the past two years, the e-sports sparring teacher, which has gradually emerged, seems to be "mysterious" a lot.

　　Spend 3 million to find a sparring partner

　　"E-sports sparring instructor", as its name implies, is paid to accompany others to play games. In terms of industry terminology, the customers served by sparring instructors are called "bosses". If you are willing to spend 666 yuan to find Wang Sicong as a sparring partner, then you will become his "boss".

　　Open the game sparring platform where Wang Sicong is located. The price of sparring on it ranges from ten yuan to tens of yuan per hour. It is not difficult to see that Wang Sicong’s fee of 666 yuan is far higher than the general price of game sparring on this platform.

　　Wang Sicong entered a platform as a "game sparring teacher".

　　As the saying goes, "there will be a market if there is demand", and the part-time game sparring of "national husband" actually reflects the demand of many young people for "finding someone to play games with me".

　　According to an industry data previously released by the game sparring website, in 2019, more than 27 million players searched for "Great God" to accompany them to play games, and about 68% of them were "post-95 s".

　　There is no doubt that "finding game sparring" has become a trend of entertainment for this year’s e-sports youth. For their favorite video games, many users have shown amazing spending power. Take the above-mentioned platform as an example. Last year, the "Golden Master Dad" with the highest order consumption spent a total of 3.08 million yuan to find someone to play games with him. During the period from January 24th to February 29th this year, a 22-year-old boy from Shanghai spent more than 1500 yuan a day on average, and found 12 "great gods" to accompany him to play 1850 games.

　　Data Map: On December 3, 2019, in the e-sports education center of Changchun Health Vocational College, students practiced the popular e-sports games in the classroom, while teachers taught the skills of game operation. The major of e-sports and management opened in September 2018 requires students to study more than 20 courses in three years, and e-sports training is one of them. China News Service reporter Zhang Yao photo

　　Millions of people’s "new rice bowls"

　　The blowout consumer demand naturally attracted a large number of e-sports enthusiasts to start the career of sparring. According to statistics, a game sparring APP attracted 2.9 million game sparring players last year, and 1.29 million of them made money by sharing game skills. The average monthly income of full-time sparring is as high as 7857 yuan, and the average monthly income of part-time sparring is 2929 yuan.

　　In the e-sports industry, it has become a consensus that e-sports game sparring instructors can earn money, and some sparring instructors at the top of the pyramid can even make a fortune through this profession. Earlier, some media reported that a senior game sparring teacher in his early 20 s earned millions of dollars by playing games with others and paid off his mortgage.

　　Age distribution of game gods released by a platform.

　　Although not every e-sports sparring instructor can achieve the "small goal" of earning 100,000 yuan a month, realistically speaking, this profession has at least become a personalized profession with the opportunity to get a high salary.

　　In addition, game sparring may also become the longest career in the e-sports circle. On the platform of game sparring in Wang Sicong, the average age of game gods is 23.27, and the oldest is 39. Compared with the trend of younger e-sports anchors, it seems that the age requirements of players for e-sports sparring instructors are not too harsh.

　　"Game sparring" also has official certification.

　　In 2019, the E-sports Branch of China Communication Industry Association issued the "Standards for E-sports Trainers in China" after the profession of game sparring was sought after by more and more people. This means that "e-sports sparring instructor" has been officially recognized as a professional skill, and game sparring has officially become a nationally recognized and controlled profession.

　　In this document, e-sports sparring instructors are divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and advanced. In order to obtain vocational skill certification, they need to pass theoretical knowledge examination and skill assessment, and both of them are qualified with a score of 60 (100%) or above.

　　E-sports sparring instructor certification platform.

　　Although e-sports sparring teachers have the qualification certification standards, some game sparring platforms do not require their sparring gods to pass the skill certification assessment. It’s just that the price of certified game play is higher than that of ordinary play.

　　It is reported that the total number of registered e-sports sparring instructors (including the names predicted by various channels) is about 50,000, and the number of people who have passed the examination is about 2,500-3,000. Although the above data has not been confirmed by official channels, it can at least help people to establish a basic judgment, that is, it may not be as easy as expected to get a paper certificate, and excellent game sparring is only a few people.

　　The sadness behind glamour

　　It is undeniable that there are "big coffees" in this industry that can earn 100,000 yuan a month by playing games with people, but these people are only rare in the circle. In contrast, many ordinary game sparring partners are far less capital and confidence than Wang Sicong’s asking price of 666 yuan an hour.

　　On a game sparring platform, a large number of sparring instructors have never received a single business since they settled in. In the highly competitive industry, an excellent sparring instructor not only has superb game skills, but also shows good comprehensive quality in emotional intelligence and communication skills. As a full-time sparring instructor, playing games may soon become a repetitive, boring and mechanical labor.

　　Data Map: On August 23, 2019, the 2019 Hong Kong Computer Communication Festival opened at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center. The theme of this year’s Computer Festival is "Technology improves life and creates infinite possibilities", and many well-known brands in the information industry participated. The picture shows many e-sports players participating in the e-sports competition. China News Service reporter Zhang Yushe

　　In the face of mixed players, some game sparring will also encounter "bosses" with impure purposes and bad luck. In the final analysis, e-sports sparring instructor is also a kind of service industry, and the demand for social interaction has been running through it. When the appearance and voice have also become factors for players to consider when placing orders, higher requirements have been put forward for the supervision of the industry.

　　As a brand-new profession, the development of "e-sports sparring instructor" is undoubtedly still in its infancy. Behind it, it is not as glamorous as imagined. Some people earn millions a year, while others get nothing. Even if you are full of love for e-sports, the way of a sparring teacher is by no means that you can go.