[Editor’s note]

North and south of the great river, inside and outside the Great Wall, the customs of different regions are very different. What is displayed behind the Year is an epic of the life of China people. The Paper, please speak column launched a special topic of "Remembering the Year", telling about those years, that city, that village, and those people and things related to the Year.

The Paper Gongwei Cartography

First, the "taste of the year" and the year

When this article is published, my daughter will be three years old. Yes, she was born in January 2016.

My daughter is now attending a nursery near her home and can sing "Happy New Year, Happy New Year, Happy New Year to everyone".

Come to think of it, during the New Year, except for the one in its infancy, the other two Spring Festivals she spent were not at home, so she could not feel the "flavor of the year" of family reunion in a larger family; In fact, I have done the same in recent years, because I am more than forty years older than her, and I have failed to feel the "flavor of the year" more times than her.

I failed to feel the "flavor of the year". On the one hand, I failed to return to my hometown and was in a different place. On the other hand, as far as personal experience is concerned, the "taste of the year" in the Spring Festival itself has also faded.

Second, Nian is a monster.

As a male, in the childhood concept, celebrating the New Year in the countryside has a series of benefits, the first of which is to set off firecrackers in a big way. Unlike girls, they seem to pay too much attention to new clothes and wear red and green.

Adults set off firecrackers in the hall house (the house of the older generation in our village is usually shared by two households, and later it gradually became an independent hall house for each household), and the little boys in the neighborhood will step on it. At that time, firecrackers were not as violent as they are now, and many urchins stepped on them together. After a hanging firecracker was trampled out, they could pick up a lot of unfinished firecrackers. Take them apart and set them off one by one, so they can play for a longer time.

Such behavior, of course, is dangerous, and it is not pleasing-the incomplete setting off of firecrackers is not always auspicious; But firecrackers are scarce, and boys are eager for them, so adults can’t stop them, and they are not likely to stop them. The reason should not be that adults are ashamed of their own pockets; More likely, during the Chinese New Year, especially on the first day of New Year’s Day, adults are afraid of children’s crying. In this way, the only thing they can do for such "urchins" is to warn them in advance.

When I was very young, I seemed to cry once on New Year’s Day because I didn’t get the firecrackers I wanted, and my demands were soon satisfied. This surprised me. At that time, I thought, maybe adults are afraid that the monster "Nian" will be attracted by my crying.

I saw the power of this monster on New Year’s Eve. On the morning of New Year’s Eve, my mother had an important job. She filled a sea bowl (a big bowl) with almost stewed pork and chicken, walked to the shrine with incense sticks in the hall, faced it, and held the sea bowl high above her forehead, mumbling something. After reading in front of the shrine, I went to the gate of the hall house (the gate of the hall house is usually opened when I get up and lasts until I go to bed) and repeated it in the middle. After that, pour the meat from the sea bowl back into the pot.

At that time, I thought it was probably to use the aroma of meat to feed the monster Nian. Later, I learned that my mother was "worshipping God" and praying for the blessings of our ancestors. Before "respecting God", people can’t touch the meat in the pot, not even taste the salty soup. The priority of commanding his ancestors at this time made me misunderstand the power of the monster "Nian" when I was young, so that I could control my desires with fear even though my mouth was full of saliva.

At that time, many people in the village still had the standard portraits of Chairman Mao and Chairman Hua above the shrines of their halls! Later, it was worn out, leaving only white traces that were not cleaned. I don’t know whether the mother’s "mumbling" content, in addition to the blessing of the ancestors, will bring the protection of the two chairmen.

After the portraits of the two chairmen, the position above the shrine has been vacant for so many years, but people’s lives are getting better day by day.

Third, New Year’s Eve "Group annual lunch"

Hot air fills the air, red candles are flourishing, and after setting off firecrackers, every household has lunch on New Year’s Eve.

Unlike many places where we eat "New Year’s Eve", the lunch at noon on New Year’s Eve in my hometown is a grand family reunion dinner (the dinner at night is a simple meal for small families themselves). This lunch is cooked by the brother who is the best cook in the family, and the women help. The cooked dishes can be served all over the table. Brothers (whether separated or not), sisters (unmarried), sisters-in-law and sisters-in-law, including grandchildren, all come to the appointed place for dinner, usually the "living room" of their parents’ house (let’s use this name). After the death of their father, the place for the reunion dinner is often chosen at the brother’s house who cooks the reunion dinner.

The so-called "living room" is directly connected with the living room, which has the functions of kitchen, dining room and small living room at the same time (large banquet guests are usually in the living room). In the corner near the window, there are often large benches that are basically fixed against the wall on both sides, and the center of the square they enclose is a kitchen stove. Ground stoves can be used to keep warm at ordinary times; When cooking, you can go to the iron pot; When eating, put the table on one side directly above the kitchen stove, with a wide bench on the edge and parallel to it, and then put a smaller bench on the remaining two sides of the table, so that the family can sit down and eat around the table.

When eating this meal, my father and brothers go to the table together, sit on the first wide bench against the wall, and drink some wine; Women and grandchildren, on the other hand, have to squeeze into the next narrow bench. When there are many people, they can’t even sit in a fixed seat. They can only stand by and eat, and sometimes they have to help their uncles who have finished drinking on the big bench.

This "Group annual lunch" will set off firecrackers when it is eaten. Apart from being serious, it may have a special function now: it is to prevent others from visiting at this time-visitors only need to look at the firecrackers set off in the hall to know that the family is eating "Group annual lunch".

The reason why it is a "group annual lunch" is that after lunch, you have to work until you fall asleep at night. After cleaning the front and back of the house, we should also clean the inside of the house. After that, the family has to take turns to take a shower, so they are often busy until eleven or twelve at night.

The cleaning in front of and behind the house needs the cooperation of the neighbors, and it is often started the day before New Year’s Eve. The focus is on road cleaning and dredging of ditch silt; After cleaning, you need to rinse it with water. Everyone swept, picked, rushed, and worked hard.

Fourth, killing pigs and smashing.

Similarly, uncles, brothers and sisters-in-law need to work together, as well as the preparation of Chinese New Year food and important food that can still be eaten for a long time after the spring of next year; This started as early as the off-year period.

What is particularly lively in my impression is killing pigs and smashing rice cakes.

These two characteristics of adults’ collective labor are: high labor intensity; High technical requirements; It involves a wide range-in addition to uncles, brothers and sisters-in-law in the extended family, it also involves children.

Before killing pigs, the pigs should be driven from the pigsty to the front of the main house. This matter needs the cooperation of a number of able-bodied laborers. In addition to the surgeon controlling the pig’s head, two or three people are needed to control the pig’s front legs, waist and hind legs, lift the pig and move it to the bench placed in advance in the hall. The pig will bark extremely bitterly at this time; After the surgeon tied its mouth with hemp rope, its cry became muffled.

When the housewife or her children are signaled, they have to set off firecrackers in the hall (which may be intended to cross the soul of the pig), and the butcher leans over and takes out the pig-killing knife from the basin with clear water placed under the bench in advance, aiming at the pig’s throat, and the white knife enters and the red knife exits. Blood spurts out and falls into the basin under the control of the surgeon.

The pig’s muffled sound will slowly sink and gradually become quiet. The surgeon loosens the rope at the right time and shakes the pig’s front leg. Occasionally, a sound or two can be made in the pig’s throat, and the residual blood flows out with the shaking of the front leg, which tends to be sporadic. The housewife stepped forward again and opened the basin of steaming blood. When the men released their hands, the pig fell over the bench. On one side is pig blood spilled out of the basin.

Then, the dead pig was moved to the gate of the hall. At first, it was scalded with boiling water (the saying "dead mouse feels no cold" may have originated from a wise man’s personal observation of this real life), and then it was shaved. After that, the pig’s two hind feet were hooked up with a shelf, hung upside down, cut open, and finally split in half.

Its meat is first "divided" among several uncles and brothers at preferential prices, and when it is spare, it is sold in the market. After each family is given the meat, it will be divided into several portions according to seven or eight pounds, and sent to the relatives’ homes such as their grandfathers, uncles and uncles. These families will either transfer the meat they received (sometimes the same piece of meat will even return to the original transferor after several transfers) or cook directly for guests. Or cut into pieces the size of a fist, fry them thoroughly, put them in an urn, sprinkle salt layer by layer, cover them and put them in a cool place, so that they can be stored for months at room temperature without deterioration.

In the case of killing pigs years ago, my father was often the mastermind of the big family. One year, when he was helping one of my cousins to kill pigs, he bit one end of hemp rope with his mouth in order to tie the pig’s screaming mouth. As a result, the pig’s head swung and brought out a few of his teeth. However, he still insisted on killing the pigs. As a result, while he made the pig bleed, the pig also made him bleed a lot.

Afterwards, although my cousin apologized deeply, my father didn’t ask this cousin for any compensation for medical expenses.

Killing pigs is a potential safety hazard, and the dazzling pig-killing knife makes me a little psychologically stressed as a bystander.

It’s much better to pound Ciba-while watching the collective work, you can also taste glutinous rice and soft Ciba with the smell of glutinous rice steaming. At this time, it’s really delicious to put some sugar in my mouth.

When making Ciba, a large amount of glutinous rice must be washed with clear water in advance, soaked for at least one night, taken out and drained, and then steamed in a large steamer to make glutinous rice; Then put it in a stone trough and pound it into mud; Then press it into a round cake with the size of palm open; Finally, several small red flowers are printed on it, dried and put away.

Among them, steaming glutinous rice in a big pot and mashing it into mud are all men’s jobs; After that, the women are in charge.

When ramming Zanba, it is necessary to place the washed stone trough in the center of the hall. The stone trough is very heavy, and the outside is round-the inside is a hemispherical groove, which often needs two lean men to hold it with hemp rope before it can be carried into the hall.

Steaming glutinous rice was put into the stone trough, and four lean men each took tamping tools and began to work around the stone trough. These four tamping tools are all made of wood, two straight and two curved. "Straight" is thick at both ends and small in the middle (easy for two hands to hold), like an elongated and enlarged circular seal; The "bent" person, like an enlarged mallet, has a thick and deep head. After hitting the glutinous rice in the stone trough, the handle can still be a lot higher than the edge of the stone trough.

When operating, stand on the four sides of the stone trough and strike the head of the tamping tool against the glutinous rice in the stone trough in turn in a counterclockwise direction. At the moment of hitting the glutinous rice, the hitter also shouted "Hey!" At this time, the sound of pounding and shouting came one after another, which merged into a busy scene of harvest.

The glutinous rice was pounded more and more sticky, so that when it was taken out by the pounder again and again, the beating work could almost stop. At this time, the people holding the "curved" tamping tools retreated to one side, and the people holding the "straight" tamping tools stepped forward and put the top of their respective tamping tools into the stone trough. While the people turned counterclockwise around the stone trough, the tamping tools were constantly twisted in their hands.

In this way, the quickly rammed and sticky "Ciba" was "scooped" out of the stone trough by two rammers and placed on a plastic cloth sprinkled with oil on the table against the wall. At this time, the women hurried forward and took the "Ciba" from the tamping tool with their oiled hands and piled it into a ball.

After that, the hall was filled with the laughter of women and children. Women will knead the rice cake into the shape of a round cake and dot some "flowers" on it with red ink. In this process, some scraps will be picked up for the children. Children usually can’t wait to eat some, and when they have a bottom, they will pinch out various shapes to play with, and then eat them after playing to a certain extent.

Ciba is dried, stacked together and placed in a vat. It needs to be soaked in water before beginning of spring, covered (it is said that it will not crack), placed in a cool place, and then covered. When the water smells a little, change it again. Ciba preserved in this way can be eaten until almost the Dragon Boat Festival!

Five, that year’s "booming"

On New Year’s Eve, there is another activity called "Sticking Red" (writing and pasting Spring Festival couplets). Compared with killing pigs and smashing rice cakes, the neighborhood involved is limited to the cousin’s house in the same room.

At first, my cousin was in charge of writing and pasting. My cousin was the headmaster of the primary school in our village at that time, and he wrote well in calligraphy. This work is not too tiring, because there are not many Spring Festival couplets to be posted: two doors running through the hall, two doors directly facing the outside of the two "living rooms", plus the door facing the outside of the hall and the shrine; A total of five pairs of small couplets, one pair of big couplets, plus one horizontal batch each, will be done.

Probably after I went to high school, I took on the task of writing and posting Spring Festival couplets for my extended family. At that time, my eldest brother, second brother and third brother were all married and moved out to live in a newly built house. The new house is connected together and divided into three buildings, one for each person, with its own hall, living room, bedroom connecting the hall, and so on. The number of doors that need to be pasted with Spring Festival couplets will also increase greatly.

Therefore, "writing and posting Spring Festival couplets" is enough for me to be busy all day on New Year’s Eve.

"Sticking red" means that the new year is booming, and the memory is also booming, as well as the fire of the kitchen stove in the "living room" on New Year’s Day.

Although I go to bed the latest on New Year’s Eve, my father always gets up the earliest on New Year’s Day. All the vents of the stove are opened, and the coal inside will be burned very brightly, reflecting my father’s bright smile. It is rare to waste coal like this at other times.

The year before my college entrance examination, my father got up early and got greedy for the dark even harder, regardless of his nose cancer. After he married his daughter (my sister) with great prosperity, he was busy planning the tuition fees for me and my little brother (who took the college entrance examination with me that year because he was repeating his studies).

Later, according to the second brother, my father picked a load of cabbage in the early morning of autumn and winter, took a dirt road of five or six miles, and waited for the bus by the asphalt road; Later, I got on the stopped dump truck with the young people and went to the market twenty or thirty miles away. There was no shelter in the car, and when the cold wind blew, his sweat became ice. I caught a cold when I came back from selling vegetables, and my nose cancer turned into liver cancer.

In the early morning of the New Year’s Day in the year of the college entrance examination, I heard firecrackers ringing in my own hall for two or three times, thinking that it was difficult for my father to get up. It is estimated that the firecrackers were set by my little brother except my cousin.

When I opened the door, I still saw my father sitting by the fire. Although the smile on his thin face was no longer bright, his eyes were full of warmth.

"I wish my father a happy new year and good health!"

"good! I wish Xiongxiong a high promotion! "

After a simple conversation, my father took out a hanging 1000 rings and asked me to set them off in the hall.

Stop! Recalling "Nian" was an easy topic. How can I write more and more heavily? At this point, my eyes are full of tears.

I remember that Mr. Jiang Xueliang, the head teacher who had some knowledge of my father’s situation that spring, also asked me during an evening inspection of the dormitory: "Shuixiong, is there any news about your father’s health at home?"

"No news!" I went on to say, "No news is the best news!"

However, about two months before the college entrance examination, the situation of "no news" was broken, and the news from home was brought to school by my second brother.

The second brother said that the reason why he didn’t keep secrets from my little brother and me and risked affecting our college entrance examination was to tell us the "news from home" and take us home for fear that we would blame them for not giving us a chance to give our father a ride in the future.

As for whether this "news from home" has affected my college entrance examination, I think it still has some influence.

After I finished the first course, Chinese, I knew I didn’t do well. Because after writing the composition and checking the answer sheet repeatedly, it was not until 3 minutes before the end of the exam that I found that there were two whole pages, and about 30 points of reading comprehension questions were blank, and I didn’t do them … Finally, I could only fill them out at random while holding my urine!

The inner remorse can be imagined! Sitting in an empty classroom before lunch, my mood fell into a trough. After the silence, there was a strong heat flow in my heart: my father died, and I didn’t have the opportunity to repeat my studies like my little brother. This college entrance examination is my only opportunity, and it may also be the only opportunity to leave my hometown to study. At present, the only thing I can do is to do well in every course behind.

Such an idea may help me seize the only opportunity. In fact, this college entrance examination has indeed become the only college entrance examination in my life-because I was admitted to Jilin University.

According to the second brother, "at that time, some people in the village said sarcastically:’ I passed the exam, but I still can’t afford it!’" It means: after I die, my brother and sister-in-law may not pay for you to study, so wait and see a joke. I told my family at the time that we must fight for this tone. "

As a result, my three brothers and sisters, my mother and my sister’s brother-in-law, each went out of 400 yuan, totaling 2,000 yuan, which was enough for my school year’s expenses (including tuition and fees in 800 yuan each year). My little brother went to a local teachers’ college that year (later upgraded to a university) and spent a lot of money.

This is 1994.

Six, Nian and "Nian Wei Er"

Originally, it was an article recalling "Year", but Lala was miscellaneous, and actually wrote a lot of "heaviness" under the name of "lively" and "prosperous". I hope I won’t leave you with the impression of "sadness and sorrow".

To sort out my thoughts, in fact, I think what I want to express is that in my heart, and possibly in the hearts of people my age, the "taste of the year" is precipitated in the communication between people. It is not only a "human taste", but also a "human touch" for people to communicate and communicate with each other.

This kind of "human touch" of neighborhood cooperation and family reunion embodies and strengthens a small social trust and support system in the form of "reciprocity" to a certain extent, which constitutes a kind of social capital in the countryside-a social relationship that can be used as a resource by people, thus bringing benefits to people.

Of course, "reciprocity" doesn’t mean that there is no "friction", no "war", no "haggle over every ounce" and no "clear accounts with brothers"; Moreover, this "human touch" will change with the general trend of society.

When there is more and more money, people’s lives are getting better and better, when fresh pork can be bought in the village at any time, and when the machine can easily mash glutinous rice into glutinous rice, the lively collective labor at the end of the year has turned into a noisy individual market at ordinary times, and the small social exchange system of "neighborhood watching each other" in rural areas has been replaced by a larger market trading system.

No wonder the old people in the countryside say that nowadays, every day is like Chinese New Year!

Today’s small families, in order to make "Year" look different from usual, will take advantage of annual leave to go out, travel and relax.

Society is becoming more and more modern, communication is becoming more and more transactional, support is becoming more and more systematic (non-interpersonal), family is becoming smaller and smaller, life is becoming more and more personalized, and Chinese New Year is becoming more and more tourist. Even in today’s rural hometown, it is rare to see big guys killing pigs and smashing rice cakes together.

"It is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes"; Generally speaking, a year without "flavor of the year" means that people as social individuals have more space and greater freedom.

However, I think that the "flavor of the year" in my memory has its own value, especially when "it is necessary to hold a group to keep warm when the winter comes". After all, a systematic (non-interpersonal) social support system may not hold up one day or become a monster to bite itself.

Seven, "Happy New Year to everyone!"

My daughter is three years old. She was born in January 2016 and can already sing "Happy New Year to everyone".

Since she went to Sanya, Hainan for the Spring Festival when she was just one year old, I guess, in her mind, "Year" may mean the sea, beaches and waves.

But when I was her age, all I could think about was: "Nian" must be a "monster" that only adults were afraid of. If I was a little careless, the whole family would be punished by Nian.

I have to say that our days are getting better, although our memories are getting "old".

I wish that "the sea, the beach and the waves" will always accompany the memory of the new generation about "Year".

When Wang Shuixiong’s daughter just turned one year old, the whole family spent the New Year in Sanya.

(The author is a researcher at the National Development and Strategy Institute of Renmin University of China)

Recently, Shanghai Sports Lottery issued a notice of suspension during the Spring Festival. According to the notice, according to the Announcement of the Ministry of Finance on the Arrangements for the Closing of the Lottery Market in 2024 (Announcement No.73 of the Ministry of Finance in 2023), the closing time of the sports lottery in the Spring Festival of 2024 is from 0: 00 on February 8 to 24: 00 on February 17. During the closing period, except for instant lottery tickets, the sales, lottery and redemption of other lottery games in the country will be stopped.

The national networking lottery and digital games of sports lottery stopped selling at 0: 00 on February 8, 2024, and resumed selling at 0: 00 on February 18; The arrangement of quiz sessions, opening time, closing time and drawing time of traditional sports lottery football games shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant quiz sessions announced by the Lottery Center of the General Administration of Sports. The sales of national online single quiz football games and basketball games stopped at 22: 00 on February 7 and resumed at 11: 00 on February 18. The specific matters are subject to the announcement of SMG.

It is worth noting that the manual service of Shanghai 95086 Sports Lottery Customer Service Hotline Platform was suspended during the closing period and resumed at 9: 00 on February 18th.

In terms of redemption, during the closing period from February 8 to February 17, all sports lottery stores in Shanghai stopped paying small prizes of less than 20,000 yuan (including 20,000 yuan) for computer-based lottery tickets, and resumed redemption on February 18. The redemption time of CCB grand prize is from February 8 to February 17, when the market is closed, the redemption of grand prize will be suspended, and the redemption will be resumed from February 18.

In order to protect the rights and interests of lottery buyers, if the last day of the redemption period of various games falls during the Spring Festival holiday, the deadline for redemption will be postponed to the first day after the holiday (February 18); If the game redemption period includes 10 days (including February 17th) during the Spring Festival holiday, the deadline for redemption will be extended by 2 days. (From January 30th, China Sports Daily, 08 edition)　

　　Dajiang Net/Dajiang News Client News All-Media ReporterXie Mengli, internZhang Pingting, Zhang YingReport: With the coming of winter, "cherry freedom" has once again appeared in people’s field of vision, and cherries and strawberries known as "high-end fruits" have become the "signature fruits" of many fruit shops. In particular, the terms "the price of cherries was halved" and "the price of cherries finally began to fall" were once rushed to the hot search, causing widespread discussion among netizens.

　　Have Nanchang people really achieved fruit freedom this winter? What is the price of cherries in Nanchang market? In this regard, the reporter visited.

　　The price of cherries varies from store to store.

The cherries sold by Shangchao

　　On January 8, the reporter went to a large supermarket chain on Zhongshan Road and saw that people came and went in the fruit area, and many customers bought all kinds of fruits. As a popular fruit in the season, cherries are filled with two stalls, from one J to four J’s, from 500 grams to exquisite gift boxes, all kinds and dazzling. As can be seen from the price tag, two J cherries imported from the supermarket are priced at 69.9 yuan per catty, while three J cherries from Chile are 79 yuan per catty. "This cherry is still quite expensive. If I buy it in Pinduoduo, it is about 5 kg, which is about 150 yuan, but the imported one is more expensive." Grandma Yang, who is shopping, told reporters.

　　Compared with the price of large supermarkets, the cost performance of street fruit shops and farmers’ markets seems to be higher. During a visit to a fruit shop in donghu district, the reporter found that two J cherries were 58 yuan per catty and three J cherries were 68 yuan per catty. According to the owner, Mr. Huang, compared with the end of last year, cherries of different qualities have dropped by 10 yuan to 20 yuan per catty. "It’s cheaper to buy cherries with three J’s like this pure Bing3 together, as long as it’s 298 yuan a box, and it tastes like a stone, so crisp and sweet, and there is more water." The owner enthusiastically introduced.

　　At the farmer’s market not far away, Mr. Liu, the stall owner, told reporters that two J cherries were in 120 yuan at the end of last year, and this year, as long as they are 63 yuan per catty, they are nearly half cheaper.

　　There is little difference between online and offline prices.

The cherries sold in boxes.

　　Subsequently, the reporter saw on the major e-commerce platforms that all online shopping of cherries can be reached the next day, and the price is distinguished by J number, which is not far from the price of offline fruit shops. The more you buy, the more favorable the price is, usually starting from 2 kg.

　　On another e-commerce APP, the discount is even stronger. The price of three J imported cherries is 198 yuan per catty, and each person is limited to 2 pieces, which is still in the replenishment state.

　　Overall pricewhyDescending?

　　Compared with the average price of cherries in 120 yuan per catty at the end of last year, supermarkets, fruit supermarkets and farmers’ markets all showed a certain downward trend. Just listed for about a month, the price was greatly reduced. What makes the value of "traffic star" half off?

　　"This is of course related to everyone’s needs. When cherries first came out, more people bought them. Most of the domestic cherries have not yet reached the season. Although imported cherries are fast but costly, they are naturally more expensive." A boss who has been doing fruit wholesale all the year round tells the reason. It said that the quality and price of cherries are different due to different places of origin. "Every time cherries are popular in winter, imported cherries with high cost and fast air transportation are more circulating in the market, while the time to market for domestic cherries in China is often spring and summer, so at the end of the year, demand is often in short supply and the market selling price is generally high. With the recent large-scale listing of cherries by sea, the transportation price is lower, and a larger number of cherries flow into the market, and the relationship between supply and demand changes accordingly. It is not surprising that there is a phenomenon of’ price cuts’. "

　　Although the price of cherries has gradually become popular with the people, there are certain differences in the selling price of cherries of different sizes, grades and places of origin in the market, and the price difference between each grade is quite large. Many fruit shops also remind them to be vigilant and cautious when buying, in order to prevent merchants from shoddy, filling small with large, and buying rationally.

Xinhua News Agency, Geneva, October 31 (Reporter Shan Lei) On October 31, FIFA announced that Saudi Arabian Football Association was the only football association to submit an application for hosting the 2034 Football World Cup before the deadline.

FIFA confirmed that it has received an application from Saudi Arabia to host the 2034 World Cup, and Saudi Arabia is the only country that has expressed its interest in hosting the 2034 World Cup.

Previously, FIFA had announced that the only application for hosting the 2030 World Cup was jointly submitted by the Football Associations of Morocco, Portugal and Spain. At present, these three countries have confirmed their willingness to bid. As the centenary celebration of the World Cup will be held in 2030, FIFA plans to hold a World Cup in Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay, and these three countries have also confirmed their willingness to host the World Cup.

Like Morocco, Portugal and Spain, Saudi Arabia still needs to pass the FIFA audit. If these bidding countries can meet the requirements of FIFA and go through the whole bidding process, then FIFA will determine its right to host at the FIFA General Assembly at the end of 2024. (End)

"Every piece of clothing is behind a life."

Behind the fast fashion clothing brands that are popular all over the world today are "sweatshops", the British documentary BBC quoted the interviewees as saying.

A professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong once put forward the concept of "low-end globalization", which means that the raw materials behind a cup of coffee, a piece of clothing and a mobile phone are actually quite cheap.

Those developed countries that master the upstream technology independently complete the relevant design work, but they rely on workers in some underdeveloped areas to grow cotton, process clothes and assemble mobile phones, and then pay these workers extremely low remuneration, and finally sell their products at high prices, thus making a lot of profits.

This seems to be exaggerated, but in fact it is an out-and-out fact.

So, what kind of secret is hidden behind the fast fashion brand?

ZARA, Uniqlo … Since the 21st century, such fast fashion brands can be seen everywhere. They marched into major shopping malls all over the country, attracting the eyes of girls or men, which made them excited.

The reason why these fast fashion brands can last for a long time is that they can constantly innovate and design styles that are more popular and more popular with consumers.

At the same time, its low price is particularly "close to the people" for some college students with low consumption level and young people who go in and out of the workplace. Therefore, based on the above two reasons, fast fashion brands have become the main force in low-end shopping malls and even high-end shopping malls.

But I wonder if readers have ever wondered why these fast fashion brands can win the market with low prices. Is it because other clothing brands have too much premium? Or because of other unknown reasons?

Compared with fast fashion brands, some clothing brands are expensive, but the layout they design seems to be no different from other ordinary brands.

Especially in the current street fashion of luxury goods, a white shirt printed with the logo of luxury brands can be priced at several thousand yuan.

Presumably, some readers will also wonder, when the eye-catching logo disappears, how many consumers will the luxury goods with ordinary but expensive design attract?

This is actually directly related to the positioning of luxury goods. The main crowd of fast fashion brands is young people. The consumption level of 90% of young people can’t afford expensive luxury goods, and luxury goods are essentially customized for the rich.

The physical store under the luxury line focuses on the noble service experience. Take Beijing as an example, in some high-end shopping malls, luxury stores will get the body size of the guests in advance, and then hire stars who are almost completely commensurate with the body size of the guests to try on the clothes, which saves the guests a lot of trouble. The guests only need to watch the whole process and do not need to try on the clothes in person-this is almost a high-end service with a 100% favorable rate.

In addition to the main quality service, what luxury goods do is to let the rich feel the fact that "I have money".

Therefore, even if it is a dress with a very common design style, its price will not be reduced. At this time, luxury goods are not only a piece of clothing, but also a symbol of consumption power and wealth level.

Of course, there are also some luxury users who have a soft spot for luxury goods. Some fashion designers, after trying on a large number of luxury clothes, said that the clothes of luxury brands have a unique role in body modification, which ordinary brands can’t understand. Whether its words are true or not is only for readers to understand.

In fact, I have said so much to point out that the low pricing of fast fashion brands is actually decided by the merchants themselves, and it has little to do with the competition of other brands-all the competitors of fast fashion brands are other fast fashion brands.

The price of one company has become lower, and the other company has quickly launched preferential activities, which has led to a continuous decline in prices. But with the continuous reduction of the price, won’t it eventually lose money?

However, the prices of these fast fashion brand clothes seem to be beyond the bottom line. There are two 99 yuan and one 59 yuan brands everywhere in the shopping malls.

What is this? How can the price of fast fashion brands be so low? This has to start with the foundry of fast fashion brand clothing production.

Second, the origin of low prices of fast fashion brands

For ordinary people, there are four seasons in 365 days a year. But for fast fashion brands, there are 52 seasons in a year, and the main fashion style has only one week’s shelf life. After a week, your own style may be eliminated by the market.

There is also a subtle meaning of this elimination, that is, fast fashion brands will find that other fast fashion brands have also made newer and cheaper clothes after imitating their own styles.

In addition, this week’s shelf life is also related to the design cycle of the fast fashion brand itself. In order to win a place among the fast fashion brands that have sprung up like mushrooms after rain, they must constantly update, and this update cycle is faster than the chip crisis that everyone was afraid of, and the whole process from design to sales is often completed every two weeks. After that, it will take another week to eliminate the latest clothing styles.

How to make your own brand design faster and produce faster has become the pursuit goal of all fast fashion brands.

In the design process, it must be handled by the designer who is in charge of himself, and the time must be relatively generous. If you rush, it may reduce the quality of the design style and thus lose a large number of customer groups.

In this way, we can only compress the time as much as possible from the production process. For developed countries such as the United States and Japan, there are clear requirements for working hours in China. With the improvement of working intensity and the increase of overtime hours, factories must pay corresponding remuneration, which makes the cost of fast fashion brand production greatly increase, which is obviously not what manufacturers like.

Therefore, many fast fashion brands outsource their production to Southeast Asia in Asia, such as Bangladesh, Vietnam and Cambodia. These countries do not have strict labor protection laws and a relatively well-formed industrial system, and can only rely on external investment to earn foreign exchange. Therefore, the local government is even willing to help foreign enterprises "squeeze" their own workers.

The BBC once filmed a documentary called "The Real Cost" to show people what kind of working environment those squeezed groups are facing.

In Cambodia, there are 100 employees in a room of only 100 square meters. Everyone has a small space, and all food and drink must be solved in the seat. When overtime is the worst, you have to work for 12 hours a day.

What kind of 18 hours is this?

The factory is full of flying cotton wool, and the roar of machines is endless. All kinds of waste gas have been wandering in the factory without any filtration. They are not living, but living.

These workers have hardly learned any knowledge, only some experience in garment processing. They have become the cheapest labor products, repeating simple jobs day after day without any promotion.

In addition to this meaningless work, the safety environment of the factory is actually worrying.

In April 2013, a factory in Bangladesh suddenly collapsed. This factory is the outsourcing manufacturer responsible for the processing and production of fast fashion brands such as the United States, Spain and Denmark. A total of 4,000 people were killed or injured in this accident, which is shocking.

After the accident, the children of garment processing workers were crying on the ruins. Most of them lost their two most beloved relatives at once. No one knows how long they can last.

Just two months later, an accident happened at another outsourced garment factory in Cambodia, and hundreds of people were killed in the fire.

Even if they work overtime every day, the living environment is so bad every day, but the salaries of these workers are outrageous.

Let’s make a simple comparison: in the United States, a short skirt of a fast fashion brand is about $8, while the Cambodian worker who is responsible for processing and producing this short skirt may only earn $20 a month. No commission, no bonus, only dry dead wages.

In fact, in Cambodia, the minimum wage per month is around $60.

In the documentary, Cambodian workers held protests again and again, but they were all violently suppressed by the police, and their rights protection repeatedly failed.

After a period of protests, Cambodian workers quickly returned to their posts obediently.

Because they found that if they don’t do it themselves, there are more people who are willing to accept the job with a salary of only $20-countless people are willing to do this job.

Ironically, in 2013, various accidents occurred frequently in the history of clothing, but it was also a year full of fast fashion brands-the net profit of one year reached 3 trillion US dollars.

Until today, the status quo in Cambodia, Bangladesh and other places has not changed. Behind every piece of clothing are workers who bow their heads for life.

Therefore, there is no such thing as a low clothing price. Fast fashion brands can dare to mark the price so low because they are confident that the workers in the foundry must live on this job.

The price behind the seemingly low clothing price has long been marked: workers are on the one hand, and the environment is also on the other.

Because fast fashion brands rely on the word "fast", all kinds of raw materials are continuously transported into processing plants, and some discarded materials are discarded at will.

Among all countries in the world, India is one of the countries that undertake the most garment processing and manufacturing. In order to meet the production needs of some first-line sports brands and fast fashion brands, the Indian government has taken the initiative to plant a large number of genetically modified cotton in its own country.

But this kind of cotton is genetically modified, which means that they have no seeds. Every time they are planted, farmers must re-select seeds and buy pesticides again, otherwise the good land will be abandoned.

As a result, the cost of planting cotton is rising every time, because each kind of cotton needs more fertilizer once.

In the end, the cost of planting even far exceeds the income of harvest. What else can farmers rely on to make a living?

The most famous event is that in the past few years, hundreds of thousands of migrant workers in India committed suicide because of land problems. The murderer behind it, one is the Indian government, and the other is the fast fashion brands in various countries.

However, the harm is far more than that.

As a result of spraying a lot of pesticides, the fields in rural India are full of all kinds of stench, and the drainage ditches are also mixed with all kinds of residual pesticides. Every day, tens of thousands of tons of toxic wastewater flows into the domestic water of the city, killing people.

Some Indians suffer from strange skin diseases because of drinking poisonous river water, and some even have symptoms of hemiplegia. Toxic waste water is harmful to people.

In addition to these manufacturers who are responsible for clothing outsourcing, some countries that buy fast fashion consumer brands on a large scale are also facing various cloth pollution problems.

In the United States, 120 million tons of cloth waste will not be properly treated every year, and it will take at least 200 years for these wastes to degrade naturally.

So, how to deal with this rubbish? Americans choose to discard them in Southeast Asia and reprocess them in developing China countries. In the not-too-distant past, China was once the largest import market for "foreign garbage" in the world.

But for those countries where the industrial system has not been completely built, it is a big problem to deal with garbage.

Garbage transportation, garbage classification, garbage landfill treatment … Every link must have enough money to support and enough technology to guarantee.

Those Southeast Asian countries that blindly accept the garbage produced by European and American countries have gradually realized that "foreign garbage" is a bottomless pit, and all kinds of garbage are continuously transported, but the total amount of global garbage has not decreased at all-the more garbage those countries in Southeast Asia handle, the more garbage produced by European and American countries, and there is no end in sight.

In fact, the definition of fast fashion is not limited to the clothing industry, but the influence of the clothing industry is too great for people to pay attention to. Like coffee industry, IT industry and aquaculture, there are more or less behaviors of squeezing the bottom workers.

In the spring of 2022, Starbucks, an internationally renowned coffee giant, substantially raised the prices of its products. In addition to young people in the city, farmers who grow coffee beans in Yunnan also paid special attention to this news.

According to common sense, the price increase of products is often the price increase of raw materials. But in fact, farmers in Yunnan will not earn a penny more, or even benefit from it.

Yunnan’s coffee production accounts for almost 100% of China’s total coffee production, and spring is the time when coffee plantations are in full swing. Starbucks announced the price increase at this time, but all the farmers still can’t make money.

Starbucks sells a cup of coffee for 40 yuan, and farmers can only earn 20 cents. Some foreign coffee merchants bought coffee beans from Yunnan at a low price, then transported them abroad for deep processing, and finally resold them to China consumers at a high price-realizing the goal of eating them all, and ultimately, not only coffee farmers, but also young people in the city were damaged.

Farmers in Yunnan, like the bottom-level laborers in Southeast Asian countries, seem to be in the trend of rapid growth of fast fashion brands, but in fact they can only be reduced to the bottom part, earning the meager profits and making the hardest efforts.

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He Yong, Qian Tingting, Liao Nuo. Decision analysis of emission reduction of green supply chain led by brand under outsourcing situation [J]. Industrial Engineering, 2022,25(1):37-44+143.

He Ju, Zhou Yongsheng, Zhou Linyun. Research on the Optimal Ordering Pricing of Fast Fashion Brand Retailers under the New Retail Background [J]. Industrial Engineering, 2021,24(1):132-139.

Xinhua News Agency. Fast fashion may aggravate global warming [N].2019.

Chengdu Business Daily. Behind the "Buy in buy buy" carnival, "Fast Fashion" made the global "clothing waste" a disaster [N].2021.

Academician Zhong Nanshan said in the online open class: Since he was young, he has always insisted on physical exercise, taking physical exercise as a part of his life like eating and sleeping, so that he can undertake his daily work normally, and the growth of his age is only a number.

The picture comes from the National Healthy Lifestyle Action.

Is there really such a big difference between exercising and not exercising?

01

Long-term exercise leads to slow aging.

A mouse study conducted in 2020 found that aerobic exercise improved the muscle repair ability of old mice and improved muscle stem cells. The study published in Nature Metabolism mentioned that the exercised mice did not produce more muscle stem cells, but the "old cells" recovered their vitality. In this way, exercise is the most reliable way of "reverse growth".

02

Exercise can fight against vascular aging

Studies have found that running for six months can make blood vessels 4 years younger. This foreign study has trained people who have no previous running experience for six months and participated in the marathon. After such a process, it was found that six months of exercise significantly reduced their blood pressure and arteriosclerosis, which was equivalent to aging blood vessels.

03

Exercise "brakes" skin aging.

It is said that exercise is the best skin care product. Domestic studies have found that exercise can promote microcirculation and increase the ability of skin to inhale oxygen. At the same time, with the secretion of sweat during exercise, it will help the waste in the skin to be discharged, which can clean the skin and make the skin smoother.

04

Long-term exercise can slow down muscle loss.

In the research progress of muscle attenuation syndrome published in the international journal of gerontology in 2012, it is mentioned that after 30 years old, muscles lose 1% ~ 5% every year; After the age of 60, the muscle strength decreases by 3 ~ 5% every year; After 70 years old, the muscle strength of elderly women will drop by 50%~70%. The loss of 30% muscle will affect normal function, and the loss of 40% will be life-threatening. Muscles decrease with age, but exercise can delay this process.

05

Exercise can slow down heart and lung aging.

Breathless climbing stairs? It’s time to add some exercises to improve heart and lung function. Cardiopulmonary endurance is a person’s ability to continue physical activities. A lot of aerobic exercise can help us exercise cardiopulmonary function and slow down cardiopulmonary aging. The easiest exercise: brisk walking, jogging, cycling and so on.

06

People who exercise will be in a better mood

A study published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that the average person always has a few unhappy days every month, and those who actively exercise have 1.5 fewer depressed days than those who don’t participate in any exercise. It can be seen that exercise is good for people with mild depression and a history of depression, and depressed days are much less.

07

It’s better to keep exercising and sleeping.

For people who often suffer from insomnia, exercise is one of the effective ways to regulate sleep. Insomnia people can play a certain role in regulating the excitement and inhibition of the nervous system if they take physical exercise for a period of time, and establish a good cycle for sleep.

08

People who exercise are less sick.

Most people still stay in exercise to lose weight. In fact, when the weight is controlled, it will promote the regulation of blood pressure and blood lipid, so as to better control diabetes, improve physical condition and reduce the probability of disease.

09

Exercise makes people digest well.

It feels comfortable to take a walk after dinner. This is because exercise shortens the time of intestinal transmission, is conducive to defecation, and also helps to promote digestion and absorption. Sticking to long-term regular exercise is more beneficial to digestion. For example, when walking, our internal organs tremble slightly, and the diaphragm will move up and down during breathing, which will massage the gastrointestinal tract, accelerate gastrointestinal peristalsis and promote digestion and absorption.

10

It is better to insist on exercising bones.

Does exercise harm bone health? Improper exercise will affect bone health, but proper exercise will also stimulate the secretion of cytokines and mobilize bone reconstruction units. Especially in sports, under the proper stress, the bones are deformed, and the "bone reconstruction project" of the body begins to start!

11

Exercise makes people smarter.

Studies have found that even low-intensity exercise can have a significant impact on expanding brain capacity and delaying brain aging. Compared with those who walk less than 5,000 steps a day, it reaches 5,000 ~ 7,499 steps, 7,500 ~ 9,999 steps, 10,000 steps or more, which is equivalent to delaying brain aging for 0.45 years, 1.45 years and 1.75 years respectively.

The text is synthesized from Health Times.

END

Transfer from: Healthy Yunnan Action

Source: Traffic Police Brigade of Wenshan Public Security Bureau

Xihai all-media reporter Lu Jinwu correspondent Shi Yanshou Wen/map

"On May 20th, the interventional catheter room of Minhe County People’s Hospital was opened with the help of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. On May 26th, the interventional catheter room of Minhe County People’s Hospital successfully performed the first coronary angiography and coronary stent implantation for cardiovascular patients, which filled the gap in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Minhe County medical institutions. Among them, the intervention of acute myocardial infarction without implant surgery and right heart catheterization was the first case in Haidong City … "On the subscription number of Haidong Citizen and Hui and Tu Autonomous County People’s Hospital, the successful cases obtained by the hospital in" group-type "assistance were recorded.

Since 2016, Binhu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, and the Ninth People’s Hospital of Wuxi City have dispatched business backbones and department experts to Minhe County to carry out "group-style" health assistance work, so that the masses can enjoy high-quality and efficient medical and health services.

In the past, many patients in Minhe County could only be treated for cardiovascular diseases in Qinghai provincial hospitals. Li Wanfeng, president of Minhe County People’s Hospital, told the reporter that in 2010, Minhe County People’s Hospital added the Department of Cardiology. In 2011, 10 outstanding medical backbones were sent to anzhen hospital to receive a one-year training in cardiovascular disease treatment technology. After the training, due to the lack of coronary intervention treatment equipment, cardiovascular disease treatment only stayed on simple diagnosis and thrombolysis technology.

And this "stay" lasted for nearly 10 years.

The management of Minhe County People’s Hospital began to think about the solution.

Li Wanfeng said that with the strong support of the Minhe County Party Committee and the county government and the matchmaking of the temporary leaders in Binhu District of Wuxi City, Minhe County People’s Hospital won more than 6 million yuan from the east and the west, purchased medical equipment such as digital subtraction angiography, and prepared an interventional catheter room, equipped with domestic advanced ceiling-mounted large flat-panel C-arm machine, multifunctional ECG pressure monitor, defibrillator, high-pressure syringe and other medical equipment.

The establishment and operation of interventional catheter room in Minhe County People’s Hospital brings hope to patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Dong Zhichao, deputy chief physician of the Third Department of Coronary Heart Disease in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, said that on May 20th, he came to Minhe County People’s Hospital from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University to carry out medical assistance. On the 6th day of his arrival, he completed the first case of coronary angiography+coronary stent implantation in Minhe County People’s Hospital. On the 14th day of arrival, the first emergency coronary intervention was completed. With the support of the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Cardiology Society donated a surgical teaching and remote consultation system worth 1 million yuan to Minhe County People’s Hospital, which provided a platform for patients to seek medical treatment efficiently and quickly. The hospital has carried out surgical trial teaching, special lectures, remote consultation, etc. by using the platform, which has improved the diagnosis and treatment ability of common cardiovascular diseases of medical staff.

Li Wanfeng said that since 2016, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University has sent 47 experts to help, and has carried out assistance work for departments such as cardiovascular medicine, general surgery, urology, gastroenterology, and critical care medicine.

Especially since the beginning of this year, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University has sent seven high-quality, competent, professional and hard-working help experts, bringing new ideas and new technologies to Minhe County People’s Hospital, and cultivating a group of local talents for the hospital by mentoring. Since the interventional catheter room was put into use, Minhe County People’s Hospital has treated nearly 140 patients with cardiovascular diseases, reducing the medical burden of local people.