Report of the Law Committee of the National People’s Congress on the results of deliberation on the proposal submitted by the deputies of the presidium of the third session of the 12th National People

The NPC Standing Committee:

????The presidium of the Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress submitted 147 bills to the Legal Committee for deliberation, involving 45 legislative items and 1 legislative work. Among them, 111 laws were proposed to be amended, involving 24 legislative projects; 33 laws were proposed, involving 19 legislative projects; Two decisions on legal issues were proposed, involving two legislative projects; One suggestion on strengthening legislative interpretation.

????The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee attach great importance to the handling of bills in accordance with the requirements of giving full play to the main role of NPC deputies in legislative work. First, strengthen the combination of bill handling and legislative work, and integrate bill handling into all aspects of legislative work. Second, when adjusting the legislative plan and compiling the annual legislative plan, carefully study the legislative items proposed by the representative motion, and include seven separate tax laws, such as the compilation of the civil code and the environmental protection tax law, in the adjusted legislative plan. Third, broaden the channels for deputies to participate in legislative work, and invite relevant representatives, especially those who put forward proposals, to participate in the pre-adoption evaluation meeting of the draft amendment to the Criminal Law (IX) and the draft amendment to the Advertising Law; During the formulation of the national security law, the revision of the food safety law, the air pollution prevention law and the law on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, relevant representatives were invited to participate in legislative research, demonstration and other activities, and their opinions and suggestions were carefully absorbed. Fourth, strengthen contact with the representatives who put forward the bill, conduct in-depth and meticulous communication, introduce the progress of relevant legislative work and the adoption of the opinions put forward, and fully explain and explain the opinions that have not been adopted.

????The Law Committee held a meeting on November 27th to consider 147 bills one by one. The review results are reported as follows:

????1. Ten legislative items involved in 73 bills have been deliberated and passed by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).

????1. Eight proposals on amending the local organization law.

????2. Three bills on amending the electoral law.

????3. Three bills on amending the Representative Law.

????On August 29th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on amending the local organization law, election law and representative law. Most of the suggestions put forward in the motion on amending the local organization law, such as clarifying the responsibilities of the presidium of the township people’s congress during the intersessional period, increasing the number of members of the county-level people’s congress standing Committee, increasing the provision that the county-level people’s congress can set up special committees such as the legal Committee and the financial and economic Committee as needed, and increasing the provision that the standing committees of cities and municipal districts without districts can set up people’s congress working institutions in the streets; Some suggestions put forward in the motion on amending the electoral law, such as improving the mechanism for examining the qualifications of deputies, publishing the list of elected representatives by the election committee or the presidium of the people’s congress, and accepting the supervision of the masses; Some suggestions put forward in the proposal to amend the law on deputies, such as strengthening the protection and supervision of deputies’ performance of their duties, have been stipulated in the amendment decision. Other proposals put forward in the motion, some of which are required in relevant documents forwarded by the CPC Central Committee, some of which can be clarified by local laws and regulations, and some of which need to be solved by strengthening and improving relevant work.

????4. Two bills on amending the National Security Law.

????The new national security law was adopted by the 15th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on July 1st, 2015. The main proposals put forward in the motion, such as amending the original national security law according to the requirements of the overall national security concept, expanding the definition of national security, and incorporating the public security system into the national security law, have been made in the new national security law.

????5. Five proposals on amending the advertising law.

????The revised advertising law was adopted by the 14th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on April 24th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as strengthening the punishment of false advertisements, further strictly restricting tobacco advertisements, strengthening the protection of minors in advertising activities, strengthening the regulation of online advertising behavior, strengthening the legal responsibility of advertising spokespersons, further increasing the punishment of illegal advertisements published by radio, television, newspapers and other news media, strengthening the supervision responsibility of advertising supervision and management organs, increasing the punishment of illegal advertisements, and increasing the principles and norms on public service advertisements, have been made in the revised advertising law.

????6. Five proposals on amending the Food Safety Law.

????The revised Food Safety Law was adopted by the 14th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on April 24th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as strengthening the source control of the quality and safety of agricultural products, improving food safety standards, improving the requirements of food labeling and labeling, clarifying the supervision department of centralized disinfection units for tableware, improving the supervision of health food, strengthening the protection of children’s food safety, and giving play to the role of industry self-discipline in ensuring food safety, have been stipulated in the revised food safety law.

????7. Six proposals on amending the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution.

????The revised air pollution prevention law was adopted by the 16th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on August 29th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as increasing the prohibition of pollutant discharge from ships, implementing measures such as shore-based power supply for motor boats and using low-sulfur oil, increasing the prohibition of burning fallen leaves, weeds and straws, and improving the system of atmospheric environmental information disclosure and public participation, have been made in the revised air pollution prevention and control law.

????8. Six proposals on amending the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements

????On August 29th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on amending the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as adding the definitions of "scientific and technological achievements" and "post-scientific and technological achievements" and further improving the standards of rewards and remuneration for scientific and technological personnel, have been stipulated in the revised Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements; The specific preferential tax measures for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the part-time remuneration of scientific and technological personnel serving as leading cadres have all been stipulated in principle.

????9. 34 bills on amending the Criminal Law.

????Amendment IX to the Criminal Law was adopted at the 16th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on August 29th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as increasing the punishment for the crime of buying abducted women and children, and canceling the provision of not investigating criminal responsibility; Abolish the crime of whoring with young girls; Revise the conviction and sentencing standards of corruption and bribery crimes and add life imprisonment; Increase the crime of assaulting police; Perfecting the provisions for punishing terrorist activities has been made in the ninth amendment to the Criminal Law. Other suggestions put forward in the motion, such as the imprisonment of "drug driving" and the addition of the crime of infringing on the right of new plant varieties, will continue to be carefully studied by the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee in the future legislative work.

????10. A proposal on establishing a public interest litigation system by procuratorial organs.

????On July 1, 2015, the 15th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on authorizing the Supreme People’s Procuratorate to carry out pilot work of public interest litigation in some areas. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will study the revision of relevant laws according to the pilot work and suggestions from relevant parties.

????2. Four legislative items involved in eight motions have been submitted to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation.

????11. A bill on the formulation of the Law on National Medal and National Honorary Title.

????The draft Law on National Medal and National Honorary Title has been considered for the first time at the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and has been submitted to the Standing Committee for the second consideration at this meeting. The main suggestions put forward in the motion have been carefully studied and absorbed during the drafting and deliberation of the draft law.

????12. Five proposals on formulating cyber security laws.

????The draft cyber security law has been considered for the first time by the 15th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). During the drafting of the draft, the suggestions put forward in the motion were carefully studied and absorbed, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further study with relevant parties in the deliberation and revision of the draft cyber security law.

????13. One proposal on formulating an asset appraisal law.

????The draft asset appraisal law has been reviewed by the 25th meeting of the 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the 4th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and the 16th meeting respectively. In the three deliberation drafts, the suggestions put forward in the proposal were carefully studied and absorbed, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further study in the deliberation and revision of the draft asset appraisal law together with relevant parties.

????14. One proposal on formulating the management law of overseas NGOs.

????The draft law on the management of overseas NGOs has been reviewed twice by the 12th and 14th meetings of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). In the second deliberation draft, the suggestions put forward in the motion were carefully studied and absorbed, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further study with relevant parties in the deliberation and revision of the draft law on the management of overseas NGOs.

????Three legislative items involved in three or five motions have been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????15. One proposal on formulating the general principles of civil law.

????The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the bill in the compilation of the Civil Code. The formulation of general principles of civil law has been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????16. Three bills on amending the Administrative Reconsideration Law.

????At present, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council is studying and drafting the revised draft of the Administrative Reconsideration Law. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will seriously study the proposals put forward in the motion together with the the State Council Legislative Affairs Office and other departments. The revision of the Administrative Reconsideration Law has been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????17. 1 proposal on accelerating the implementation of the statutory principle of taxation.

????According to the requirement of "implementing the statutory principle of taxation" decided by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Implementation Opinions on Implementing the statutory principle of taxation, which was approved by the CPC Central Committee, clearly stated that if new taxes are levied, the corresponding tax laws should be formulated through the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee; Specific arrangements have been made for the time when the current 15 tax regulations will be revised into laws or abolished, and efforts will be made to complete them all by 2020; After all tax regulations are raised to laws or abolished, they shall be submitted to the National People’s Congress for annulment of relevant authorization decisions. At present, environmental protection tax law, value-added tax law, resource tax law, real estate tax law, tariff law, tonnage tax law, farmland occupation tax law and tax collection and management law (revised) have been included in the adjusted 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will actively do a good job in relevant tax legislation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law. The formulation of environmental protection tax law, real estate tax law, ship tonnage tax law, tobacco tax law and revision of tax collection and management law have been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????Four, seven legislative items involved in 20 bills have been included in the 12 th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan and are being drafted or studied for revision.

????18. Two proposals on starting the compilation of the Civil Code.

????19. Six bills on amending the General Principles of Civil Law, Property Law and Guarantee Law.

????20. One proposal on unifying the compensation standard for road traffic accident death.

????21. Three bills on amending the Marriage Law.

????22. Two proposals on amending the law of succession.

????The compilation of the Civil Code has been included in the adjusted 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan, and the Legislative Affairs Commission is stepping up its research and drafting work. Regarding the suggestions made in the bill, the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study and make overall consideration in the compilation of the Civil Code.

????23. Five proposals on enacting anti-corruption laws.

????With regard to anti-corruption legislation, the revision of the Administrative Supervision Law and the enactment of the International Criminal Judicial Assistance Law have been included in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????24. One proposal on the formulation of a criminal victim compensation law.

????The formulation of the law on assistance to criminal victims has been included in the 12th legislative plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and the Legal Affairs Committee is stepping up research and drafting. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will seriously study the proposals put forward in the motion together with relevant parties.

????Five, 40 bills involving 21 legislative items, some can be included in the annual legislative work plan when conditions are ripe, and some can be included in the drafting or revision of relevant laws for overall consideration.

????25. Three bills on amending the supervision law.

????26. One proposal on amending the State Compensation Law.

????27. A bill on the formulation of a constitutional interpretation procedure law.

????28. One proposal on amending the Organic Law of the National People’s Congress, the rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress and the local organization law.

????29. One proposal on enacting a hearing law.

????30. One proposal on designating September 18th as "National Shame Warning Day"

????31. Three bills on the formulation of personal information protection law.

????32. One proposal on amending the emergency response law.

????33. One proposal on enacting a petition law.

????34. One proposal on enacting the law on the disclosure of government information.

????35. Three bills on amending the Administrative Punishment Law.

????36. A bill on the formulation of a law on publicity and education of the rule of law.

????37. One proposal on enacting a law on weapons and equipment procurement.

????38. One bill on the enactment of a law on non-war military operations.

????39. Two bills on the formulation of the law on the protection of military rights and interests.

????40. Six bills on amending the Civil Procedure Law.

????41. Five bills on amending the Criminal Procedure Law.

????42. Three bills on the enactment of enforcement law.

????43. Two proposals on amending the Arbitration Law.

????44. A proposal on building a public interest litigation system for the loss of state-owned assets.

????45. A proposal on establishing an oath system for witnesses and experts.

????In addition, there is a motion on strengthening the legislative interpretation of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). The decision on amending the legislative law, which was deliberated and adopted at the Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress, has made corresponding provisions on the relevant suggestions put forward in the motion, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will continue to strengthen relevant legislative work in the future.

????Please review the above report.

????Annex: Deliberating opinions of the Law Committee of the National People’s Congress on the proposal submitted by the deputies of the presidium of the third session of the 12th National People’s Congress.

????Law Committee of the National People’s Congress

????November 27th, 2015

????Attachment:

????The deliberation opinions of the Law Committee of the National People’s Congress on the proposal submitted by the presidium of the third session of the 12th National People’s Congress.

????The presidium of the Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress submitted 147 bills to the Legal Committee for deliberation, involving 45 legislative items and 1 legislative work. Among them, 111 laws were proposed to be amended, involving 24 legislative projects; 33 laws were proposed, involving 19 legislative projects; Two decisions on legal issues were proposed, involving two legislative projects; One suggestion on strengthening legislative interpretation.

????1. Ten legislative items involved in 73 bills have been deliberated and passed by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC).

????1. Eight proposals on amending the local organization law.

????No.11 proposed by Anhui delegation, No.21 proposed by Yao Hai, No.40 proposed by Yuan Jinghua and other representatives, No.58 proposed by Yang Guixin and other representatives, No.204 proposed by Zhang Tianren and other representatives, No.337 proposed by Xie Xianshu and other representatives, No.365 proposed by Song Wei and No.385 proposed by Huang Yun and other representatives, and it is suggested to improve the organizational construction of township people’s congresses and take the presidium of township people’s congresses as township people’s congresses. Improve the establishment of neighborhood people’s congress working institutions and development zone people’s congress working institutions; Increase the number of members of the Standing Committee of local people’s congresses; Improve the establishment of special committees and standing committees of local people’s congresses; Improve the local people’s congress election system; Give local people’s courts and people’s procuratorates the right to propose bills. On August 29th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on amending the local organization law, election law and representative law. Most of the suggestions put forward in the motion have been stipulated in the revision decision.

????2. Three bills on amending the electoral law.

????No.22 proposed by Yao Hai, No.41 proposed by Yuan Jinghua and No.520 proposed by Mai Shirui, suggesting that the qualifications of candidates for deputies should be restricted; Solve the problem of separation of household registration and residence, and increase the provisions for floating population to participate in elections in their current residence; Further refine the procedures for voters to jointly recommend representatives; Improve the counting system and establish a public counting system on the spot; Improve the procedures for the recall of deputies to the National People’s Congress. On August 29th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on amending the local organization law, election law and representative law. Some suggestions put forward in the motion, such as improving the mechanism for examining the qualifications of deputies, publishing the list of elected representatives by the Election Committee or the Presidium of the People’s Congress, and accepting the supervision of the people, have been made in the revision decision. Other suggestions put forward in the motion, such as floating population running for election, improving the vote counting system, and improving the procedures for the recall of deputies to the National People’s Congress, have been put forward in relevant documents forwarded by the CPC Central Committee, and some problems can be clarified by local laws and regulations. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will continue to study these suggestions in their future work practice.

????3. Three bills on amending the Representative Law.

????No.38 proposed by representatives such as Yuan Jinghua, No.67 proposed by representatives such as Lin Yinmao and No.68 proposed by representatives such as Sheng Yafei, suggesting that the organs and specific contents of the guarantee for the performance of duties should be clarified; Clearly distinguish the different reasons for the recall and resignation of deputies; We will improve the system of special personal protection for deputies, and clarify the content, procedure and time limit of the review of the measures to restrict personal freedom. On August 29th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on amending the local organization law, election law and representative law. The proposals put forward in the motion to strengthen the protection and supervision of deputies’ performance of their duties have been stipulated in the revised decision. Other proposals put forward in the motion, some of which are required in the documents forwarded by the CPC Central Committee, and some of which need to be solved by strengthening and improving relevant work. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will continue to study these suggestions in their future work practice.

????4. Two bills on amending the National Security Law.

????No.304 proposed by representatives such as Jia Chunmei and No.516 proposed by representatives such as Yang Yada suggested that the original national security law should be revised, the definition of national security should be expanded, and the public security system should be incorporated into the national security law. The new national security law was adopted by the 15th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on July 1st, 2015. The main proposals put forward in the motion, such as amending the national security law according to the requirements of the overall national security concept and expanding the definition scope of national security, have been made in the new national security law.

????5. Five proposals on amending the advertising law.

????No.74 proposed by representatives such as Zhang Weihua, No.261 proposed by representatives such as Jiang Jian, No.303 proposed by representatives such as Jia Chunmei, No.332 proposed by representatives such as Wei Feiyan, and No.490 proposed by representatives such as Zhang Zequn suggested strengthening the punishment for false advertisements; Further strictly restrict tobacco advertising or completely ban tobacco advertising; Strengthen the protection of minors; Increase the regulation of Internet advertising; Strengthen the responsibility of advertising spokespersons; Further increase the penalties for illegal advertising by news media such as radio, television and newspapers; Strengthen the supervision responsibility of advertising supervision and management organs; Increase penalties for advertising violations; Increase the norms of public service advertisements, etc. The revised advertising law was adopted by the 14th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on April 24th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as strengthening the punishment of false advertisements, further strictly restricting tobacco advertisements, strengthening the protection of minors in advertising activities, strengthening the regulation of online advertising behavior, strengthening the legal responsibility of advertising spokespersons, further increasing the punishment of illegal advertisements published by radio, television, newspapers and other news media, strengthening the supervision responsibility of advertising supervision and management organs, increasing the punishment of illegal advertisements, and increasing the principles and norms on public service advertisements, have been made in the revised advertising law.

????6. Five proposals on amending the Food Safety Law.

????No.263 proposed by Jiang Jian and other representatives, No.294 proposed by Zhao Lianguan and other representatives, No.373 proposed by Jie Zheng and other representatives, No.483 proposed by Gao Guangsheng and No.508 proposed by Zheng Xiaohe and other representatives suggested that the food safety law should be positioned as the basic law in this field, and the regulatory power should be clarified, the regulatory responsibilities should be defined and the regulatory system should be rationalized. Strengthen the source control of agricultural product quality and safety; Improve food safety standards; Improve the requirements of food labeling and labeling; Clarify the supervision department of centralized disinfection unit of tableware; Strengthen the supervision of health food; Strengthen the protection of children’s food safety; Play the role of industry self-discipline in ensuring food safety. The revised Food Safety Law was adopted by the 14th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on April 24th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as strengthening the source control of the quality and safety of agricultural products, improving food safety standards, improving the requirements of food labeling and labeling, clarifying the supervision department of centralized disinfection units for tableware, improving the supervision of health food, strengthening the protection of children’s food safety, and giving play to the role of industry self-discipline in ensuring food safety, have been stipulated in the revised food safety law.

????7. Six proposals on amending the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution.

????No.19 proposed by Zhang Quan and other representatives, No.91 proposed by Li Yanqun and other representatives, No.165 proposed by Sun Jing and other representatives, No.177 proposed by Lv Zhongmei and other representatives, No.258 proposed by Jiang Jian and No.266 proposed by Xing Kezhi and other representatives, suggesting to increase the regulations on the discharge of pollutants from ships; Increase the provisions on the right to know about the environment; Increase the obligation of key polluting enterprises to disclose real-time emission information to the society and accept social supervision; Improve the system of public participation, information disclosure and public interest litigation; On the basis of strict emission standards and oil standards, measures such as shore-based power supply and the use of low-sulfur oil in large ports and docks will be implemented; Increase the prohibition of burning fallen leaves, weeds and straws. The revised air pollution prevention law was adopted by the 16th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on August 29th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as increasing the prohibition of pollutant discharge from ships, implementing measures such as shore-based power supply for motor boats and using low-sulfur oil, increasing the prohibition of burning fallen leaves, weeds and straws, and improving the system of atmospheric environmental information disclosure and public participation, have been made in the revised air pollution prevention and control law.

????8. Six proposals on amending the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements

????No.15 proposed by Chen Rui Ai and other representatives, No.72 proposed by Zhang Weihua and other representatives, No.81 proposed by Yao Jianmin and other representatives, No.259 proposed by Jiang Jian and other representatives, No.426 proposed by Bai Hongzhan and No.431 proposed by Luo Ping, suggesting to add the definitions of "scientific and technological achievements" and "post scientific and technological achievements"; Further improve the standards of rewards and remuneration for scientific and technological personnel; To stipulate specific preferential tax measures for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Clarify the issue of part-time remuneration for scientific and technological personnel who are leading cadres. On August 29th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on amending the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as adding the definitions of "scientific and technological achievements" and "post-scientific and technological achievements" and further improving the standards of rewards and remuneration for scientific and technological personnel, have been stipulated in the revised Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements; The specific preferential tax measures for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the part-time remuneration of scientific and technological personnel serving as leading cadres have all been stipulated in principle.

????9. 34 bills on amending the Criminal Law.

????No.20 proposed by Jia Wei’s equal representatives, No.77 proposed by Chen Weicai and others, No.80 proposed by Zhu Liyu and others, No.89 proposed by Wang Yunlong and others, No.93 proposed by Ningxia delegation, No.113 proposed by Yang Qin and others, No.153 proposed by Wu Xiangdong and others, No.192 proposed by Wu Donglan and others, No.218 proposed by Liu Yuankun and others. No.230, 253 and 351 proposed by Zheng Jianjiang and others, No.293 proposed by Zhang Shuqin and others, No.301, 302 and 305 proposed by Jia Chunmei and others, No.323 proposed by Hu Zijing and others, No.329, 334 and 335 proposed by Wei Feiyan and others, No.330 proposed by Feng Bihong and No.377 proposed by Qin Xiyan and others. No.394 proposed by Wang Mingwen and others, No.402 proposed by Mai Shirui and others, No.464 proposed by Li Denghai and others, No.469 proposed by Jiang Houlin and others, No.471 proposed by Liu Qin and others, No.479 proposed by Li Yalan and others, No.484 proposed by Li Guangyu and others, No.487 proposed by Yin Xiumei and No.489 proposed by Zhang Qiong and others. Raise the starting penalty for the crime of abducting and selling women and children, further increase the punishment, and amend the crime of abducting and selling women and children to the crime of abducting and selling people; Cancel the standard of conviction and sentencing amount in bribery and corruption crimes;Refine the amount standard of sentencing for corruption; Add life imprisonment to criminals who commit serious corruption and bribery; Adding fines to the crime of corruption and bribery, and expanding the object of bribery from property to include property and property interests; Add the crime of assaulting a police officer, and stipulate that assaulting a police officer shall be severely punished according to the crime of obstructing official duties; Cancel the crime of whoring with young girls; Add the crime of contempt of court to the criminal law. Amendment IX to the Criminal Law was adopted at the 16th session of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on August 29th, 2015. The main suggestions put forward in the motion, such as increasing the punishment for the crime of buying abducted women and children, and canceling the provision of not investigating criminal responsibility; Abolish the crime of whoring with young girls; Revise the conviction and sentencing standards of corruption and bribery crimes and add life imprisonment; Increase the crime of assaulting police; Perfecting the provisions for punishing terrorist activities has been made in the ninth amendment to the Criminal Law. Other suggestions put forward in the motion, such as the imprisonment of "drug driving" and the addition of the crime of infringing on the right of new plant varieties, will continue to be carefully studied by the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee in the future legislative work.

????10. A proposal on establishing a public interest litigation system by procuratorial organs.

????Proposal No.79 put forward by Zheng Hong and other representatives suggested that the subject qualification of procuratorial organs in civil public interest litigation should be clarified through legislative interpretation, and the civil procedure law and administrative procedure law should be revised when the time is ripe, so as to clarify the subject status, scope of application and litigation procedures of procuratorial organs in civil and administrative public interest litigation. On July 1, 2015, the 15th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted a decision on authorizing the Supreme People’s Procuratorate to carry out pilot work of public interest litigation in some areas. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will study the revision of relevant laws according to the pilot work and suggestions from relevant parties.

????2. Four legislative items involved in eight motions have been submitted to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation.

????11. A bill on the formulation of the Law on National Medal and National Honorary Title.

????The No.424 motion put forward by Bai Hongzhan and other representatives suggested that the construction of the national honor awarding system should be promoted based on China’s reality; The state formulates laws and regulations on the award of medals and honorary titles through legal channels and forms, and defines the setting, selection conditions, evaluation, award and revocation; Give full play to the positive role of the people in the process of awarding medals and honorary titles, and enhance the credibility of the national honor system. The draft Law on National Medal and National Honorary Title has been considered for the first time at the 16th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and has been submitted to the Standing Committee for the second consideration at this meeting. The main suggestions put forward in the motion have been carefully studied and absorbed during the drafting and deliberation of the draft law.

????12. Five proposals on formulating cyber security laws.

????No.43 proposed by Yuan Jinghua and other representatives, No.102 proposed by Shi Guilu and other representatives, No.114 proposed by Zhong Tianhua and other representatives, No.397 proposed by Wang Mingwen and No.409 proposed by Xu Xiao and other representatives, suggesting speeding up legislation and effectively ensuring network and information security; Straighten out the network management system and clarify the responsibilities of the supervision department; Strengthen the security of network operation and the security protection of key network infrastructure; Clarify the scope of network privacy protection, the legal responsibility of infringers and the remedies for infringement of network privacy; Implement network real-name registration system and strengthen the protection of information content and citizens’ personal information; Enhance the independent innovation ability of network information technology and strengthen the construction of network security protection ability; Intensify efforts to crack down on illegal and criminal activities such as using the Internet to endanger national security and public safety; Strengthen international cooperation and exchanges to jointly safeguard peace and security in cyberspace. The draft cyber security law has been considered for the first time by the 15th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). In the process of drafting the draft, the suggestions put forward in the motion were carefully studied and absorbed, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further study with relevant parties in the deliberation and revision of the draft cyber security law.

????13. One proposal on formulating an asset appraisal law.

????Proposal No.264 put forward by Jiang Jian and other representatives suggested that the problems such as the disunity of asset appraisal market, unclear responsibilities of appraisal institutions, low professional quality of appraisal practitioners and appraisal institutions, and insufficient self-discipline concept in the industry should be solved through legislation, and further promote decentralization, give full play to the role of industry associations, establish a review mechanism for appraisal reports, and standardize self-discipline management in the industry. The draft asset appraisal law has been reviewed by the 25th meeting of the 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the 4th meeting of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and the 16th meeting respectively. In the three deliberation drafts, the suggestions put forward in the proposal were carefully studied and absorbed, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further study in the deliberation and revision of the draft asset appraisal law together with relevant parties.

????14. One proposal on formulating the management law of overseas NGOs.

????The 341st motion put forward by Liao Fei and other representatives suggested explicitly prohibiting foreign NGOs from engaging in activities endangering national security and interests in China; For overseas NGOs to recruit volunteers and organize projects in China, prior approval and examination permission shall be implemented; Relevant organizations and individuals in China who accept financial assistance, material donations, technical consultation and personnel services from overseas NGOs and carry out projects independently or jointly shall file with relevant departments; Establish a bank supervision account for the activities of overseas NGOs in China. The draft law on the management of overseas NGOs has been reviewed twice by the 12th and 14th meetings of the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). In the second deliberation draft, the suggestions put forward in the motion were carefully studied and absorbed, and the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further study with relevant parties in the deliberation and revision of the draft law on the management of overseas NGOs.

????Three legislative items involved in three or five motions have been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????15. One proposal on formulating the general principles of civil law.

????The 70th motion put forward by Sun Xianzhong and other representatives put forward the basic institutional framework and legislative guiding ideology of the general principles of civil law. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the bill in the compilation of the Civil Code. The formulation of general principles of civil law has been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????16. Three bills on amending the Administrative Reconsideration Law.

????No.17 proposed by representatives such as Chen Rui Ai, No.314 proposed by representatives such as Zhang Surong and No.336 proposed by representatives such as Xiang Huiling suggested that the reconsideration system should be reformed. If a party refuses to accept an administrative act, he will no longer choose to apply for reconsideration to the higher authorities or the government at the same level, but directly to the government at the same level; Governments at all levels set up special reconsideration institutions to handle administrative reconsideration cases; Expand the scope of accepting cases and clarify the matters that will not be accepted; Moderately extend the time limit for applying for reconsideration; Improve the reconsideration procedure, extend the reply period to 30 days, and extend the reconsideration review period to 90 days; Establish a qualification system for administrative reconsideration personnel, and select administrative reconsideration personnel with reference to the post qualification standards stipulated in the Public Prosecutor Law and the Judges Law; Establish a relatively independent and unified administrative reconsideration Committee. The revision of the Administrative Reconsideration Law has been included in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan and the 2015 Legislative Work Plan. At present, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council is studying and drafting the revised draft of the Administrative Reconsideration Law. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will seriously study the proposals put forward in the motion together with the the State Council Legislative Affairs Office and other departments. The revision of the Administrative Reconsideration Law has been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????17. 1 proposal on accelerating the implementation of the statutory principle of taxation.

????The 9th motion put forward by the Anhui delegation suggested that the relevant decision of the National People’s Congress authorizing the State Council to carry out tax legislation should be abolished as soon as possible, and the authorization of tax legislation for the State Council should be withdrawn. Put forward the timetable and road map for upgrading the existing 15 tax administrative regulations into law, and complete them all before 2020, and complete the legislative work of main taxes such as value-added tax during the term of this NPC; The relevant special committees of the National People’s Congress or the working organs of the Standing Committee shall organize the drafting of relevant tax laws; In the process of tax legislation, we should fully listen to the opinions and suggestions of taxpayers and local people’s congresses, absorb as much as possible what can be absorbed, and explain what cannot be absorbed. According to the requirement of "implementing the statutory principle of taxation" decided by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the "Implementation Opinions on Implementing the statutory principle of taxation", which was approved by the CPC Central Committee, clearly stated that if a new tax is levied, the corresponding tax laws should be formulated through the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee; Specific arrangements have been made for the time when the current 15 tax regulations will be revised into laws or abolished, and efforts will be made to complete them all by 2020; After all tax regulations are raised to laws or abolished, they shall be submitted to the National People’s Congress for annulment of relevant authorization decisions. At present, environmental protection tax law, value-added tax law, resource tax law, real estate tax law, tariff law, tonnage tax law, farmland occupation tax law and tax collection and management law (revised) have been included in the adjusted 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will actively do a good job in relevant tax legislation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law.The formulation of environmental protection tax law, real estate tax law, ship tonnage tax law, tobacco tax law and revision of tax collection and management law have been included in the legislative work plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2016.

????Four, seven legislative items involved in 20 bills have been included in the 12 th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan and are being drafted or studied for revision.

????18. Two proposals on starting the compilation of the Civil Code.

????19. Six bills on amending the General Principles of Civil Law, Property Law and Guarantee Law.

????20. One proposal on unifying the compensation standard for road traffic accident death.

????21. Three bills on amending the Marriage Law.

????22. Two proposals on amending the law of succession.

????No.78 proposed by Wu Qing and No.307 proposed by Jia Chunmei suggested that the compilation of the Civil Code should be started as soon as possible, and the style and content of the Civil Code should be scientifically determined. The 120th motion put forward by Wu Xiaoling and other representatives suggested that the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on equal protection of the non-public sector of the economy should be implemented, and the relevant provisions of the General Principles of Civil Law and the Property Law should be amended. The bill also proposes to amend the relevant provisions of the criminal law to implement the spirit of equal protection for the non-public economy. No.151 proposed by representatives such as Gao Fei and No.214 and No.216 proposed by representatives such as Liu Yuankun suggested amending the provisions on property mortgage in the Property Law and the Guarantee Law, realizing the separation of rural collective land ownership, farmers’ contracting rights and management rights, making it clear that collective land use rights such as cultivated land, homestead, private plots, private plots and wasteland can be mortgaged, or stipulating that the management rights of contracted land and farmers’ housing property rights can be mortgaged. The No.152 motion proposed by Zhou Jianyuan and other representatives suggested amending the property law to clarify the ownership and income right of the underground garage rebuilt by civil air defense projects. The 198th motion put forward by Zhang Tianren and other representatives suggested amending the guarantee law, further clarifying the classification and applicable conditions of the guarantee law, and making a good connection between the guarantee law, the property law and the judicial interpretation provisions. The 173rd motion proposed by Xia Yufa and other representatives suggested that the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) should investigate and promulgate relevant laws, implement a unified standard of urban and rural household registration for road traffic accident death compensation, and solve the problem of "the same life but different prices" in road traffic accidents from the legislative level.No.56 proposed by representatives such as Liansheng Zhang, No.133 proposed by representatives such as Min Yang and No.166 proposed by representatives such as Hu Guihua suggested amending the marriage law, lowering the age of marriage, and amending the obligations of child support, divorce conditions, the determination of divorce due to fault and legal consequences; Clarify the joint debt of husband and wife; Establish a post-divorce support system and increase the compensation for women who have no fault in divorce. No.486 proposed by Li Yalan and other representatives, and No.493 proposed by Gao Guangsheng and other representatives suggested amending the inheritance law, expanding the scope of inheritance, and increasing the legal succession order and legal will form; Establish sealed wills and testamentary inspection, inheritance certificates, conditional limited inheritance, property manager’s custody of the estate, post-inheritance and other systems, and stipulate the rules and restrictions for giving up inheritance rights. The compilation of the Civil Code has been included in the adjusted 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan, and the Legislative Affairs Commission is stepping up its research and drafting work. Regarding the suggestions made in the bill, the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study and make overall consideration in the compilation of the Civil Code.

????23. Five proposals on enacting anti-corruption laws.

????No.187 proposed by Wang Faliang and other representatives, No.265 proposed by Liu Ling and other representatives, No.295 proposed by Zhou Guangquan and other representatives, No.386 proposed by Tang Zongwei and No.404 proposed by Fan Haitao and other representatives suggested speeding up the anti-corruption national legislation, perfecting the system of punishing and preventing corruption and forming an effective mechanism that does not dare to rot, cannot rot and does not want to rot. With regard to anti-corruption legislation, the revision of the Administrative Supervision Law and the enactment of the International Criminal Judicial Assistance Law have been included in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Legislative Plan. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????24. One proposal on the formulation of a criminal victim compensation law.

????The 393rd motion put forward by Wang Mingwen and other representatives suggested that a criminal victim compensation law should be enacted, and the state should give certain financial assistance to those who are seriously injured, disabled or killed by criminal acts such as serious violence in criminal injury cases. The law on assistance to criminal victims has been included in the 12th legislative plan of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and the Legal Affairs Committee is working hard to study and draft it. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will seriously study the proposals put forward in the motion together with relevant parties.

????Five, 40 bills involving 21 legislative items, some can be included in the annual legislative work plan when conditions are ripe, and some can be included in the drafting or revision of relevant laws for overall consideration.

????25. Three bills on amending the supervision law.

????No.10 proposed by Anhui delegation, No.16 proposed by representatives such as Chen Rui Ai, and No.201 proposed by representatives such as Xie Zilong, proposed to refine the supervision procedures and enhance operability; Incorporate the supervision of the staff of relevant state organs and the supervision of vertical management departments into the scope of supervision; Make specific provisions on constitutional supervision; Clarify relevant legal responsibilities; According to the practice of supervision, new supervision methods are added. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????26. One proposal on amending the State Compensation Law.

????The No.82 motion proposed by Zhu Liyu and other representatives suggested that the scope of compensation should be expanded. The expenses of state compensation should include the operating losses and expected profits of private entrepreneurs, the labor remuneration of ordinary workers calculated at three times the local average wage, the loss of health and illness delay, the expenses of transportation and accommodation during the state compensation lawsuit, the compensation for mental damage of relatives, the loss of reputation and honor of being wrongly imprisoned, and the expenses of returning to society. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????27. A bill on the formulation of a constitutional interpretation procedure law.

????The 340th motion put forward by Dai Zhongchuan and other representatives proposes to formulate a procedural law of constitutional interpretation, which clearly stipulates the principles and subjects of constitutional interpretation, the subjects of making requests for constitutional interpretation, the procedures for accepting requests, and the drafting, deliberation, voting and effectiveness of the draft interpretation. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????28. One proposal on amending the Organic Law of the National People’s Congress, the rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress and the local organization law.

????Proposal No.205 put forward by Zheng Yuhong and other representatives suggested that the Organic Law of the National People’s Congress, the rules of procedure of the National People’s Congress and the local organization law should be amended as soon as possible, and the voting methods of resolutions of people’s congresses at all levels should be standardized, and electronic voting devices or secret ballot should be clearly adopted. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????29. One proposal on enacting a hearing law.

????The No.435 motion proposed by Sun Zhaoqi and other representatives suggested that a hearing law be formulated, which clearly stipulated the applicable object of the hearing, the qualification of the organizer, the methods and procedures for the public hearing representatives, the hearing response system, the legal effect of the hearing results, the hearing work plan, the main contents of the hearing announcement, and the specific procedures of the hearing. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????30. One proposal on designating September 18th as "National Shame Warning Day"

????The 130th motion proposed by Zhao Guohong and other representatives suggested that the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) should make September 18th a national "national humiliation warning day" by exercising the right to decide on major issues. According to the "National Holidays and Remembrance Days" formulated by the State Council, the "September 18th Remembrance Day" is already a legal memorial day in China. Regarding the suggestions put forward in the motion, the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will seriously study them in the future work in combination with relevant legislative work.

????31. Three bills on the formulation of personal information protection law.

????No.207 proposed by representatives such as Xue Shaoxian, No.292 proposed by representatives such as Li Jianchun, and No.436 proposed by representatives such as Tao Qunnan proposed to formulate a personal information protection law, which stipulated the legal definition of personal information, the collection, processing and utilization of personal information, the subject and content of responsibility, the law enforcement accountability and punishment mechanism and the industry self-discipline mechanism. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????32. One proposal on amending the emergency response law.

????Proposal No.287 put forward by Luo Xia and other representatives suggested supplementing and revising the relevant provisions of the emergency response law concerning emergency command institutions, making it clear that it is the main body of law enforcement of the emergency response law and making it a full-time, real-power and normal daily emergency management institution. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????33. One proposal on enacting a petition law.

????The 309th motion put forward by Feng Yue and other representatives suggested that a law on letters and visits should be formulated to clarify the functions and powers of letters and visits and the basic role of resolving social contradictions, standardize the procedures and responsibilities for handling letters and visits in accordance with the law, and restrain the letters and visits of the petitioners to realize letters and visits in accordance with the law. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????34. One proposal on enacting the law on the disclosure of government information.

????Proposal No.308 proposed by Zhao Dongling and other representatives suggested that a law on the disclosure of government information should be formulated on the basis of the regulations on the disclosure of government information, so as to further expand the subject of information disclosure, clarify the scope of information disclosure, and improve the procedures for the public to obtain government information. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????35. Three bills on amending the Administrative Punishment Law.

????No.48 proposed by representatives such as Liansheng Zhang, No.378 proposed by representatives such as Jiang Qiutao, and No.406 proposed by representatives such as Mai Shirui proposed to amend the Administrative Punishment Law and improve the rules of evidence, hearing procedures, punishment methods and standards. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????36. A bill on the formulation of a law on publicity and education of the rule of law.

????The No.322 motion proposed by Fu Lijuan and other representatives suggested that the law on publicity and education of the rule of law should be included in the legislative plan of the National People’s Congress as soon as possible, and strive to be promulgated in 2016, the year when the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" was launched. After nearly 30 years of practice, the publicity and education of the rule of law has accumulated rich experience. Whether it is necessary to legislate separately, the Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will further strengthen research and demonstration on the basis of summing up practical experience.

????37. One proposal on enacting a law on weapons and equipment procurement.

????Proposal No.285 put forward by Li Yanming and other representatives proposes to formulate a law on weapons and equipment procurement, clarify the position, role and division of responsibilities of the government, the military and local suppliers in the procurement and supply of weapons and equipment, and make specific provisions on procurement methods, procurement procedures, procurement contract management, procurement supervision, procurement legal responsibilities and other issues. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????38. One bill on the enactment of a law on non-war military operations.

????The No.283 motion proposed by Cui Yuling and other representatives proposes to formulate a law on non-war military operations, stipulate the relevant issues of non-war military operations in principle, and stipulate the tasks, responsibilities, rights and obligations and related guarantees of the army in carrying out non-war military operations. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????39. Two bills on the formulation of the law on the protection of military rights and interests.

????No.284 proposed by representatives such as Li Aiping and No.286 proposed by representatives such as Liang Xiaojing proposed to formulate a law on the protection of military rights and interests, focusing on defining the object of protection of military rights and interests, the basic principles of protecting military rights and interests, the scope of protection of military legitimate rights and interests, the responsible subjects, legal responsibilities and ways to protect military rights and interests. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????40. Six bills on amending the Civil Procedure Law.

????No.18 proposed by Zhang Zhaoan and other representatives, No.54 proposed by Liansheng Zhang and other representatives, No.94 proposed by Ningxia delegation, No.372 proposed by Zheng Jianjiang and other representatives, No.395 proposed by Li Xueqin and No.433 proposed by An Jin and other representatives, proposing to amend the Civil Procedure Law and increase the content of public interest litigation by procuratorial organs; Amend the relevant provisions on the third party, lien service and issuance of enforcement notice; Change the service period of the announcement from 60 days to 30 days; Improve the system of extending the trial limit of civil procedure law; Adding special procedures to confirm the inheritance legal status of the only child; Standardize the execution of the creditor’s rights enjoyed by the person subjected to execution to the third party, etc. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????41. Five bills on amending the Criminal Procedure Law.

????No.45 proposed by Chen Yunlong and other representatives, No.59 proposed by Liansheng Zhang and other representatives, No.118 proposed by Yao Xiaoying and other representatives, No.362 proposed by Li Linghong and No.480 proposed by Zhai Youcai and other representatives suggest amending the Criminal Procedure Law and improving the information protection provisions for duty crime investigation; Giving criminal suspects and defendants the right of defense at all stages of criminal proceedings; Clearly stipulate the principle of presumption of innocence; Improve the litigation procedure of public prosecution cases in which the parties reconcile; Revise the criminal procedure law with trial as the center; Increase the provisions on how to deal with criminal suspects in cases where mental illness caused the trial to be suspended and the trial could not be resumed for many years during criminal proceedings. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????42. Three bills on the enactment of enforcement law.

????No.36 proposed by representatives of Dai Tianrong, No.115 proposed by representatives of Yang Qin and No.403 proposed by representatives of Fan Haitao, proposed to formulate enforcement law, clearly stipulate the separation of trial and execution, properly handle the relationship between enforcement procedure norms and enforcement measures norms, and make specific and clear provisions on a series of issues such as the legal status of enforcement agencies and personnel, the establishment of enforcement agency system, and implementation principles. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????43. Two proposals on amending the Arbitration Law.

????No.188 proposed by representatives such as Song Xinfang and No.203 proposed by representatives such as Xue Shaoxian proposed to amend the Arbitration Law, and to amend China Arbitration Association, Arbitration Commission, arbitration agreement, arbitration third party system, arbitrator generation procedure, judicial review of arbitral awards, etc., and to provide for an interim arbitration system. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????44. A proposal on building a public interest litigation system for the loss of state-owned assets.

????The No.438 motion put forward by representatives such as An Jin suggested to build a public interest litigation system for the loss of state-owned assets, to bring the loss of state-owned assets into the adjustment scope of civil public interest litigation, to clarify the subject qualification, to establish a special court and special procedures, to rationally allocate the burden of proof, to establish a plaintiff reward system, and to prevent and control the abuse of public interest litigation. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????45. A proposal on establishing an oath system for witnesses and experts.

????The No.412 motion put forward by Zhang Liyong and other representatives suggested amending the Civil Procedure Law, the Criminal Procedure Law and the Administrative Procedure Law, and adding relevant contents about the oath system for witnesses and expert witnesses. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will carefully study the suggestions put forward in the motion in the future legislative work.

????In addition, there is a motion on strengthening the legislative interpretation of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). The No.121st motion put forward by Meng Qiliang and other representatives suggested that the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) should improve the working mechanism of legislative interpretation, improve the procedures of legislative interpretation, strengthen the filing and review of laws, regulations and judicial interpretations, improve the review and filing system of judicial interpretations, and strengthen the cleanup of laws, regulations and judicial interpretations. The decision on amending the legislative law, which was deliberated and adopted at the Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress, has made corresponding provisions on the relevant suggestions put forward in the motion. The Law Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee will sum up the practical experience of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s legal interpretation work in a timely manner, further strengthen the legal interpretation work, strengthen the filing review system and capacity building in accordance with the requirements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and ensure the correct implementation of national laws.

G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Hubei Section High-speed Power Exchange Network Opened

On November 30th, with the launch of six power stations,The high-speed power exchange network in Hubei section of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway was officially opened.. It fills the gap in Qianjiang and Huanggang areas, which can not only meet the urban traffic, but also provide convenience for intercity travel. In addition, there is an overcharge station online.

The Hubei section of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway has a total length of 700 kilometers, with a total of 10 power exchange stations along the way, starting from Huanggang in the east and passing through Huangshi, Wuhan, Xiantao, Qianjiang, Jingzhou and Yichang in the west to Enshi. It is a traffic trunk line that traverses Hubei and forms a cross-shaped high-speed power exchange network with G4 Hubei section. In the future, based on this, Weilai will continue to lay out other high-speed charging and replacing facilities in Hubei to ensure that users and friends can travel in Hubei without worry.

Weilai Power Station | G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Gaojiayan Service Area Chongqing Direction

The new station is located in Gaojiayan service area of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, about 192 kilometers away from Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and the travel time is about 2 hours and 41 minutes. It is about 181.2 kilometers away from Jingzhou, and the journey time is about 2 hours and 8 minutes. The launch of the station will greatly improve the travel convenience of Wuhan-Chongqing section.

Weilai Power Station | G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Gaojiayan Service Area

Unique shape, cornices, shaped like Tujia diaojiao building, a building with national characteristics, hidden among thousands of trees and green cages. The new station is located in Gaojiayan service area of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, about 376 kilometers away from Wuhan, and the travel time is about 4 hours and 58 minutes, which provides a convenient experience for users who travel long distances on this section!

Weilai Power Station | G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Qianjiang Ecological Lobster City

The new station is the 26th power station in Hubei and the 671st power station in China. The station is 3.1 kilometers away from the Qianjiang entrance and exit of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, and it takes about 7 minutes by car. The launch of the new station fills the gap of power exchange resources in Qianjiang area, and together with 28 other power exchange stations in Hubei area, it will provide matrix energy replenishment services for all friends, starting at any time and place with full power.

Weilai Supercharge Station | G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Jiangxia Service Area Chongqing Direction

The new station is located in Jiangxia service area of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, which is the 27th power exchange station in Hubei. The service area has complete facilities and meets the basic conditions of two-way communication. The launch of this power exchange station will also be more convenient for users and friends to travel between cities.

Weilai Power Station G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Jiangxia Service Area Shanghai Direction

The new station is the 28th power exchange station in Hubei province and the 673rd power exchange station in China, which can not only provide users and friends who pass through here with a convenient energy-replenishing experience, but also meet their one-stop needs such as rest and dining.

Weilai Power Station | G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Huangmei Service Area Shanghai direction

The new station is located in Huangmei service area of G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, at the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, and near the Buddhist holy places of Wuzu and Sizu Temple. Huangmei County is not only the "thoroughfare of seven provinces" and "the gateway to eastern Hubei", but also the birthplace of Zen Buddhism and Huangmei Opera, one of the five major operas in China, and the famous "hometown of picking flowers" in China. Users and friends are welcome to punch in and play.

Weilai Supercharge Station | G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Qianjiang Ecological Lobster City

Weilai Supercharge Station | G50 Qianjiang Ecological Lobster City of Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway is adjacent to Weilai Power Station, and there are four supercharged piles inside, which will provide a fast and convenient way for all electric vehicles to recharge their energy at any time and leave if they want.

Hubei regional charging and replacing power resources

Up to now, there are 29 power exchange stations, 17 overcharge stations and 7 destination charging stations in Hubei, and 17,250 third-party charging piles are connected.

Weilai National Buneng Network

By November 30th, we had set up 678 power stations in China, including 143 expressway power stations, 516 and 2,940 overcharged stations, 598 and 3,307 destination charging stations, and connected more than 430,000+ third-party charging piles.

In the future, we will speed up the layout of the charging and replacing network, so that more users can really feel the car experience that charging is more convenient than refueling!

Domestic durian is coming soon! Can the price be further reduced?

In May, a large number of imported durians were listed, and "price diving" attracted the attention of all parties. The reporter learned that a large number of domestic durians will also be listed in June and July.

According to industry insiders, the supply of durian in China has been dependent on imports for many years. This year, although domestic durian has made some breakthroughs in planting area and yield, its promotion scope is limited, and it still takes time for consumers to eat domestic durian with good quality and low price.

Domestic durian production increases, and the industry expects it to replace imports.

In Hainan, China, a batch of domestic durians are waiting to be listed. The latest data shows that at present, the planting area of durian in Hainan is close to 40,000 mu, which means that more domestic durians will enter the market in the future.

What is the harvest and quality of domestic durian this year? Zhou Zhaoxi, an associate researcher at the Institute of Tropical Crop Variety Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that the domestic durian was commercially planted and listed for the first time last year, which received good market feedback.This year, domestic durian is expected to be listed in mid-May to July. Compared with the domestic durian sold last year, the supply of domestic durian should double this year, and the appearance and taste will be improved.

At present, the durian that Chinese consumers can buy is mostly produced overseas. According to customs data, in 2023, China imported more than 1,425,900 tons of fresh durian, worth about 6.716 billion US dollars, an increase of 72.87% compared with the number of durian imported in 2022.

Chen Lei, secretary-general of China Fruit Circulation Association, told reporters that durian was not produced in China, and the main producing area of durian was in some Southeast Asian countries with lower latitudes. However, the consumption of durian in China is growing very fast, the demand is great, and the supply is relatively short, which leads to the rapid growth of durian import scale and high price in recent years.

"The price of durian is closely related to the supply of durian in the market." Zhang Yu, who is engaged in import and export fruit trade, bluntly said, "Southeast Asian countries are also increasing the planting area of durian. The supply this year is more than in previous years, and the price is naturally cheaper. Compared with imported durian, domestic durian has advantages in transportation distance and variety independence. If domestic durian can be listed on a large scale in the future, the price of durian will be more close to the people. "

What are the difficulties faced by durian "localization"

"Domestic durian is still in a small-scale trial planting stage, and suitable varieties and management techniques are still being explored, and large-scale commercial planting has not yet formed." Chen Lei said.

According to the data of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the output of durian in Hainan is expected to reach 50 tons in 2023. Even if the domestic durian production doubles in 2024, it is still far from the annual import of millions of tons of durian in China.

"In Hainan, more than 90% of durian trees have been planted since 2018, and durian trees can only try to’ bear fruit’ in the third to fourth years of planting, and then they can gradually form mass production after the fifth year." Zhou Zhaoxi said, "Durian trees are crisp and not wind-resistant. There are few typhoons in Southeast Asian countries, but there are typhoons and cold currents in Hainan every year. We are also conducting research on dwarfing culture techniques and cold-resistant cultivation of durian trees. After the durian tree is dwarfed, it can reduce the losses caused by natural disasters. "

The small scale of domestic durian cultivation has also discouraged many traders and enterprises who want to promote domestic durian. Zhang Yu once went to Guangxi and other places to look for business opportunities of domestic durian, but the local durian quantity was not enough to meet the market demand, so he chose to wait and see. "The large-scale promotion of domestic durian may take at least five years." Zhang Yu said.

At present, how can I buy domestic durian? Zhou Zhaoxuan said: First, some tourists come to Hainan, and after tasting the domestic durian, they place an order in the local area to buy it, and then make a reservation to the place of origin in advance every year; Second, the person in charge of the durian producing area in Hainan sells it through e-commerce channels; Third, some large enterprises will also come to Hainan to buy durian from local durian growers. On the whole, domestic durian can only be planted on a large scale in Hainan at present, but the planting area in Hainan is also limited, and it will take time to realize large-scale commercial planting.

Can domestic durian make durian more affordable?

After the May Day holiday, a photo of durian on the street in Guangxi with a price of "5 in 100 yuan" became popular on the Internet. Many consumers said on social media that "it is more promising to realize durian freedom".

The reporter saw from the online supermarket and e-commerce platform that the current price of a single durian is more than 100 yuan, and the price per kilogram of durian is about 60 yuan.

After the domestic durian is listed, will the price be lower? Zhou Zhaoxi said,Domestic durian is "ripe on the tree", which has more advantages in taste and freshness than imported durian, and the price may not be significantly reduced.

"’durian freedom’ is a beautiful goal for everyone. To achieve this goal, there must be enough durians on the market. However, at present, durian is still a symbol of high consumption. To realize’ durian freedom’, it is still necessary to increase the planting area and output of domestic durian. At the research end, we are introducing various durian variety resources, cultivating durian varieties suitable for local growth environment and with independent intellectual property rights, and systematically studying the supporting techniques for efficient cultivation of durian; On the market side, enterprises should unite scientific research units to support the sustainable development of durian industry with technology and implement the strategy of "going out-introducing-going out again"; At the government level, do a good job in policy support, suitable district planning, and make certain funds tilt in variety cultivation, technology research and development and achievement transformation. I believe that after the output of domestic durian increases, what everyone calls’ durian freedom’ can be realized. " Zhou Zhaoxi said.

Chinese’s "FSD"? Exploring Shang Tang’s unique AGI technology

In November, 2023, Tesla announced that it had started to introduce the fully autonomous driving (FSD)V12 version to employees, which will introduce the neural network system and use the latest end-to-end autonomous driving technology, instead of relying on complicated and lengthy codes. In 2024, FSD V12 began to be fully promoted, and at the same time, it became possible for FSD to enter China. For a time, "end-to-end" has become the hottest word in the field of autonomous driving all over the world.

What exactly is end to end? Does landing end to end mean that the car will become a "robot"? How much help and influence does large model, multi-modal and neural network learning have on fully automatic driving? What is the strength of China Company in the field of AGI? Some time ago, we visited the headquarters in Shang Tang and talked with Dr. Wang Xiaogang, an industry expert, co-founder and chief scientist of Shangtang Technology and president of Jueying Smart Car Group. In the interview, we also learned more about the development and planning of Shang Tang Jueying in the automobile industry.

"Shang Tang is a leader in the field of AGI"

"Shang Tang’s business is all over the world"

1. What is the difference between AGI and traditional AI? What is end to end?

AI stands for artificial intelligence, which can perform specific tasks or solve specific problems, such as speech recognition, image processing and natural language processing. It can be highly specialized but limited to specific fields. Nowadays, AI technology is mature and widely used in medical, financial, transportation and other industries.

"AI is applied to high-speed rail detection"

"AI is applied to mine operations"

"AI is applied to medical examination"

AGI (General Artificial Intelligence) refers to a system with human-like general intelligence, which can show extensive adaptability in different tasks and fields. It is relatively simple to develop an artificial intelligence system in a specific field, and it is only necessary to train the model through a large number of data and specific algorithms. However, AGI needs to simulate the extensive cognitive ability and self-learning ability of human beings, which is extremely difficult to achieve.

"AGI requires more technology"

"Shang Tang’s big artificial intelligence device"

To better understand the end-to-end, we need to compare it with the traditional autopilot control logic: the traditional autopilot system adopts a modular deployment strategy, in which each function, such as perception, prediction and planning, is independently developed and integrated into the system, and it needs to be implemented step by step. End-to-end autonomous driving can make judgments directly after "seeing" the external scene, just like people, from information input to decision execution in one go, without intermediate links.

Direct perception emphasizes that the system obtains environmental information directly from the original data without too many intermediate processing and conversion links, which is a key starting point in end-to-end communication. Direct decision-making is to directly generate driving strategies and action instructions based on the perception results, which reduces the complicated reasoning and conversion process in the middle and is also an important embodiment from end to end.

End-to-end can realize the coherence and integrity of the whole automatic driving process, which includes not only perception and decision-making, but also the transformation of decision-making into actual vehicle control actions and seamless connection and efficient cooperation in the whole process. Therefore, direct perception and direct decision-making are one of the core features of end-to-end, but they cannot be simply equated with end-to-end. End-to-end is a more comprehensive concept covering the whole autonomous driving system from input to output.

"End-to-end is the key process of AGI technology development"

Of course, end-to-end can not only be applied in the field of intelligent driving, but this big model is more like people’s way of thinking, which saves complicated steps in the middle and reduces the loss of data. From information input to strategy output, the same set of algorithm models are used, often large models containing a lot of data and information. End-to-end application is the key process of AGI technology development.

Second, the core of developing AGI technology is originality.

AGI technology has been the focus of development in various industries all over the world in recent years. As a top expert in AGI field, Wang Xiaogang also shared some views with us.

When it comes to AGI, we can’t help but mention the hottest Chat GPT, the new GPT-4o, which combines large language model with multimodal, leading the development of the whole industry. However, behind the success, it is also the common progress of many top technology companies. Microsoft has provided a large-scale hardware and software infrastructure for Open AI, and Google has been studying related basic algorithms and Transformer neural network models for many years.

"Shang Tang Ruying Digital Human Video Generation Platform"

Although there are endless large language models and related applications in China, most of them are not original, and they are likely to fall into the embarrassing situation of "the price is getting lower and lower, but the core technology is progressing slowly".

Therefore, the development of large-scale models should not be rushed to commercialization, but should focus on improving their own capabilities. The key to the future lies in the joint training of multimodal data, which requires cooperation in many fields such as physics, psychology, cognitive science, data science and mathematics. Diversified data will help balance prejudice, reduce illusions and make large models more stable and reliable.

"Language model is a hot topic in recent two years"

At present, Open AI has made some progress in the fusion training of multimodal data such as video, pictures, voice and text. Although low latency and bionic interaction are only appearances, there is a prototype of AGI behind it. The realization path of AGI depends on the quality and diversity of training data, and the alignment and fusion of multimodal data in high-dimensional space is the biggest technical difficulty at present. The development of AGI needs not only technology, but also faith and love. China’s AGI needs its own Oppenheimer. Enterprises should focus on improving core competitiveness and technical originality, instead of falling into price war, so as to promote the long-term development of China’s AGI.

"Shang Tang has always insisted on technological originality."

Shang Tang has been insisting on technical originality step by step, which is why Shang Tang can stand out among so many companies related to artificial intelligence. As early as 2014, Shang Tang team released the DeepID series face recognition algorithm, which exceeded the human eye recognition rate for the first time, and even surpassed the DeepFace algorithm released by Facebook at the same time, achieving a breakthrough from 0 to 1.

"Team Shang Tang stands out among a number of artificial intelligence companies in China."

In 2018, Shang Tang started the research on the big model. At that time, there was no infrastructure that could provide enough computing power, not even the top domestic Internet companies Ali and Tencent. Shang Tang started the infrastructure construction in Shanghai Lingang, and the AIDC artificial intelligence computing center was laid out in advance for the future AI cloud computing and cloud services. With its own large-scale infrastructure, Shang Tang can develop in the industry more easily.

"AIDC artificial intelligence computing center is located in Shanghai Lingang"

In 2023, end-to-end technology became the key word of the industry with Tesla’s release of FSD V12, but as early as 2022, Shang Tang released end-to-end technology and said that end-to-end is the future. Recently, the multimodal explosion of GPT-4o is not a new technology for Shang Tang, and it has been studied and put into use for many years. Not long ago, SenseChat V5 of Shang Tang set a new record for SuperCLUE with a total score of 80.03, and surpassed GPT-4-Turbo-0125 in Chinese comprehensive score. This is the first time that a large domestic model has surpassed GPT-4 Turbo to reach the top in the Chinese benchmark test of SuperCLUE.

Home of the car

SenseChat V5 in Shang Tang has set a new record for SuperCLUE in China.

Shang Tang has always insisted on the originality of AGI-related technologies, and has come to the forefront of the world. Wang Xiaogang believes that homogeneous competition will lead to waste of resources, and originality is the source power to promote the development of global artificial intelligence industry. Of course, originality also means more uncertainty and greater risks, but if it succeeds, the breakthrough will be huge for the whole industry, which is what Shang Tang wants to achieve.

Novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (8th Edition) (Guo Wei Ming Dian [2021] No.248)

 

"novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (Eighth Edition)" is a revised plan organized by the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism for novel coronavirus epidemic in the State Council on the basis of comprehensively summarizing the experience of prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation and local aggregation epidemic situation in China and combining the changes of national epidemic situation and research progress. 

On May 11th, 2021, the State Council formulated "novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (8th Edition)" in response to the comprehensive group of novel coronavirus epidemic prevention and control mechanism. 

In order to guide all localities to do a good job in the normal prevention and control of the epidemic situation in novel coronavirus (hereinafter referred to as COVID-19, Covid-19), and fully implement the prevention and control strategy of "importing from outside and rebounding from inside", this plan is formulated on the basis of the first seven editions of the prevention and control plan according to the requirements of Class A management of Class B infectious diseases in COVID-19.

I. General requirements

Adhere to the principle of "putting prevention first, combining prevention with control, being scientific according to law, and classifying at different levels", adhere to the organic combination of normalized accurate prevention and control and local emergency response, and resolutely prevent the import of overseas epidemic situations and the rebound of domestic epidemic situations in accordance with the work requirements of "timely detection, rapid disposal, accurate control and effective treatment", and do our best to do a good job in normalized epidemic prevention and control. Implement the measures of "early prevention, early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment", adhere to the principle of "prevention with people", strengthen epidemic prevention and control in key time periods, key areas and key populations, find sporadic cases and aggregated epidemics in time, and deal with the epidemic early, small, strict, real, scientific, accurate, powerful, orderly and effective, and put it out together when found, continuously consolidate the achievements of epidemic prevention and control, and earnestly

Second, the etiology and epidemiological characteristics

Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, hereinafter referred to as Covid-19) belongs to β coronavirus, which is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat. Fat solvents such as ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus. People are generally susceptible. Based on the current epidemiological investigation and research results, the incubation period of COVID-19 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days; The infectivity is relatively strong 1-2 days before onset and in the early stage of onset; The main sources of infection are confirmed cases and asymptomatic infected people in COVID-19; The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and close contact, and articles contaminated by virus can also cause infection. It is possible to spread through aerosols when exposed to high concentrations of aerosols in a relatively closed environment. As Covid-19 can be separated from feces and urine, it should be noted that its pollution to the environment may cause contact transmission or aerosol transmission. During the epidemic process in Covid-19, the genome is constantly mutating. At present, some mutated viruses have increased transmission power, but their potential pathogenicity and impact on vaccine efficacy need to be further studied.

Third, public measures

(1) Publicity and education.

Give full play to the role of new media such as Internet, Weibo, WeChat and client, and traditional media such as radio, television, newspapers and promotional materials, carry out publicity and education on prevention and control knowledge in COVID-19 in an all-round way, emphasize that everyone is the first responsible person for their own health, and advocate the masses to adhere to good hygiene habits and healthy lifestyles such as washing hands frequently, wearing masks, constant ventilation, public chopsticks system, "one-meter line" and cough etiquette, so as to improve residents’ awareness of self-protection and health literacy. Advocate residents to reduce the flow and gathering of people, advocate the new style of festival civilization, and do little weddings and funerals. Strengthen the training of epidemic prevention and control staff on COVID-19 prevention and control knowledge and strategic measures, eliminate panic, scientifically and accurately implement various prevention and control measures, and guide the public to develop conscious epidemic prevention behavior. For publicity and education, please refer to Annex 1 "Basic Code of Conduct for Citizen Epidemic Prevention".

(2) Vaccination.

1. Do a good job in vaccinating people aged 18 and above in key groups such as people with high risk of occupational exposure, people with risk of infection abroad, people who maintain normal social production and life operation, and key positions and occupations that maintain basic social operation, so as to provide them with health protection.

2. Do a good job in the vaccination of people aged 18 and above with high risk of disease transmission, such as students in key areas such as border crossings, service industries, labor-intensive industries, colleges and universities, faculty and staff of various schools, and vaccinate other people aged 18 and above who are willing to vaccinate, so as to reduce the risk of infection and morbidity.

3. According to the progress of vaccine research and development and the results of clinical trials, further improve the vaccination strategy.

(3) Patriotic health campaign. Adhere to prevention first, carry out patriotic health campaigns in depth, highlight key areas and weak links such as rural areas, urban-rural fringe areas and public gathering places, innovate ways and means, continuously promote urban and rural environmental improvement, and continuously improve public health facilities. Advocate a civilized, healthy and green lifestyle, popularize health knowledge, establish a good diet fashion, and promote civilized and healthy living habits. Promote the patriotic health campaign into communities, villages, families, schools, enterprises and institutions, promote the integration of health into all policies, and mobilize the masses to participate extensively in the patriotic health campaign.

Fourth, epidemic monitoring

(1) Report on the discovery of epidemic situation.

1. Case discovery report. All kinds of medical institutions at all levels should strengthen the monitoring of symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), diarrhea, etc. Once suspicious patients such as fever are found, laboratory tests should be carried out in time, and the cases should be reported directly through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System within 2 hours. Community health service stations, village clinics and individual clinics should report suspicious patients such as fever to community health service centers or township hospitals within 2 hours, and implement the nucleic acid detection strategy of "village report, township sampling and county detection" to find the epidemic situation as soon as possible. Strengthen the health monitoring of close contacts and close contacts (hereinafter referred to as close contacts), entry personnel, high-risk occupational groups, and key groups included in community management. Once the above symptoms appear, they should be sent to the hospital in time to carry out nucleic acid testing.

2. Report on finding asymptomatic infected persons. An asymptomatic infected person refers to a person who is positive in Covid-19’s pathogenic test but has no relevant clinical manifestations. It is mainly found through close contact and close contact, nucleic acid detection of key population such as entry personnel and high-risk occupational population, tracing of infection source, epidemiological investigation and crowd screening. The asymptomatic infected persons found should be reported directly through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System within 2 hours, and transported to designated medical institutions for centralized isolation medical observation within 2 hours. If there are related symptoms or signs in the follow-up, it should be revised into a confirmed case within 24 hours.

3. Report on the discovery of clustering epidemic. Cluster epidemic refers to the discovery of 5 or more cases and asymptomatic infected persons in schools, residential quarters, factories, natural villages and medical institutions within 14 days. It is mainly found through routine diagnosis and treatment activities, data review and analysis of direct reporting of infectious diseases on the internet, epidemiological investigation of cases or asymptomatic infected people, health monitoring of personnel in key places and institutions and key populations. Aggregation epidemic situation should be reported on the network of management information system for public health emergencies within 2 hours.

(2) Multi-channel monitoring and early warning.

According to the principle of combining point with surface and combining infectious disease monitoring system with other departments’ monitoring systems, we will carry out multi-channel monitoring of people, things and environment.

1. Monitoring of medical personnel. Medical staff of all kinds of medical institutions at all levels, especially primary medical and health institutions, should raise their awareness of finding and reporting cases of COVID-19, and carry out Covid-19 nucleic acid detection for all patients with fever and other suspected patients without fever, cases of unexplained pneumonia and severe acute respiratory infection among hospitalized patients, and all newly admitted patients and their accompanying staff.

2. Monitoring of occupational groups at risk. Health monitoring and weekly full-time nucleic acid detection will be carried out for imported cold-chain food supervision and practitioners, centralized isolation site management and service personnel, direct contact personnel of imported goods at ports, medical staff of medical institutions designated for cases in COVID-19, medical staff of fever clinics and emergency departments of general medical institutions, employees of international transportation vehicles, ship pilots and other foreign ship operators, and frontline staff of immigration, customs and market supervision systems. Those who find symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), diarrhea, etc. go to a medical institution with a fever clinic (consulting room) in time for nucleic acid detection.

Conduct weekly sampling nucleic acid testing for farmers’ markets, other departments of general medical institutions, express delivery, transportation and other specific service places and industry personnel.

3. Health monitoring of key populations. Do a good job in health monitoring for people from high-risk areas, medical observers who have been discharged from COVID-19, and immigrants who have been brought into community management. Those who find symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell (taste), diarrhea, etc., go to a medical institution with a fever clinic in time and conduct nucleic acid detection.

4. Goods and environmental monitoring. To carry out sampling nucleic acid detection on imported cold chain food and its processing, transportation, storage and sales places; Sampling nucleic acid detection should be carried out for imported goods from high-risk countries and low-temperature transportation environment in land, sea and air ports, as well as their cargo holds, containers, carriages, containers and cargo storage places, and the detection frequency and sampling quantity can be increased under low temperature conditions in winter.

The environment of medical institutions with fever clinics and large-scale agricultural wholesale markets with cold chain food in cities are regularly tested for nucleic acids. Regularly carry out sewage monitoring in large-scale processing and processing places for imported frozen goods by sea.

5. Monitoring of key institutions. After one or more local confirmed cases or asymptomatic infected persons appear in this county (district), daily health monitoring shall be done for the personnel of key institutions such as pension welfare institutions, psychiatric hospitals, supervision places, personnel-intensive places (such as production workshops, shopping malls and supermarkets, training institutions), kindergartens and schools, and fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, decreased sense of smell, diarrhea, etc. shall be found.

6. Centralized monitoring in isolated places. During the opening of centralized isolation places, environmental nucleic acid detection shall be carried out regularly.

7. Pathogen monitoring. The first or early cases in the local epidemic, key cases with epidemiological correlation with early cases, local cases with unknown infection sources, imported cases, imported articles and related environmental positive samples were sequenced and compared, so as to dynamically understand the variation of virus genes and find out the source of infection in time.

8. Analyze early warning. Strengthen information sharing among departments, carry out comprehensive analysis of epidemic monitoring and risk judgment, put forward risk assessment results and early warning response suggestions, and timely release epidemic information and health risk tips to the society.

For the requirements of multi-channel monitoring and early warning, please refer to Annex 2 Monitoring Plan of COVID-19.

See reference [2] for the full content.

 

First, improve the overall prevention and control requirements

We will improve the policies and measures for foreign defense, adhere to the principle of "people with the same defense", and strengthen the prevention and control of imported cold chain foods and articles. Emphasis is placed on strengthening epidemic prevention and control in key time periods, key areas and key populations to effectively prevent domestic epidemic rebound.

Second, strengthen organizational leadership

Local party committees and governments at all levels should improve the epidemic prevention and control command system and clarify the responsibilities and division of labor of departments. Establish command system startup mechanism, information reporting system, supervision and inspection system, emergency drill system, urban support system and other working mechanisms and systems. Improve information sharing and integration, and provide support for epidemic risk judgment, prevention and control measures formulation and overall resource allocation. According to different epidemic situations, reserve professional prevention and control personnel, nucleic acid detection ability, designated hospitals, centralized isolation places and epidemic prevention materials.

Third, strengthen work guidance

We will formulate and improve 12 working documents, including the basic code of conduct for citizens’ epidemic prevention, monitoring, epidemiological investigation, determination and management of close contacts, transfer of epidemic-related personnel, isolated medical observation, community prevention and control, disinfection, mental health services, sample collection and testing, prevention and control of imported epidemic situation, and prevention and control of epidemic situation in key links, and strengthen specific work guidance for different prevention and control fields and links.

Fourth, strengthen vaccination

Do a good job in vaccination of key groups such as people with high occupational exposure risk and risk of infection abroad, people who maintain normal social production and life operation, and key positions and occupations that maintain basic social operation; Do a good job in vaccination of people with high risk of disease transmission in key areas such as border ports and service industries to reduce the risk of infection and morbidity. According to the progress of vaccine research and development and the results of clinical trials, the vaccination strategy will be further improved.

V. Strengthening epidemic monitoring

Adhere to the monitoring of people, things and the environment, strengthen the monitoring of the epidemic situation of medical institutions, risk occupational groups, key groups and key institutions, and timely discover and report the epidemic situation. Strengthen pathogen monitoring, dynamically monitor virus variation, and understand the influence of virus variation on pathogen detection and vaccine protection.

Six, strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic situation in rural areas

Summarize the experience of dealing with cluster epidemic in rural areas, and strengthen targeted guidance and counterpart support for community prevention and control, epidemiological investigation, isolated medical observation, nucleic acid detection and disinfection in view of the objective situation that the ability of epidemic prevention and control in rural areas is relatively weak.

Seven, strengthen the isolation medical observation.

Strengthen the management of quarantine medical observation for entry personnel and close contacts, and require that nasopharyngeal swabs should be collected for nucleic acid detection during quarantine medical observation, and two samples of nasopharyngeal swabs should be collected at the same time when the quarantine is lifted, and different nucleic acid detection reagents should be used for detection respectively. In principle, the two tests should be carried out by different detection institutions. Carry out a nucleic acid test on the second day and the seventh day after the isolation. During this period, do a good job of health monitoring, reduce the flow, do personal protection when going out, and do not participate in gathering activities.

Eight, strengthen the precise management of secret connection.

It is stipulated that the nucleic acid detection of close contacts is negative on the first day and the fourth day during the isolation medical observation period, and the nucleic acid detection of close contacts on the first day, the fourth day and the seventh day is negative, which can relieve the centralized isolation medical observation. If the close contacts have positive nucleic acid detection on the first and fourth days, the close contact shall be managed according to the close contacts.

Guo Wei Ming Dian [2021] No.248 novel coronavirus Prevention and Control Plan (8th Edition). pdf

Notice of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission and Shaanxi Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security on Printing and Dist

Municipal Education Bureau, Development and Reform Commission, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Yangling Demonstration Zone Education Bureau, Development and Reform Bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Xixian New Area Education and Health Bureau, Development and Construction Management Committee, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, hancheng city, Shenmu City, Fugu County Education Bureau, Development and Reform Bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau:
      In order to implement the spirit of Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Standardizing the Development of Off-campus Training Institutions (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.80), Notice of the Ministry of Education and other nine departments on Printing and Distributing Measures to Reduce the Burden of Primary and Secondary School Students (J.J. [2018] No.26) and Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Doing a Good Job in After-school Services for Primary and Secondary School Students (J.J. No.1 Hall [2017] No.2), our province has formulated.

education department of shaanxi
Shaanxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission
      Shaanxi province labor resources and social security department
                                 May 15, 2019

 


Guiding opinions on doing a good job in after-school service for primary and secondary school students


      In order to conscientiously implement the spirit of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the National Education Conference, help parents solve the difficulties of picking up and dropping off students on time, promote the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students, further enhance the ability of public service in education, and make the people have more sense of gain and happiness. In accordance with the requirements of Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Standardizing the Development of Off-campus Training Institutions (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.80), Notice of the Ministry of Education and other nine departments on Printing and Distributing Measures to Reduce the Burden of Primary and Secondary School Students (J.J. [2018] No.26) and Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Doing a Good Job in After-school Services for Primary and Secondary School Students (J.J. No.1 Hall [2017] No.2), we will do a good job in our province now.
      I. Basic principles
      (1) Territorial management.The education administrative departments of counties (districts) undertake the main management responsibilities of after-school service for primary and secondary school students, with the development, reform and human society performing their respective duties. All departments cooperate closely, make overall plans, formulate policies, and guide primary and secondary schools within their jurisdiction to do a good job in after-school service management. All localities and cities should strengthen supervision and guidance, and co-ordinate the management of after-school service for primary and secondary school students in this region.
      (2) School-led.All primary and secondary schools should take the initiative to take responsibility, independently carry out after-school service, give full play to the role of the main channel of after-school service, and meet the needs of students as much as possible. The school may, according to the needs, jointly carry out after-school service with the youth extracurricular activity center, comprehensive practice activity base and youth palace. Schools that have after-school service needs but do not have the conditions may, under the leadership and supervision of the county (district) government, explore the way of government purchasing services to hire professional institutions to participate in after-school service.
      (3) Non-profit.The funds needed for the school to carry out after-school service shall be raised by the cities and counties according to the nature of after-school service through financial subsidies, service charges or fees on behalf of them. For students from poor families who have established a file card, they will be exempted from the corresponding fees for participating in after-school services. It is strictly forbidden to collect fees in the name of after-school service.
      (4) voluntary choice.Whether primary and secondary school students participate in after-school services is voluntarily chosen by students and parents. It is strictly forbidden to force students to participate in any way or in disguised form. Primary and secondary schools should take the initiative to remind parents to choose qualified and guaranteed after-school service institutions for parents who want to choose after-school services independently.
      (5) adjust measures to local conditions.Cities and counties (districts) should, on the basis of investigation and study, proceed from reality, fully demonstrate and proceed step by step according to local financial resources, school conditions, resource allocation and service capacity of relevant institutions.
      Second, the work arrangement
      (1) service target.The object of after-school service is primary and secondary school students. Priority is given to ensuring the needs of lower-grade primary school students, migrant children of migrant workers, left-behind children and disabled children.
      (2) Time requirements.After-school service is provided at noon and after school in the afternoon on the school study day, and the end time is not later than 18:00 in principle. The specific service time shall be stipulated by the education administrative department at or above the county level according to the actual situation.
      (3) Organizational form.Schools that carry out after-school services should respect students’ and parents’ right to know and choose, give full play to the role of parents’ committees, solicit opinions extensively in advance, formulate practical plans, and promptly inform students and parents of information such as service time, service content, service mode, charging standard and safety matters after public classes. Parents of students with after-school service needs voluntarily apply according to the regulations of the school. After being examined and approved by the class or parents’ committee, the school will make overall arrangements and organize them in a unified way.
      (4) Service contents.All localities and schools should, according to the actual situation, combine the characteristics of students participating in after-school service, follow the laws of education and students’ growth, actively provide rich and colorful service contents, help students cultivate their interests, develop their specialties, broaden their horizons, enhance their practice, and promote their all-round development. Available after-school services include:
      1. Provide delayed hosting. The school arranges special people to take care of students’ independent review, homework, preview or extracurricular reading in designated places, and can answer individual questions about students’ homework, strengthen assistance to students with learning difficulties, and give guidance to students with spare capacity. It is strictly forbidden to disguise after-school services as collective teaching or collective remedial classes.
      2. Carry out collective activities. According to the characteristics of the school and students, the school organizes students to participate in meaningful collective activities, develops students’ interests and hobbies, and strengthens students’ physique. Students can be organized to collectively carry out activities such as reading exchange, movie viewing, music appreciation, art appreciation, sports, labor practice, entertainment and games, and outward bound training, so as to improve their comprehensive quality. According to the school’s facilities, teachers’ conditions, and the cooperation with the youth extracurricular activity center, comprehensive practice base and youth palace, we can organize a variety of community activities, interest group activities or comprehensive practice activities for students to choose from, so as to cultivate students’ interests and specialties.
      (5) Staffing.Fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of in-service staff to participate in after-school service work, and form an after-school service team with in-service staff as the main body. On-the-job teaching staff who participate in after-school service work will be included in the workload and performance pay management. Create a good policy environment, mobilize retired teachers, parents of students, social professionals, college students volunteers and other social enthusiasts and other volunteer service forces to solve the problem of insufficient personnel as a whole. Volunteers who participate in after-school services should be strictly controlled and managed.
      Third, organizational guarantee
      (1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Cities, counties (districts) should set up a leading group led by local governments, establish a working mechanism of after-school service with government-led, departmental supervision, social participation and parents’ support, clarify the responsibilities of education, development and reform, and human society departments, and implement their work responsibilities. Education administrative departments at all levels should further strengthen their responsibilities and implement their responsibilities, take the lead in the management and coordination of after-school services, make overall plans for all kinds of resources and needs, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, and strive to form a joint force of after-school services.
      (two) the implementation of financial security.All localities should actively report to the local party committees and governments, strive for financial support, and study ways to raise funds. Strengthen the supervision of after-school service funds, ensure that the funds are earmarked and shall not be used for any other expenses. For the illegal use of special subsidy funds or arbitrary charges in the name of after-school services, we must seriously investigate and hold relevant responsibilities.
      (3) Clarify the responsibilities of home and school.Schools that carry out after-school service should pay attention to communication and consultation with parents, give full play to the organization and coordination role of parents’ committees, and inform students and parents of application procedures, service contents, personnel arrangements, charging standards and time arrangements in time, so as to facilitate students and parents to choose voluntarily and ensure the smooth development of after-school service. Parents sign an agreement with the school after applying for after-school service, with one semester as a fixed cycle.
      (4) Strive for social support.All localities should attach importance to investigation and study, effectively respond to local actual needs, increase policy propaganda, and gain the understanding and support of all sectors of society for after-school service. Schools that carry out after-school service should take the initiative to open the service mode, content, financial revenue and expenditure and service quality after class, and accept social supervision.
      (5) Strengthen safety management.It is necessary to improve the safety management system. Clarify the responsibilities of after-school service personnel and strengthen the education of safety and health awareness for teachers and students; Strengthen the management system of safety inspection and doorman registration in activity places, and formulate and implement strict attendance, supervision, handover system and emergency plan measures. If the school organizes the implementation of after-school services outside the school, the administrative department of education should strengthen coordination with the departments of comprehensive management, public security, health care, drug administration and market supervision, effectively eliminate hidden dangers in transportation, venues, fire protection, food hygiene, safety and security, and ensure the personal safety of teachers and students. Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of schools, teachers and students, and make good use of school liability insurance.
      (6) Improve supervision and management.All localities should strengthen the supervision of after-school service, regularly organize relevant departments to carry out supervision and inspection of schools, and effectively guarantee the quality of after-school service and the safety of students. It is necessary to bring after-school service into the scope of educational supervision, and carry out inspection and supervision of after-school service in a timely manner to ensure the continuous and effective development of after-school service for primary and secondary school students. Schools and parent committees should strengthen the supervision of after-school services and dynamically revise the implementation plan for existing problems.
      All localities should actively carry out after-school service research, find and solve existing problems in time, explore fresh cases, sum up typical experiences, publicize and promote them and submit them to the Provincial Department of Education.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: Positive progress has been made in the purification and regionalization management of animal diseases nationwide.

  Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on the 21st, in recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has guided all localities to solidly promote the purification and regionalization management of animal diseases, speed up the construction of national animal disease purification fields, epidemic-free communities and epidemic-free areas (hereinafter referred to as "one field and two districts"), promote the improvement of biosafety management level in all links, and make positive progress. Up to now, a total of 605 "one farm and two districts" have been built in China, including 262 national animal disease purification farms, 334 epidemic-free communities and 9 epidemic-free areas.

  From the distribution area, "one site and two districts" covers 31 provinces in China and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, among which the top 10 provinces are Guangxi, Shandong, Henan, Guangdong, Fujian, Shaanxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou and Zhejiang, accounting for 55% of the national total. From the perspective of purifying diseases, "one field and two districts" involves 29 major animal diseases, such as African swine fever, highly pathogenic avian influenza, brucellosis, pseudorabies, avian leukemia and pullorum, and major zoonotic diseases and major vertical transmission animal diseases. Among them, African swine fever-free communities have the largest number, accounting for 46%. From the main types, animal disease purification farms are all large-scale livestock and poultry farms, mainly breeding livestock and poultry farms; The epidemic-free areas are mainly large-scale livestock and poultry farms, and some epidemic-free areas include auxiliary production units such as slaughtering, feed processing, harmless treatment and cleaning and disinfection; Non-epidemic areas are led by local governments and are part or all of the geographical areas of the province where they are located.

  In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will continue to promote the purification and regional management of animal diseases, constantly improve the support policies and market mechanisms, accelerate the construction and evaluation of "one field and two districts", and continuously improve the biosafety protection level of the whole chain and the regional comprehensive epidemic prevention capacity through typical guidance and demonstration, so as to provide more powerful support for maintaining the production safety of animal husbandry, public health safety and national biosafety.

Learning history with the general secretary and listening to the general secretary telling historical stories: the bachelor of Jin Dynasty talked about waste affairs in vain

  [When learning is going on] It is a distinctive feature of the speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary to quote classics and aid the ancient times to prove the present. In a series of important speeches and articles published by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, historical stories are often used to illustrate the truth of governing the country, which is thought-provoking. Xinhua News Agency’s "Learning in Progress" launched a series of articles to share with you the classic historical stories told by the General Secretary.

  [scene]

  To take responsibility, we must work hard and work hard, and we must never sit and talk about it and talk without practice. I have told the story of scholars in the Jin Dynasty who talked about waste affairs in vain many times, and Wang Yan is one of the representatives, who can be described as eloquent and unparalleled.

  — — On September 1, 2021, a speech at the opening ceremony of the training class for young and middle-aged cadres of the Central Party School (National School of Administration) in the autumn semester of 2021.

  [Story]

  Wang Yan was an important minister in the late Western Jin Dynasty. At that time, Schleswig, the leader of the Jie tribe, invaded Luoyang, and Wang Yan went to crusade as a captain with the army. As a result, he was defeated and captured. Schleswig-Holstein asked him the reason for the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty, and he excused himself in every way, saying that he had never participated in political affairs since he was young. Schleswig rebuked him: you are famous all over the world, and you are in a heavy responsibility. As for Bai Shou, how can you say that you didn’t participate in the government affairs of the court? "Destroying the world is a sin of the monarch." Later, Wang Yan was killed by Schleswig-Holstein. Before he died, Wang Yan lamented that if he did not pursue vanity at ordinary times, but worked hard, he would not have fallen to this point.

  During the Jin Dynasty, literati were addicted to metaphysical philosophical debates, and the wind of talking clearly prevailed. Wang Xizhi once criticized this phenomenon and said: "Xia Yu is diligent about the king, and his hands and feet are callused; King Wen eats, and he gives it every day. There are many bases in the suburbs today, which is pleasant for people to work for themselves. It is not suitable for today to talk about waste affairs in vain, and it is not suitable for today. " This is the origin of "empty talk about waste".

  [share]

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has mentioned the story of "empty talk about waste affairs" more than once. In his speech at the opening ceremony of the training class for young and middle-aged cadres of the Central Party School (National School of Administration) in the autumn semester of 2021, he once again cited the story of Wang Yan’s empty talk about his country’s mistakes, in order to warn leading cadres not to "empty talk about waste affairs", but to pay attention to practice and work hard with real swords and guns.

  It is the duty and value of cadres to take charge of things. The party puts cadres in various positions to make everyone take responsibility for doing practical things, not to be an official and talk. "Air-to-air" is a typical manifestation of formalism. The broad masses of cadres should combine knowledge with practice, work hard, be doers and take the initiative to act.

Learning every day | Zhongnanhai Monthly (July 2022)

Go to Hongkong, go to Xinjiang, deliver an important speech at the opening ceremony of the special seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels, attend and deliver an important speech at the Central United Front Work Conference, preside over the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference and the symposium of non-party people, analyze and study the current economic situation and economic work, write back to the old experts of the National Museum of China, talk with the first foreign head of state to visit China after the Beijing Winter Olympics, make a phone call with the President of the United States, and send congratulatory messages to presidents of many countries and forums … July of the Supreme Leader General Secretary.

央视网《中南海月刊》运用智能大数据,梳理最高领袖总书记七月重要活动与讲话,与您一起领悟新时代新征程上大国领袖的家国情怀和擘画运筹。

央视网I学习数据库汇总分析了最高领袖总书记2022年7月的重要讲话,“发展”“香港”“文明”等词语出现频率位居前列。

二十五载,岁月如歌。历经了风风雨雨的香港,如今已实现由乱到治的重大转折,正处在由治及兴的关键时期。在香港迎来回归祖国25周年之际,最高领袖主席时隔五年再次踏上这片他深情牵挂的热土。

7月1日上午,站在25年前中英两国政府香港政权交接仪式的举行地——香港会展中心,习主席言语铿锵:“‘一国两制’是经过实践反复检验了的,符合国家、民族根本利益,符合香港、澳门根本利益。”“这样的好制度,没有任何理由改变,必须长期坚持。”“把香港特别行政区管治权牢牢掌握在爱国者手中,这是保证香港长治久安的必然要求,任何时候都不能动摇。”

“‘一国’原则愈坚固,‘两制’优势愈彰显。”在庆祝大会上,习主席的讲话有的放矢,就如何全面准确贯彻“一国两制”方针阐明原则,在香港社会引发极大共鸣,为关键时期的香港发展指明方向。

700多万香港同胞的民生福祉,是习主席心中不变的惦念:“当前,香港最大的民心,就是盼望生活变得更好,盼望房子住得更宽敞一些、创业的机会更多一些、孩子的教育更好一些、年纪大了得到的照顾更好一些。”

习主席对新一届香港特别行政区政府提出要求:“拿出更果敢的魄力、更有效的举措破难而进,让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体市民。”面向未来,殷殷嘱托彰显为民情怀。

泱泱中华,历史悠久,文明博大。7月日程里,记录下总书记尊崇历史、重视中华优秀传统文化传承与人类文明互鉴的深深印记:回信嘱托国博老专家:“守护好、传承好、展示好中华文明优秀成果”;向“意大利之源——古罗马文明展”开幕式致贺信,表达“推动文明交流互鉴,促进民心相连相通”的意愿;在新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆,强调中华文明是“由各民族优秀文化百川汇流而成”;在固原巷社区嘱托:“中华优秀传统文化教育抓早抓小”……

Chinese civilization is bright and vast. The entrustment of strengthening cultural self-confidence and enhancing national pride permeates the words and deeds of the general secretary in governing the country, and injects ideological strength into the inheritance and development of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

CCTV’s "Zhiwen" system extracted and analyzed the hot news of the whole network in July 2022. The general secretary’s investigation and research in Xinjiang attracted much attention, and the related topics such as "Supreme Leader: Xinjiang is no longer a remote area, but a hub area", "Looking at the party’s strategy of governing Xinjiang in the new era from the general secretary’s trip to Xinjiang" and "What did the top leader focus on?"

After four days of investigation, I went out in the morning glow and returned by the stars, visited three cities, nine inspection sites, attended a briefing and seven meetings … The trip of the General Secretary to Xinjiang after eight years was intensive.

As a multi-ethnic area, social stability and long-term stability in Xinjiang are related to the overall situation of national reform, development and stability, the reunification of the motherland, national unity and national security, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The general secretary is very concerned about this place, and it is of great significance to focus on Xinjiang before the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Visiting universities, communities, museums, rural areas, etc., the general secretary talked about national unity at several inspection points. He said: "National unity is the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups in our country." "We should cherish the excellent situation of stability and unity, and 56 ethnic groups are twisted into a rope."

边疆稳,国家安。“各民族大团结的中国一定是无往而不胜的。”看到天山南北一派安定祥和、蓬勃发展的新气象,总书记感到由衷高兴:“经过各方面艰苦努力,现在新疆大局稳定,这个成绩来之不易,要倍加珍惜。”坚定的话语,殷切的嘱托,暖人心田,催人奋进。

下半年首月,“最高领袖同印度尼西亚总统佐科会谈”“最高领袖同美国总统拜登通电话”等话题也备受关注。

当今世界正进入新的动荡变革期,面对变乱交织的世界局势,习主席同印尼总统佐科会谈,确立共建中印尼命运共同体这一大方向,为推进全球治理提供东方智慧,贡献亚洲力量;应约同美国总统拜登通电话,是中美今年以来第二次元首沟通。在坦率沟通和交流中,习主席掷地有声地就台湾问题阐明了中方原则立场,鲜明强调“维护世界和平安全,促进全球发展繁荣”是中美大国职责所在。

The world is at a new crossroads. The resounding "China Voice" adapts to the development trend of the times, echoes the general demands of the broad masses of people in the international community, and shows China’s feelings and mission.

In the related atlas generated by CCTV I learning database, the cotton and flat peaches in the "related items" column bear the general secretary’s deep feelings for the people.

In the cotton planting base of Nongyilian Company, the eighth division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the general secretary walked into the field under the scorching sun to observe the growth of cotton and asked growers and agricultural technicians about cotton planting, sales and family income. Not far away is Jiulian Flat Peach Plantation. The General Secretary walked into the depths of Taoyuan and praised the company’s efforts to encourage and support employees to develop planting and breeding, eco-tourism and farmhouse music industries and increase their income in recent years.

In Urumqi international land port area, the general secretary stared at a huge map for a long time. The "Iron Camel Team" followed the road of "hollowing out" in Zhang Qian in the past, crossed the desert and rushed into the Gobi, turning the present northwest border into an open frontier. "It used to be an inland province, but now it is different with the Belt and Road Initiative. It is no longer a remote area, but a core area and a hub area. " Standing at the starting point of the new journey in the second century, the general secretary thinks long-term.

Development is the key to solving problems. "We must deeply understand the close relationship between development and stability, development and people’s livelihood, development and people’s hearts." The general secretary’s earnest entrustment is thought-provoking, and it also carries his beautiful expectation of "enriching the people and rejuvenating Xinjiang"

Those who are good at playing seek potential, and those who are good at planning reach far.

In the second half of 2022, the upcoming 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a major event in the political life of the Party and the country: we should make a macro outlook on the two-step strategic arrangement for building a socialist modern power in an all-round way, and focus on deploying strategic tasks and major initiatives in the next five years.

At the seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels on "Learning the spirit of the important speech of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and Meeting the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the work in the past five years and the great changes in the new era in the past 10 years, carefully analyzed the current situation, clearly put forward the important conclusion that "we have successfully promoted and expanded Chinese modernization" and profoundly pointed out that "we must persist in promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization". Facing the future, the whole party is encouraged to "adapt to the situation, cultivate new machines and open new ones with correct strategic strategies" and "always keep awake and firm in" rushing to the exam ".

着眼于下半年经济工作,总书记主持召开中共中央政治局会议,在党外人士座谈会上明确要求“疫情要防住、经济要稳住、发展要安全”,鼓舞大家“保持战略定力、坚定做好自己的事”。

在庆祝中国人民解放军建军95周年之际,向“八一勋章”获得者颁授勋章和证书,参观“领航强军向复兴——新时代国防和军队建设成就展”。习主席鼓舞士气:“再接再厉,锐意进取,埋头苦干,奋力实现建军一百年奋斗目标。”

致力于“画出最大同心圆”,总书记在中央统战工作会议上,引领大家“准确把握新时代爱国统一战线的历史方位”,对发展壮大新时代爱国统一战线作出重要部署,为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴汇聚磅礴伟力。

征途漫漫,一代又一代人接续奋斗,开启复兴伟业新篇。“依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地,最根本的是要把我们自己的事情做好。”总书记的深邃思考和长远擘画为新时代新征程的中国注入无比坚定的前行力量。

Interview with Academician | Academician Li Yanda of Tsinghua University

Opening speech

In order to implement the spirit and related requirements of the important speech made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the symposium of scientists, and vigorously promote the spirit of scientists, China Optics has opened a column of Interview with Academician since the first issue in 2021.

This column will combine interviews, self-reports and other diversified forms to record the unforgettable stories of academicians in their growth, teaching, scientific research and other experiences, as well as their understanding and thinking on life, science, education and other issues, so as to show the patriotic dedication and innovative and realistic spirit of the older generation of scientists.

Interview with Academician was carefully planned and organized by Chen Xingdan, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a famous optical expert in China. Although Mr. Chen is over 80 years old, he personally invited academicians, called relevant editors to compile and sort out the final draft word by word. Mr. Chen’s hard work is the quality assurance of this column, which is deeply admired and respected by our colleagues.

The column "Interview with Academician" will continue to be carried out, and I sincerely hope that readers can get to know them and understand them through this column, so as to enlighten and gain something.

Editorial Board of China Optics

yanda liMale, Han nationality, born in Dongguan, Guangdong Province on October 12th, 1936. China is an expert in signal processing and bioinformatics, and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Professor Tsinghua University, IEEE Fellow, Fellow of Chinese Institute of Electronics.

In 1959, he graduated from the Department of Computer and Automatic Control in Tsinghua University. He taught in Tsinghua University in July 1958 and retired in October 2018. From 1978 to 1981, as the first group of visiting scholars to the United States after the Cultural Revolution, he visited and studied at MIT. He has served as director of the Department of Automation of Tsinghua University, dean of the School of Information, director of the academic committee of Tsinghua University, member of the school affairs committee, and deputy director of the degree committee of Tsinghua University. In 1991, he was elected member (academician) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has served as a member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and convener of the evaluation group of control science and engineering discipline, director of the Standing Committee of the Information Technology Science Department of China Academy of Sciences, member of the Presidium of the China Academy of Sciences, director of the Teaching Steering Committee of Electronic Information and Electrical Science in Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education, and editor-in-chief of Electronic Journal.

Li Yanda has made important achievements in the theory, algorithm and application of DOA estimation and signal reconstruction. He proposed a new method of time delay estimation, which relaxed the application conditions of signal reconstruction theory. He introduced the theory of signal reconstruction and artificial intelligence technology into the processing and interpretation of seismic exploration data, and put forward a new method to predict underground oil layers by integrating seismic profile, logging and geological knowledge. He achieved a series of pioneering results and achieved remarkable results in practical application, which made an important contribution to the cause of petroleum geophysical signal processing in China. After 1998, he devoted himself to the research of bioinformatics. He regarded the genome as an information system, introduced the idea of information theory and complex system into the analysis of genome and biomolecular system, and made some research achievements in gene regulation analysis and modeling, theoretical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine, and analysis of diseases and targets. He is one of the pioneers in the field of bioinformatics in China.

I spent my childhood in war.

My father, Li Lurong, was born in Nanhai, Guangdong, and worked as a clerk in the administrative organs. Later, he joined relatives as a clerk in Shanghai. My grandfather was a former Qing Dynasty juren with a rich family. My mother, Zhang Ruiwen, inherited her grandfather’s wisdom. She went to school and worked as a primary school teacher. She is thoughtful and opinionated. When her father is away for many years, the whole family is fully supported by her mother.

In 1936, I was born in my grandmother’s home-Dongguan County. I was the first child in my family, and soon I had a second one-my younger brother. I spent my childhood in war. I went to the third grade in Dongguan Yuanyong Primary School and moved to Guangzhou with my family to continue my primary school and junior high school. By the second day of junior high school, I was admitted to Guangya Middle School, which is a school that children from poor families hope to enter. From the second day of junior high school, I entered this boarding school until I graduated from high school, and experienced the liberation of Guangzhou (1950). After liberation, due to the financial difficulties of my family, I insisted on studying with the support of national grants.

Li Yanda as a teenager.

Second, unforgettable and elegant

Guangya Middle School, formerly known as Guangya Academy, was founded in 1888 by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces. Its name is taken from "Broad people are great" and "elegant people are just", which means to cultivate knowledgeable and upright people. In Guangya Middle School, I learned to live independently, manage myself, develop freely and happily, and cultivate my good self-study habit and self-improvement spirit.

I am most interested in physics class.

I am curious by nature and like to explore the unknown. In Guangya Middle School, the course I am most interested in is physics. Mr. Wu Weitang, a physics teacher, gave a logical and fascinating lecture, which showed us a brand-new world. It is a great pleasure for me to borrow extracurricular books, especially reference books on physics. As a result, after a period of time, I couldn’t find any physics extracurricular books that I could continue to borrow in the middle school library. Reading extracurricular books makes me learn actively and deeply.

My diary recorded an impressive physics class. In that class, Mr. Wu asked questions for everyone to answer. "Now ask the fourth question, please answer it. What is the internal current of the battery? Ask Li Yanda to talk about it. " I have thought about this question for a while, and briefly organized what I want to say a few seconds before I stood up. I replied: "Charged ions are attracted by the electric field caused by the two poles and move regularly. Negative ions move to the positive electrode and positive ions move to the negative electrode to form the current in the battery." Teacher Wu kept nodding his head in agreement: "What he said is completely right, and his answer is very good and perfect. Let me ask another question, how to expand the meaning of the current in the conductor and combine the composition of the current inside the battery to summarize the meaning of the current? " Looking forward to everyone. I have been thinking about it for a long time, and finally I think that both electrons and ions are tiny particles with mass, which can be represented by particles. At this time, the teacher’s eyes looked at me and said, "Can you ask Li Yanda to answer this question again?" I stood up and answered briefly, "charged particles are attracted by the electric field and move regularly to form an electric current." Teacher Wu immediately nodded and said, "The answer is absolutely right and can be summarized. Have you thought that electrons are particles like ions? This answer is very good, very rare. Li Yanda must have read a lot of reference books beforehand, and he has a thorough understanding of this question. In the two years since I taught physics in senior high school, no one has given such a complete and comprehensive answer, which is rare. You all study hard at physics,But the power of generalization is not enough, so we should learn from Li Yanda, who summed it up very well. You should know that his answer this time is absolutely right. "Such a compliment is extremely rare for Mr. Wu. Extra-curricular books are really helpful to me. I have read some questions about solution current in extra-curricular books, and I have thought that ions may move. In physics class, the teacher mentioned that "in metal, current only moves electrons, and ions are stationary, but this is not the case in other objects." These words may sound like nothing to other students, but they touched my thoughts and confirmed my understanding. I answered the questions and answers in this class by combining reading extra-curricular books with my experience in class, because these questions would not be talked about in high school physics class at that time.

The habit of reading extracurricular books has benefited me a lot.

I read a wide range of extracurricular books, not only in physics. For example, I have read "A Brief History of Lenin’s Life and Career" and "Marina’s Life Path" and made notes. I wrote in my diary: "This book is so good that it gives me great enlightenment. I like reading books very much at this time. People simply can’t lack books. I especially like reading books about the growth of heroes, typical books about lofty morality, and I like those heroes. A person’s beauty lies not only in his appearance, but also in his heart and whether his character is noble or not. Marina’s goodness lies in her constant upward trend, loyal personality and brave and determined spirit. "

Every time I read a good book, I discuss the topic of life with my partners. Good books are so important to me that I sighed in my diary: "I can’t live without books for a day. The library is the most fascinating place. This feeling has been deeply felt as early as my freshman year." I love what Marx said: I would like to be a bookworm.

From now on, loving reading and reading all kinds of books has become my lifelong hobby, which has also helped me form a self-learning ability. In the first year of high school, I was hospitalized for nearly a month because of illness, and all the courses I missed were made up by myself. Especially when I was studying geometry, I read a book "One Hundred Ways to Solve Geometry Problems" in the hospital, and I actually kept up with the progress. I always feel that I don’t have enough time because I am interested in reading books. Although I also made a reading plan, I never finished it. In addition, as a monitor, I am busy with many things. Gradually, I am used to arranging my time effectively. I often pay attention to the main points and improve efficiency when doing things and reading books. This method is very effective when used in course study. After a class, I can often sort it out with a page, and it is easy to review. Therefore, even during reviewing for exams, I still find time to read extra-curricular books. This habit benefited me a lot in my later study and work.

Third, study in Tsinghua

In college, I have developed a unique set of skills of listening to lectures and reviewing.

After graduating from high school, I was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering in Tsinghua University.

I didn’t know Tsinghua University at first, and my first impressions were two: First, Tsinghua is a good place for diligent study, especially the library in Tsinghua University, which greatly meets my demand for books; Second, Tsinghua University’s teachers are very good, such as Mr. Zhong Shimo, Mr. Zhao Fangxiong, Mr. Tong Shibai, etc. They not only speak well in class, but also have outstanding personality charm.

In this demanding environment of Tsinghua University, I have not only laid a solid foundation in basic knowledge, but also developed my thinking method and learning method. Because of the great freedom and difficulty of studying in college, I have developed a unique set of skills of listening to lectures and reviewing in order to adapt to the tense college life. Because I am good at grasping the main points, once I grasp the main points in class, it is easy to understand; In the classroom, I often feel that there are many tedious and repetitive contents in what the teacher says. Just staring at the teacher will lead to low learning efficiency. It is better to use the time between lectures to compare the teacher’s methods with your own ideas and list your own doubts. In order to grasp the main points of classroom knowledge more quickly, I often take time to read more books and do some preview when reviewing. Five minutes before class, I will recall the preview content and get a general impression of the central content of this class. In this way, I think while listening, analyze while listening, and write down the main points and similarities and differences, which greatly improves the efficiency of listening to lectures. Over time, the classroom is no longer a place to memorize knowledge, but a place for me to do analysis and comparison. Therefore, I can often put forward some of my own views, and I can also integrate the knowledge of extracurricular books into the course content. Throughout one’s life, knowledge is accumulated slowly, and only the knowledge that one is very interested in and carefully thought about will be accumulated in one’s mind. It is not difficult to do this, as long as you have the heart and form a habit, the result will be inevitable.

Dialectics has opened a new window for me

My study habit of reading extracurricular books became an active part in extracurricular activities when I was in college. I remember when I was a sophomore, I took part in extracurricular scientific and technological activities about the essence of electromagnetic field. This is a study of the nature of matter. In some people’s view, the appearance of electromagnetic field makes matter "disappear". In order to discuss this problem, I especially studied dialectics of nature. I like reading Laozi’s Tao Te Ching very much. The dialectical thinking method has opened a new window for me. Without dialectical thinking, it is not only difficult for a person to enter the room in science, but also difficult to suffer setbacks in life. The dialectical thought makes me understand the dialectical relationship between success and failure, and between rise and fall, so that I can face failure calmly and attach importance to learning from it. When it goes well and rises, I often realize the crisis and make arrangements for the next leap. I can often analyze and observe a problem from the big picture and the whole, and look at new technologies and potentials from the perspective of development and change. All these have played an unimaginable role in my future work. Consciously combining dialectics with research work is also one of my most important gains in college.

After graduating from college, I spent seven years in scientific research, groping in practice, learning by doing, and learning what I can’t learn in books. Pay attention to the questions raised by practice, the research results should be applied to practice, understand the gap between book knowledge and practice, etc. These understandings and experiences were learned during this period, and I gradually matured in this way. Exploring the unknown and curiosity is my lifelong interest and pursuit, and it is also an endless driving force for forming a way of thinking.

3 broaden your horizons, climb high and look far.

With the increase of knowledge and the gradual expansion of the fields involved, my knowledge is also growing. I found that many things have similar properties and different fields have internal relations, and my horizons are gradually broadened, and my understanding and understanding of subject boundaries and subject development are also suddenly enlightened, and I gradually have my own insights.

I studied automatic control in college, and engaged in electronics and digital control for more than ten years after graduation. In 1959, I took part in the maintenance and operation of the first machine tool program control computer in China. Although a group of young people in Tsinghua knew little about program-controlled computers at that time, a group of young people who dared to think and do it could design and manufacture program-controlled computers by themselves after a year or two of hard work. This has greatly inspired me to further emancipate my mind and dare to think and do it. Then I led the graduate students to develop the first program-controlled computer of drilling machine in China and put it into production.

Four, MIT for two years.

In 1978, I passed the exam and became the first group of visiting scholars to the United States, and had the opportunity to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). For some other reasons, my research direction shifted from electronics to signal processing. Although I have only been at MIT for two years, I have gained a lot. The most important thing is to broaden my horizons, and at the same time, I have entered a new research field and found a new direction.

In January 1979, Deng Xiaoping (second row, fifth from the left) cordially received the first batch of Chinese students studying in the United States in the new era at the China Embassy in the United States. The third row from the left is Academician Li Yanda.

I used to major in electronic circuits, and I worked under Mr. Tong Shibai. Before going abroad, Mr. Tong arranged for me to learn microprocessor, and asked me to open this course when I came back. At that time, going abroad required two people to write letters of recommendation. I found Mr. Chang Yong, who is a master of MIT and a doctor of Harvard. Mr. Chang asked me to learn signal processing and bring back the class. So it is written on the application form: the first volunteer microprocessor, the second volunteer signal processing.

The tutor I originally chose when I went to MIT was Professor Fan Li, who was the director of the MIT microprocessor laboratory. However, it was the first time that New China sent visiting scholars to the United States, and several institutions did not make it clear that they would accept these people, including MIT. It is said that when MIT professors discussed whether to accept these visiting scholars, Mr. Lin Jiaqiao urged them to accept them. However, some Jewish professors who are very influential in MIT raised some difficult questions. For example, they suggested that the basic condition for visiting scholars is to have a doctorate, and none of these Chinese have a doctorate, so they can only come to MIT as students, not as visiting scholars. As a student, you have to pay tuition, which is actually not accepted. Mr. Lin Jiaqiao argued that there was no doctor’s degree in China, and emphasized that the level of these people met the requirements. The two sides were at loggerheads, and finally a Jewish professor named Oppenheimer proposed a compromise: let them come in first and see before deciding. Finally, MIT professors decided to conduct an investigation for one year. If these people are qualified, they will be treated as visiting scholars, and if they are not qualified, they will be treated as students and receive tuition fees. Because it was Professor Oppenheimer who put forward this suggestion, he would set an example to receive a Chinese and then report the assessment results to other professors a year later. He is an expert in signal processing. After reading the application materials of all visiting scholars, he found that only I chose signal processing. Although it was his second choice, he chose me. So when I came to MIT, I was assigned to Professor Oppenheimer.

I was 42 years old that year, the same year as Professor Oppenheimer. The first time we met, I told him: We graduated from university in the same year, but I just went through the Cultural Revolution for ten years, and you studied for a doctor and opened up your own research direction, so the two of us have been separated for more than ten years. At that time, my first task was to learn the course well, and I could continue to offer this course when I returned to China.

It is not easy to study in Professor Oppenheimer’s laboratory. I have never seen the computer system in the laboratory and I don’t know how to operate it. Once I was studying the instruction set and tried the functions of each instruction one by one. The last instruction was: Shut down. As soon as I executed it, I shut down the computer system of the whole laboratory. At that time, the whole laboratory was in an uproar, and some people had opinions and opinions about Chinese. But then one thing changed my situation.

Although I switched to signal processing from Professor Oppenheimer, I still have the task of learning microprocessor. During the summer vacation, Professor Fan Li’s laboratory provided an Intensive Course on microprocessors. For one and a half months, more than 30 senior engineers attended classes. The process of learning this course was very tight and the homework was very heavy. At that time, my English was not good and I didn’t understand it very well. The final exam is to give each of these more than 30 people a chip, and ask everyone to build a circuit by themselves. If they can read the information in the chip and display it, they will pass. I am very familiar with the circuit. I was the first to make it in two or three days and passed the exam, which surprised some people. The tutor of this course is a graduate student, who is in close contact with Professor Oppenheimer’s laboratory, and the news spread. Since then, the attitude of people in Oppenheimer’s group towards me has changed greatly.

After spending half a year in Oppenheimer’s group, I taught myself two or three courses, such as Signal Processing, by reading books and watching videos. Feeling that I should do scientific research, I went to Professor Oppenheimer and said that I would take part in the scientific research work in the group. Professor Oppenheimer was very surprised. He always thought that I would only take courses, so he asked me which research group I wanted to go to. I chose seismic exploration. Professor Oppenheimer said that he would have a look at it first, and gave me a topic, asking me to find information to do the calculation myself. A week later, I handed in the results, and he gave me another doctoral thesis for me to read. After more than a month, I understood the paper and put forward my own suggestions for improvement, which made me enter his research group. Professor Oppenheimer is an expert on how to apply phase spectrum. At that time, I realized that phase spectrum is closely related to wave delay, and the information of stratum structure can be obtained by using wave delay. My work has also given Professor Oppenheimer a new experience. It turns out that the phase function he proposed can also be used in the study of wave delay and geological structure. Professor Oppenheimer recognized my work, and our group of people also performed well in their respective fields. Therefore, we were all treated as visiting scholars without paying tuition fees, and later MIT accepted new visiting scholars.

Before going abroad, I was mainly teaching in Tsinghua, and my research was mainly tracking and imitating. Only at MIT did I understand how to do scientific research-make new things! During the two years at MIT, my research shifted from electronic circuit to signal processing, which opened up a new research direction and also learned to consider problems from a higher level. Whether it is electronic circuit, signal processing or feedback control, it is actually a problem of information transmission and processing. From a higher level, they are interlinked. I later studied the Internet from the perspective of information control to solve the congestion problem. The essence of bioinformatics is to study the inheritance of DNA information, and information inheritance determines material inheritance. The essence of life is also an information process. All my later work was carried out along such a line.

MIT’s two-year visit has greatly broadened my horizons, made me see the rapid development of foreign science and technology and our backwardness, and strengthened my confidence in emancipating my mind and daring to think and do. However, the most important harvest is: I stand at a different height and have the feeling of climbing high and looking far.

Academician Li Yanda is at MIT campus

Five, after returning to China to explore a new way of seismic exploration data processing technology.

After returning to China, I devoted myself to using new signal processing methods to find oil and natural gas for the country, that is, data processing for oil and gas exploration. It is very complicated and difficult to process a large number of oil and gas exploration data by computer to find oil layers buried thousands of meters underground. There are several ways to find oil and gas now, mainly by the so-called "seismic exploration" method. Geologists usually analyze the conditions of oil generation and accumulation in areas based on geological surveys, and then generate seismic waves through artificial explosions in areas where oil generation and storage are possible. The seismic wave propagates downward to several thousand meters of oil layer and then reflects to the ground, and the reflected wave can be received by installing a geophone on the ground, and then the cross section of the underground structure can be obtained by computer processing. Geological engineers analyze these structures, find structures that can store oil according to experience or known knowledge, and finally confirm them by drilling wells. However, in the early stage of exploration, the success rate of well drilling is often very low. Our task is to assist geological engineers to better judge oil layers and improve the hit rate of well drilling. Processing exploration data by computer developed greatly in 1960s and 1970s, and achieved great success. By the 1980 s, this method had become more and more complicated, and the results achieved were getting smaller and smaller.

After a period of research, although we made great efforts, the results were not very satisfactory, and I began to rethink the route of our work. My thinking is not limited to the specific topic at present, but the whole exploration method. I think the well location determined by seismic exploration often fails to produce oil. What is the fundamental reason? My conclusion is that the main reason is not that the computer processing is not fine enough, but that the data obtained by seismic exploration is not enough to determine the location of underground oil layers. From the point of view of information theory, it is a problem of insufficient information. For this problem, no matter how to study the computer processing method, it can’t be solved. The basic way to solve this problem is to increase the amount of information, that is to say, to supplement new knowledge about underground oil layers from other aspects. The more such knowledge is supplemented, the more effective it is to solve the problem. When I look around the whole process of exploration, I find that there are several important ways to understand the underground oil layer: one is that drilling wells and logging provide local detailed information of the underground; The other is the inference and analysis of underground oil layers by geological engineers according to geological conditions. Then, isn’t it just to solve the problem of insufficient information by incorporating logging data and information provided by geological engineers’ experience into seismic exploration data? However, because geology, logging and seismic exploration technology are all very complex disciplines or technologies, and they are self-contained, usually an engineer only knows one of them, and the separation of disciplines has caused the separation of the three to a certain extent. Secondly,There are also great differences among them in technology. The knowledge of geological engineers is vague and it is difficult to describe them accurately and quantitatively. The resolution of logging data is very high, but it is only a "one-hole view" with a narrow spatial scope; Seismic data has a wide range in space, but its resolution is low in local depth. More importantly, the amount of seismic data is huge, which needs to be processed by a large computer. The processing process is complex and it is difficult for manual intervention. It is very difficult to combine other data on a large computer. Therefore, when I realized that if we can combine the knowledge of logging and geological engineers with seismic data, it is possible to achieve new results, I began to consider how to realize this scheme. However, when I asked some experts to integrate the three, most of them shook their heads and said it was difficult. It is not easy to realize the integration of the three under the environment and limitation of large computers.

In the mid-1980s, when Professor Chang Yong came back from a visit abroad, he told me excitedly that a new type of computer-workstation appeared abroad. Its performance is equivalent to that of medium-sized and large-sized computers, but it is small in size and easy for manual operation and human-computer interaction. I immediately realized that a rare opportunity came-it must be possible to realize the combination of the three on the workstation. I have a premonition that the traditional seismic exploration data processing technology is coming to an end, and it is necessary to make bold decisions and embark on a new road. This is the combination of the above three. This analysis has strengthened my determination to overcome all difficulties and embark on a new path. After several years of hard work, my graduate students and I have opened up a new road, and initially realized the combination of the three, and the effect is obvious. Three new high-yield wells have been drilled in Shengli Oilfield by this new method. At the same time, the international community is developing in this direction. At present, it has become a common working mode and an important means of oil and gas exploration to process seismic exploration, geological engineer interpretation and logging data at the same time on the workstation, and to interact or combine them with each other.

Six, some experiences of scientific research work

1 don’t do what others have done.

When I was doing research work at MIT, I had the opportunity to get in touch with Professor Lin Jiaqiao, a famous scholar. He is a scholar I admire very much and his contribution to mathematics is universally recognized. I asked him what he should pay attention to in learning and what suggestions he had for my future research. He told me, "Don’t do what others have done." This sentence is very enlightening to me. I understand what he said, but it doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t do what others have done. If you want to learn and understand a lot of work, you must repeat what others have done. It goes without saying that a lot of development and production work is done on the basis of others’ work. I think the original intention of his words is: the research topic and research goal you have determined should be unprecedented and truly exploratory and pioneering. If we only repeat and make some repairs on the basis of what others have done, it is of little significance in research and will only waste a lot of energy, which should not be valued by a scientific researcher.

At the beginning of my scientific research work, I only took part in existing projects or worked with teachers, but I didn’t seriously consider this problem. When I came back from the United States in the early 1980s, my horizons and the height of seeing problems were different. Professor Lin Jiaqiao’s instruction can be said to hit the nail on the head, which has raised my research work to a new level. It is from the basic point that "no one has done it" that I set my research objectives and methods. Compared with the past, they all went all out, but the results were very different, which really benefited a lot.

Grasp the key and go all out.

I also adopt the methods used in my study when dealing with research work. When the research topic is determined, I am used to grasping the main points and key points, simplifying the problem into one or two key problems, and then going all out to concentrate on solving it. Because the problem is concentrated into one or two key problems, all your energy can be focused on one or two points, forming great penetration like an awl. For example, when I was studying signal processing methods at MIT, my professor was a famous scholar in the field of signal processing, and his research work reached the most advanced level in the world at that time. As my foundation is weak, he hopes that I can take more courses and learn more about the work done by his doctoral students. But I think "nothing ventured, nothing gained". I should not only learn advanced theories and existing achievements, but also be able to apply and even develop them and create something. This is my goal. According to my analysis, the instructor has made new innovations in signal reconstruction, and the most important point is to reconstruct the signal by using the phase function. I will seize this point and study it in depth; On the other hand, I choose oil and gas exploration data processing as an application field, and a key problem to be solved in this application field is the delay of finding the arrival time of signals. I vaguely feel that there is some connection between the two. After repeated thinking, I find that the arrival time of the signal is determined by the phase function, so the phase function can be used to determine the delay time in essence. I was very excited to find this internal relationship, and then I repeatedly thought about how to express the relationship between the two in mathematics, starting with the establishment of the model.To write general expressions. After continuous thinking, I finally found a new method and a new expression to estimate the delay problem by reconstructing the signal with phase function, and proved the feasibility of this new method with simulation data. This achievement made the guidance professor very happy, and personally took me to the relevant research center to report this achievement and write it into his summary report. Later, this achievement was also published in internationally renowned journals. Grasping the key and going all out, this method not only benefits me greatly in my study, but also is the most important weapon in my research work.

Put forward new goals in time, not afraid of failure.

A discipline has its process of occurrence, development and decline, and a person engaged in research in a certain field has to go through a similar process. When a person reaches the peak of his success, it also means that he may go downhill. At this time, he should be alert, have a sense of crisis, and set new goals for himself in time. In addition, I think, if you want to explore, don’t be afraid of failure. My first success is often based on dozens of failures. I am not afraid to admit defeat. When I put forward some new ideas, I am often ridiculed, opposed and sometimes even sharply criticized by some people. I don’t care about any of this, I just laugh it off. I think this is one of my great advantages.

Why am I always exploring? I think on the one hand, it is out of curiosity, and on the other hand, I see greater opportunities. Since I returned to China in 1981, I have been mainly engaged in seismic exploration data processing for more than ten years. My team has made some achievements after many twists and turns in its research work since childhood. Since 1993, when my research achievements were rewarded and I was undertaking larger projects, I felt that my work in this field for more than ten years had developed from the beginning to a peak and was going downhill. I have a sense of crisis, and I think it’s time to set new goals for myself. My feeling tells me that network information is a rapidly developing new field with a lot of opportunities. Therefore, I set out to set up a network information research group to apply the intelligent information processing methods we have studied for many years to network control and network information retrieval. Although we are beginners in network information, we have accumulated many years of knowledge in intelligent information processing and intelligent control. The establishment of this research group has given us new goals and inspired our new research ideas. With the development of the Internet in the world and the information superhighway in China, our new network information research group has also developed rapidly, attracting a group of promising young people, and our research has also achieved rapid results and published papers in important publications at home and abroad. Since 1996, with the implementation of the human genome project, a large number of genetic information and data have emerged, which urgently need further analysis by information scientists.The research of bioinformatics will be an important topic in the 21st century, and our other bioinformatics research group is also working closely with biologists to conduct new research.

In my opinion, the interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary edge is exactly where we can make great achievements. In the information age, we should not be complacent and arrogant, but be very sensitive, pay great attention to the development of world science and technology, make full use of the information obtained from all over the world through communication and opening up, and keep up with the times.

4. Establish an ideal, scientific and democratic team.

Nowadays, scientific research is always a collective behavior. The combination of experience and insight, acumen and diligence can often be more fully reflected in a group. A promising scholar should also be an organized person. Because I often serve as a monitor and a league branch cadre in middle schools and universities, I have cultivated my ability of unity and organization, and accumulated experience in social work for my future study and work. Teacher Chang Yong placed great expectations on building an ideal, scientific and democratic team, and also did a lot of work, which also had a great impact on me. We bring the spirit of daring to challenge the world-class level to the research group, set high standards, encourage exploration, allow failure, promote democracy and discuss on an equal footing in the research group, and gradually form an atmosphere. Through the efforts of the whole group, we have established a common goal and established national self-confidence and pride. Here, as an organizer, it is most important to have ideals and beliefs, perseverance and disregard for personal gains and losses. Fortunately, I often work in such a group, which is often the source of my innovative ideas and inspiration, and the most sensitive part of my vision and touch. It is great fun to do research and exploration in such a young group.

Academician Li Yanda and his graduate students (Tsinghua University)

5 About basic research

A problem that has been puzzling China’s scientific and technological circles is that science and technology and economy are two skins, and the two cannot be well combined. Over the years, we have always emphasized that "tasks should bring disciplines" and "science and technology should serve the economy", and we have taken many measures, but there are not many original achievements in innovation, and there are still "two skins" in the combination of science and technology and economy. If we have found the problem and attached great importance to it, it has not changed obviously for a long time, then it is likely that we have a problem in the guiding ideology of solving the problem.

When the Second World War came to an end in 1944, people were thinking about how to change science and technology from serving war to serving social development in peacetime. At that time, President Roosevelt gave this task to Dr. Bush, director of the American Scientific Research and Development Agency. After in-depth study, Dr. Bush and a group of outstanding experts put forward a report-"Science-endless frontier". This report has a great influence on the scientific research and economic development of the United States in the following decades. During this period, American science and technology have been at the forefront of the world, and the American economy has been constantly innovating and developing rapidly with the support of science and technology. When our country begins to get rid of the strong external pressure and various wars and carry out reform and opening up in a relatively peaceful environment, it is worth studying the experience provided by this report.

The main focus of this report is on the importance of basic research, which points out that basic research will lead to new knowledge. It provides scientific capital, and it creates such a reserve from which the practical application of knowledge must be extracted. New products and new technological processes are not completely mature as soon as they appear. They are based on new principles and new concepts, which are painstakingly developed in the research work in the purest field of science. Today, basic research has become the leader of technological progress, which is more clear than ever. A country that relies on other countries for new basic scientific knowledge will have a slow industrial development and a weak position in world trade competition, no matter how sophisticated its mechanical skills are. The report requires that the government’s funds for basic research must maintain a steady increase trend. Dr. Bush also pointed out that basic research should be given special protection and special guaranteed support. In 1968, when the US Congress authorized the National Science Foundation to support applied research in addition to basic research, Bush’s Committee on Science and Public Welfare warned that there is a tenacious law governing scientific research: under the pressure of demanding immediate results, applied research will inevitably exclude pure scientific research unless well-thought-out policies are formulated to prevent this from happening. The lesson is clear: it is pure scientific research that deserves and needs special protection and special guaranteed support.

The report also pays special attention to personnel training. In the part of "Renewing our scientific talents", President conant is quoted as saying: "-In every aspect of the whole field that can be properly called" science ",the limiting factor is people. The speed of our progress in a certain direction depends on the number of truly first-rate talents engaged in the said work. So in the final analysis, our basic education policy will determine the future of this country. "

As for strengthening industrial research, the report points out that "the simplest and most effective way for the government to strengthen industrial research is to support basic research and develop scientific talents". The report points out that "one of the most important factors affecting a large number of industrial research is the tax law", and the report suggests that the domestic tax law should be revised to eliminate the uncertainty of deduction of research and development funds.

I think it is clear that we can learn something from this report. The frontier of science and its potential benefits are still endless.

Seven, about personnel training

1 Character, knowledge and talent

Talent cultivation and postgraduate education have always been my thoughts. What do students want to learn in school? I once said the following words to the first-year graduate students of automation department:

Comrade Gao Shiqi, an old senior in Tsinghua, wrote the following words when he returned to Tsinghua in his later years:

"tsinghua campus studied for eight years, and welcomed the new year after 60 years of hard work. 

Today’s dedication stems from yesterday’s learning.

The achievements of old people come from little diligence. " 

It seems that only by being good at learning can you be a good graduate student, and only by being good at learning can you constantly strive for self-improvement and progress.

What should I learn during my graduate studies? I think we should learn "character, knowledge and talent" in reading and research.

Among them, the most difficult and useful thing to learn is character, followed by knowledge and talent. In fact, Tsinghua’s greatest influence on people is Tsinghua people’s character. During the summer vacation, many visitors to Tsinghua asked me where the moonlight was on the lotus pond in Tsinghua. Moonlight in the lotus pond shows Tsinghua people’s elegant sentiment, while Mr. Wen Yiduo’s angry behavior shows Tsinghua people’s integrity and backbone. What impressed our generation the most was Mr. Wang Ganchang. When the organization wanted him to participate in the development of an atomic bomb to counter the nuclear threat of the United States, Wang Ganchang’s answer was: "I would like to make my country." This reflects Tsinghua people’s life goals and traditions. Sentiment, righteousness and ideals of life have influenced generations. If you don’t improve your character, you have never read. This is just as the great scholar Cheng Hao said: "Today people can’t read. If you read the Analects of Confucius, you are such people when you don’t read it, but only such people after you read it, that is, you have never read it. " I hope we can improve our character by reading.

Secondly, what I want to say is to improve my knowledge. This includes knowledge and knowledge. In my opinion, knowledge is easy to learn, but knowledge is hard to find. There are different realms of knowledge.

Mr. Yu Youren wrote two poems:

"Let the cranes fly for thousands of hectares, and fish for a bay."

These are two kinds of realms, a crane soaring into the sky, and the eyes are all over the world. And fishing is just in the river bend. Only with such vision can we have such knowledge. Generally speaking, as Professor Huang Ziqing said, science can only ask "How", not "why". The students joked that science can only say "good" but not "bad". But I think science should be able to ask both "How" and "Why".

But if you ask "Why", it is often a bigger question. Its thinking needs vision, knowledge and imagination, and there is often no answer. Because if you ask "Why", you may ask "Tao". I have a saying, "Tao can be Tao, but it is extraordinary." On a smaller scale, if you take problems that others don’t know or can’t solve as your research direction, you need knowledge and imagination.

If reading and research can not only learn knowledge from teachers and classmates, but also increase "knowledge", it will be "trip worthwhile".

The third is talent, that is, the ability to solve practical problems. Be able to communicate with others, be eloquent, be reasonable, respect others, be good at uniting people and so on. Some people do everything smoothly, and some people can’t do anything. This is the performance of ability.

Some people say that as a graduate student, a good paper is everything. However, how do good papers come out? If you really do research, you are actually exploring in unknown areas. The process is like groping for the exit of a house in the dark. You often hit the wall everywhere, but the door may be at your hand, and you just pass by. At that time, you may be very upset or even very disappointed, so I suggest you, if you are strong enough, stick to it. Or, you may think it’s an act of god, go back to the dormitory and sleep. It’s also feasible to change the house and look for it next week. But never fake or copy. According to my experience, 80% of the time, "God" will give you an exit.

Because most of our research can only be regarded as "fishing in a stream", rather than traveling around the world like a crane, it is not difficult to find an exit. However, character, knowledge and talent are not given by "God". Only these three things are the true meaning of being a successful person and the ability to help you find an exit forever. I hope everyone will pay attention.

2 Postgraduate education should really face the future

Why is it that China has always imitated and tracked more, repeated scientific research at a low level, created less independently, developed new frontier disciplines slowly, and had few top-notch talents at a high level, especially those who led the development of a discipline? In my opinion, in addition to being limited by China’s economic development level and insufficient investment, graduate education should also bear part of the responsibility.

Talents in new frontier disciplines should be trained among graduate students, not just those in existing disciplines. Graduate students will be brought to undergraduate education when they are mature, thus promoting the renewal of undergraduate courses.

It is a well-known problem that the subject content of undergraduate education in China is slowly updated and the content is aging. The root cause is that graduate students have not made great efforts to cultivate new talents in frontier disciplines. With the development of new subject areas, new subject leaders will naturally appear, which is handsome. We are top-notch in the field of science and technology, and there are few talented people who have a great influence in one field, which is also related to the inability to sensitively cultivate talents in new disciplines in the future in graduate education.

Everyone knows that there will be a large number of breakthrough topics from interdisciplinary subjects, but in the past, we often lamented the difficulty in the development of interdisciplinary subjects and attributed it to the imperfect management system. In fact, fundamentally speaking, the guiding ideology of postgraduate education does not really face the future. This can be said to be an important issue that affects the quality of postgraduate training and the training of real talents. This is not a question of specific management methods, but a question of ideas. Without advanced ideas, there will naturally be no new talent training mode, which is worthy of our in-depth consideration.

Take bioinformatics as an example to make a concrete analysis. Since the implementation of the Human Genome Project in the 1990s, biology, especially molecular biology, is undergoing a major change, from the biology that only focused on one gene or one protein in the past to the new system biology. By identifying tens of thousands of genes and millions of single nucleic acid polymorphisms, genomics will help reveal the root of the problem and find the best treatment for many genetic diseases. The wave of "genomics" such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabonomics and proteomics is promoting this change. This is a great opportunity to give birth to new frontier disciplines and grow new academic leaders. However, many graduate students in this field can’t adapt to this change. Where is the problem? Professor David R. Brown (Professor of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Toxicology) of the University of Minnesota in the United States thinks that "part of it is an education problem" because we are training pharmaceutical workers who are aware of the progress of genomics and proteomics? Are we training molecular biologists who will participate in the process of drug discovery? Neither. In this new discipline, molecular biologists and drug workers should not only become information scientists, but also the information among genomics, proteomics, physiology, medicine and biochemistry must be mutually convertible, which is the significance of the discipline of "bioinformatics or In Silico".

People of insight, advanced universities and professors in the United States, Britain and Japan quickly seized this field and trained talents in this new discipline with new teaching contents. The new graduate team also vigorously promoted the development of this field. It has become the consensus of some first-class universities that professors should train a group of new people according to the requirements of the frontier of science and the needs of the future, and corresponding management methods have been developed for many years.

If we just think that this is an interdisciplinary problem, I think it is not enough. Education should really carry out the idea that education should face modernization and the future.

Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, the development of science and technology provides a great opportunity for China’s economic development, and also provides a great opportunity for China’s science and technology to catch up. But why is it that China’s innovation ability has been difficult to improve compared with the world, and it has long lacked real talents and masters? I’m afraid it’s not that our intelligence in Chinese is insufficient. I think part of the problem lies in education, especially postgraduate education.

Tsinghua University celebrated Teachers’ Day in 2015.

Viii. Bioinformatics-Opening up New Fields

Around 1996-1997, the human genome project was in full swing, and a large number of genome data emerged. Being very sensitive to "data", I naturally wouldn’t miss such an opportunity.

The diagnosis and treatment of diseases is moving from reductionism to system theory.

Our diagnosis and treatment of diseases is moving from reductionism to system theory. At present, most of the research on life science still stays in local details. In the future, the study of life science should rise to a holistic and systematic height, because life is a whole. We need to combine micro and macro! The Human Genome Project has brought our analysis of the human body system into the gene level and an unprecedented field. In order to understand the occurrence of diseases, we are eager to understand the function of genes and protein. However, with the exception of a few genes and protein, most genes and protein do not work alone. Most genes and protein often interact with each other, and their relationship is like a very complex network.

We are faced with the following problems: searching for genetic variation that leads to genetic diseases in complex biomolecular networks, searching for drug targets for treating diseases or symptoms from gene protein networks, and then searching for cancer markers.

How to analyze this network? We can’t break up the network and analyze it in multiple parts, but we must analyze it as a whole; However, usually we only know a small part of this complex network. How can we analyze the role of genes or protein from a part of the network? This problem has been bothering us for nearly ten years!

2 Correlation analysis-relationship inference is a breakthrough.

Correlation analysis is a breakthrough! The early breakthrough of this problem lies in finding mutant genes of non-familial genetic diseases. For familial genetic diseases, we can find the corresponding family and find its special gene mutation through linkage analysis; However, for non-familial genetic diseases, traditional methods are no longer applicable. In desperation, people have come up with correlation analysis: simultaneous occurrence is correlation.

Divide patients and healthy people into two groups, and find gene mutations that appear in patients but not in healthy people. These gene mutations are "related" to genetic diseases. Of course, it is not enough to find the related gene mutation, but also to confirm the truly disease-related gene mutation through prior knowledge, mechanism analysis, experimental verification and other methods, preferably through independent verification by a third party. Finally, this method was proved to be feasible, and with the continuous expansion of the experimental population, it was extended to the whole genome analysis and achieved remarkable results.

We further expand the correlation analysis into relationship inference and propose the CIPHER algorithm. We assume that phenotypes are more similar and related genes are closer, that is, "the distribution of phenotypic similarity" is consistent with "the distribution of gene proximity". Given a phenotype, we can find the corresponding genes. The key of this method is to combine the macro and micro, and to connect the characterization with biomolecules. By using the phenotypic correlation, we can find gene mutations with similar phenotypes from known phenotypes, and we can find drug targets for diseases. By using the "relationship inference" method, we have succeeded in some applications.

The change of diagnosis and treatment of diseases from reductionism to system theory is a major development of medical undertakings, which is of great significance to early diagnosis of diseases, precise medical care and drug research and development. Substantial progress has been made in this regard.

2010 Xining-Lhasa Bioinformatics Symposium

3 big data is more about big data.

Relationship inference enables us to understand the meaning of big data more deeply-to provide all aspects of "relationships", which plays a key role in solving complex system problems!

There are a lot of omics data in molecular biology, and there are also a lot of data on diseases and medicine, which is a veritable big data; However, when we search cancer data, we find that the sample size is very small, because even if they are both liver cancers, there are many subtypes, because there are many possible combinations of mutations, and they are closely related, but they are not samples of the same class; What big data gets is actually a high-dimensional small sample, which is "relationship" big data! It is precisely because of the "relationship" provided by big data that relationship inference is of great use. Vigorously developing relationship inference is very important for the prediction and intervention of biological system, social system, social system, financial system, economic system and military system.

Today, science and technology have experienced Newton’s mechanics, Einstein’s theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. It seems that they have developed very richly and profoundly, and mathematics has developed perfectly, with more and more branches of science becoming more and more specialized. When science seems to be omnipotent, when people really face the complex world, they suddenly find that all science and technology are so limited and simple; When people explain the world with the perfect law, they find that they often run into a wall, and the contingency of world development is so great! What the hell is going on here? Now, even the basic problems, people are shaking their faith in the past "truth". For example, how did the universe come into being? Did organisms evolve according to Darwin’s theory of evolution and the principle of survival of the fittest? What is the secret of life? And so on, this is really a wonderful era. In my opinion, the boundaries of various disciplines are becoming more and more blurred, and interdisciplinary subjects have become the fastest-growing disciplines. With the development of computers, the realization of the human genome project, the emergence of global networks and the high-speed exchange of information, the science and technology of human society are developing at an unprecedented speed, and we are facing a new era of science. Random and nonlinear new analytical methods are making great and even fundamental changes in the analytical methods and conclusions of various disciplines in the past. This is a golden age that provides great opportunities for people engaged in scientific exploration! We are living in such a lucky era. In this era, we dare to imagine and be good at cross-research.It is very important to dare to grasp things in essence and in general. Only in this way can we seize the opportunity of this era to the maximum extent and be worthy of this era. I hope such talents will appear more in the East and in China.

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