Academic misconduct is exposed again in colleges and universities.

Recently, The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) reporter received the news that a master’s degree thesis of Jilin University was caught in the embarrassment of suspected large-scale plagiarism. What was plagiarized was a master’s degree thesis of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

The Paper reporter downloaded these two master’s degree theses from China HowNet, namelyResearch on helicopter landing position measurement based on close-range photography by Zhu Xiaoxiao, a graduate of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics majoring in mechanical manufacturing and automation in 2007.(hereinafter referred to as "Zhu Xiaoxiao’s Paper") andResearch on automatic measurement of helicopter landing position based on close-range photogrammetry and pattern recognition technology by Li Rui, a graduate of applied mathematics major in Jilin University in 2008.(hereinafter referred to as "Li Rui’s thesis").

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis was completed in March 2007, and Li Rui’s thesis was completed in April 2008, which was one year later than Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis.

After careful comparison, The Paper reporter found that,Most of the words in the two papers are almost identical. Li Rui’s paper is highly similar to Zhu Xiaoxiao’s except for the chapter "Pattern Recognition Theory and Its Algorithm Realization".

Li Rui’s thesis is divided into six chapters, five of which are highly consistent with Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis from title to chapter summary, and are almost verbatim copied from the original text. Even the "thank you" part at the end of the article copied Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper and used the same adjectives to describe the mentor’s elder demeanor and scholar charm. These words include "noble character", "rigorous scholarship", "profound knowledge" and "open mind".

On February 27th, Qu Jiawei, a staff member of the Propaganda Department of Jilin University Party Committee, said in an interview with The Paper that at present, he didn’t know about the alleged plagiarism of Li Rui’s paper, and he would report it to the relevant departments as soon as possible, which would be searched and verified by the relevant departments of the school, and pointed out that the school had a thorough and complete system for academic plagiarism. Qu Jiawei revealed at that time that because Jilin University was still on winter vacation, he would have to wait until the start of school to get a detailed understanding of the matter.

On March 14th, the reporter from The Paper called Qu Jiawei again, and he got the reply that he had not contacted the relevant departments on this matter. He suggested that the reporter could communicate with the academic degree office and other departments to report it.

The Paper reporter then again.Many times I contacted the Graduate School of Jilin University and the School of Mathematics of Jilin University, Li Rui’s postgraduate training unit, and I was told that I didn’t know and couldn’t cooperate to understand the situation. The reply given by the Academic Degree Office of Jilin University is that further investigation will be made after seeing the papers suspected of plagiarism.

The Paper reporter also contacted Li Rui’s master tutor and Professor Wu Tieru from the School of Mathematics, Jilin University. As of press time, The Paper reporter failed to get a reply from Wu Tieru.

The title, abstract and keywords are highly similar.

Judging from the title, abstract and keywords, there are many similarities between the two papers.

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is entitled "Research on Helicopter Landing Position Measurement Based on Close-range Photography" and Li Rui’s thesis is entitled "Research on Automatic Measurement of Helicopter Landing Position Based on Close-range Photography and Pattern Recognition". Although the latter has more keywords than the former, the research objects of the two papers overlap, that is, both have the part of "Research on Helicopter Landing Position Measurement Based on Close-range Photography".

The two abstracts are also highly similar in the content expression of "helicopter landing position measurement with close-range photography technology"

For example, the abstract of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper begins with: "At present, the measurement of helicopter landing position mainly depends on visual inspection, which has poor accuracy and harsh working environment, so a new measurement method is needed to replace visual inspection. In recent years, close-range photogrammetry technology has been widely used in all walks of life as a non-contact high-precision measurement method. "

Abstract of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "At present, the measurement of helicopter landing position mainly depends on visual inspection, which has poor accuracy and harsh working environment, so a new measurement method is needed to replace the visual inspection method. In recent years, close-range photogrammetry technology has been widely used in all walks of life as a non-contact high-precision measurement method. "

Abstract of Li Rui’s thesis

These two paragraphs are exactly the same except for a few words such as "so".

There is only one difference in the key words of the two papers. The key words of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper are less than those of Li Rui’s paper by "pattern recognition".

The whole chapter and paragraph of the text are not copied word for word.

Judging from the contents, the structures of the two papers are almost the same.

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is divided into five chapters, the titles of which are introduction, close-range photogrammetry theory, measurement algorithm and experimental research, construction of measurement system and field experimental research, summary and prospect.

Catalogue of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s papers

Li Rui’s thesis is divided into six chapters, except the fourth chapter "Pattern recognition theory and its algorithm realization" which is not found in Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis. The titles of the other five chapters are the same as Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis, which are "Introduction", "Close-range photogrammetry theory", "Measurement algorithm and experimental research", "Construction of measurement system and field experimental research" and "Summary and prospect" in turn.

Li Rui’s thesis catalogue

The Paper reporter found that the five chapters with the same title are similar in a large area from structure to specific text expression, and several paragraphs are even verbatim.

Taking the first chapter as an example, Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper wrote at the beginning of the section "Main research work of this paper": "In order to use close-range photogrammetry technology to collect the helicopter landing point, and achieve the purpose of high accuracy and convenient and safe measurement, the main problems studied in this paper include: the study of the basic principles of close-range photogrammetry technology (including collinear equation and direct linear transformation method); The influence of several factors on the measurement accuracy is investigated through experimental research. Compilation of measurement software system, construction of hardware system and field test research. "

The first chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "In order to combine close-range photogrammetry technology and image pattern recognition technology to realize the automatic acquisition of helicopter landing point, and achieve the purpose of high precision, convenient measurement and safety, the main problems studied in this paper include: (1) the study of the basic principles of close-range photogrammetry technology (including collinear equation and direct linear transformation method); The influence of several factors on the measurement accuracy is investigated through experimental research. The fuzzy image pattern recognition technology is preliminarily explored. Compilation of measurement software system, construction of hardware system and field test research. "

The first chapter of Li Rui’s thesis

Except for the addition of two words such as "image pattern recognition technology" and the addition of the word "automatic", these two paragraphs are almost the same, including the comments in brackets.

Taking the second chapter as an example, the two papers are highly similar from the beginning of the introduction, and discuss the basic knowledge of close-range photogrammetry theory, collinear condition equation and its processing method, direct linear transformation solution and so on in almost exactly the same language.

For example, the introduction of the second chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is: "Close-range photogrammetry theory is the basic theory used in this topic. This theory establishes the mapping relationship between the measured coordinate space and the photo coordinate space, which is a function of the relative positions of the two coordinate spaces and camera parameters. Through this mapping relationship, the internal and external elements of the camera can be calibrated and the position of the object can be measured. These two applications are a pair of opposite processes. The internal and external elements of the camera are calibrated by knowing the real space coordinates and the corresponding photo space coordinates to solve the camera parameters. The measurement of object position is to know the camera parameters and photo space coordinates to solve the real space coordinates. This chapter mainly introduces the principle of close-range photogrammetry. "

Chapter 2 of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "Close-range photogrammetry theory is one of the basic theories used in this topic. This theory establishes the mapping relationship between the measured coordinate space and the photo coordinate space, which is a function of the relative positions of the two coordinate spaces and camera parameters. Through this mapping relationship, the internal and external elements of the camera can be calibrated and the position of the object can be measured. These two applications are a pair of opposite processes. The internal and external elements of the camera are calibrated by knowing the real space coordinates and the corresponding photo space coordinates to solve the camera parameters. The measurement of object position is to know the camera parameters and photo space coordinates to solve the real space coordinates. This chapter mainly introduces the principle of close-range photogrammetry. "

The second chapter of Li Rui’s thesis

In these two paragraphs, Li Rui’s thesis is exactly the same as Zhu Xiaoxiao’s except for the word "one".

Take the third chapter of the two papers as an example. The contents of the whole chapter are highly overlapping, and the positions of broken lines of several paragraphs are consistent.

For example, in the small-scale three-dimensional space measurement experiment, Zhu Xiaoxiao wrote in the "experimental scheme": "For three-dimensional photogrammetry, the calibration point must have three-dimensional coordinates. In the experiment, a number of rod-shaped markers with a certain height are made, as shown in Figure 3.2(a), and the dot with a diameter of 2mm at the top of the marker is used as the calibration point. In order to construct a three-dimensional object coordinate system, a network graph paper is laid flat on the ground, and an xy plane is formed with two sides of the grid paper as the X and Y axes respectively, with the direction perpendicular to the ground as the Z direction and the upper left corner of the grid paper as the origin. The three-dimensional coordinate system is shown in Figure 3.2(b). Because the minimum scale of grid paper is 1mm, the position error of calibration point in X and Y direction is 0.5 mm.. By measuring the z-direction error is 1 mm. "

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "For three-dimensional photogrammetry, the calibration point must have three-dimensional coordinates. In the experiment, several rod-shaped markers with a certain height are made, as shown in Figure 3.2(a), and the dot with a diameter of 2mm at the top of the marker is used as the calibration point. In order to construct a three-dimensional object coordinate system, a network graph paper is laid flat on the ground, and an xy plane is formed with two sides of the grid paper as the X and Y axes respectively, with the direction perpendicular to the ground as the Z direction and the upper left corner of the grid paper as the origin. The three-dimensional coordinate system is shown in Figure 3.2(b). Because the minimum scale of grid paper is 1mm, the position error of calibration point in X and Y direction is 0.5 mm.. By measuring the z-direction error is 1 mm. "

There is no difference between the above two paragraphs. Not only are the experimental schemes exactly the same, but also the measured data and errors are completely consistent.

The fourth chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis systematically discusses the construction of measurement system and field test research. At the end of the chapter, the "experimental conclusion" wrote: "The field test results show that the measurement of landing point data based on close-range photography technology has achieved ideal accuracy, which is greatly improved compared with the visual method. During the measurement, because only one calibration is needed, the measurement can be repeated many times, so the measurement is convenient and efficient. At the same time, the remote control method is adopted to shoot, which greatly improves the measurement environment and makes the measurement safer. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is feasible to apply close-range photogrammetry technology to helicopter landing point data collection, which can not only achieve high precision, but also make the measurement more convenient and safe. "

Chapter 4 of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

The fifth chapter of Li Rui’s thesis also discusses the same content. The "test conclusion" is: "The field test results show that the measurement of landing point data based on close-range photography technology has achieved ideal accuracy, which is much higher than that of visual inspection method. During the measurement, because only one calibration is needed, the measurement can be repeated many times, so the measurement is convenient and efficient. At the same time, the remote control method is adopted to shoot, which greatly improves the measurement environment and makes the measurement safer. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is feasible to apply close-range photogrammetry technology to helicopter landing point data collection, which can not only achieve high precision, but also make the measurement more convenient and safe. "

Chapter 5 of Li Rui’s thesis

The two paragraphs are verbatim.

Take the fifth chapter of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis and the sixth chapter of Li Rui’s thesis as examples. The titles are "Summary and Prospect". In the "summary" part of Li Rui’s paper, except for the sentence "The application of fuzzy pattern recognition in this study has achieved good results, which has solved the problem of automatic identification of landing points and improved the automation level of this study", the other words can be found in the "summary" content of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper.

The "outlook" part of the two chapters is also verbatim.

In Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper "Outlook", there are four aspects that should be broken through in the future. The first aspect is: "In theoretical research, this paper introduces the establishment and solution of collinear equation with linear error and collinear equation with nonlinear error, but for the sake of simplicity, this paper uses collinear equation with linear error. Therefore, in the future research, the collinear equation of nonlinear error should be studied, so that higher accuracy can be obtained. "

Li Rui’s paper wrote: "In theoretical research, this paper introduces the establishment and solution of collinear equation with linear error and collinear equation with nonlinear error, but for the sake of simplicity, this paper uses collinear equation with linear error. Therefore, in the future research, the collinear equation of nonlinear error should be studied, so that higher accuracy can be obtained. "

The above two paragraphs once again appear exactly the same expression.

In addition to the text, the similar parts of the two papers also include the "thank you" at the end of the article. The "thanks" in Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis and Li Rui’s thesis both begin with "three years of wonderful postgraduate career is coming to an end, and I will say goodbye soon …", both of which express that "I can’t help feeling deeply when I look back on various experiences in the past three years", and I want to express my sincere thanks to all those who have always cared for and supported me.

In addition, although the instructor of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis is different from that of Li Rui’s thesis, both of them use the same adjectives to describe the mentor’s elder demeanor and scholar charm.

For example, Zhu Xiaoxiao wrote in his paper: "First of all, I sincerely thank my mentors Professor Wang Min and Professor Zuo Dunwen. The two tutors are noble in character, rigorous in scholarship, knowledgeable and open-minded, which embodies the demeanor of the elderly and the charm of scholars everywhere. In the process of topic selection, writing and project implementation, it is with the comprehensive and careful guidance of Professor Zuo Dunwen that the paper can be successfully completed. On the occasion of the completion of the thesis, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and high respect to the two tutors. "

Li Rui’s thesis is: "First of all, I sincerely thank Professor Wu Tieru. The tutor is noble in character, rigorous in scholarship, knowledgeable and open-minded, which reflects the demeanor of the elderly and the charm of scholars everywhere. In the process of topic selection, writing and project implementation, it is with the comprehensive and careful guidance of Professor Wu Tieru that the paper can be successfully completed. On the occasion of the completion of the thesis, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and high respect to the tutor. "

Except for the difference between individual words such as "loyalty" and "heartfelt" and the change of the tutor’s name, these two paragraphs are completely consistent.

It is worth noting that the two papers also thanked the same person, that is, "Teacher Yu Yaping in the laboratory".They all said that "Mr. Yu designed and manufactured the calibration objects needed for this topic, and provided a lot of guidance and help for the development of the experiment. I am especially grateful to Mr. Yu".

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper thanks

Li Rui’s paper thanks

The quotation "lost" one, and the picture and text "paid attention to one thing and lost another"

The Paper reporters also found that Li Rui’s paper made some low-level mistakes in several details due to carelessness in writing.

For example, "lost" a citation. The first citation in Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper appeared at the beginning of the first chapter "Introduction" and was marked as "[1]". When introducing the background of the project, Zhu Xiaoxiao wrote: "This project is entrusted by the Ship System Engineering Department of China Shipbuilding Corporation to develop a computer-aided design tool for its design department. [1]”

The second and third quotes appear at the end of the first paragraph of the section "Introduction to Photogrammetry" in the Introduction. The specific content is: "Among them, photogrammetry focuses on extracting geometric information, while remote sensing focuses on extracting physical information. That is to say, the process, science and technology of obtaining reliable geometric information of the earth, its environment and other objects from a non-contact imaging system through recording, measuring, analyzing and expressing. [2][3]”

The second and third citations in Li Rui’s paper are consistent with Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper. But The Paper reporter didn’t find the first citation in Li Rui’s paper.

This also means that the citation of Li Rui’s paper begins with "[2]".

Another place in Li Rui’s paper that "pays attention to one thing and loses the other" appears in the fifth chapter "Construction of measurement system and field test research". At the beginning of the "Error Analysis" section, it is mentioned that "As can be seen from Tables 4.2 and 4.3, the maximum average error of software measurement is 2.6cm, while the average error of visual measurement is 20.1cm…… …"

However, The Paper reporter did not find Table 4.2 and Table 4.3 in Li Rui’s paper. It is found in the context that Li Rui’s paper lists "Table 5.2 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera" and "Table 5.3 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera". The above data conclusions are also based on these two tables.

However, this is not a simple clerical error.

Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis

Li Rui’s thesis

As can be seen from Table 4.2 and Table 4.3, the maximum average error of software measurement is 2.6cm, while the average error of visual measurement is 20.1cm…… … "is exactly the same in the" Error Analysis "in Chapter 4 of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper. However, Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper is consistent in picture and text, which lists "Table 4.2 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera" and "Table 4.3 Measurement Results of Left Measuring Camera".

Both papers have "original statements"

Although Li Rui’s thesis and Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis have a large area of similar words, both master’s degree theses have an Original Statement.

The original undertaking of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis states: "As far as I know, the research results of this dissertation do not contain any content that others enjoy copyright, except what has been quoted in the text. Other individuals and collectives who have contributed to the research work involved in this paper have been clearly identified in this paper. "

The original statement of Li Rui’s paper is consistent with that of Zhu Xiaoxiao’s paper. And in the original statement, there is Li Rui’s own autograph and the date of April 15, 2008.

Because the completion time is one year later than Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis, and Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis has a very clear subject background, that is, "this project is entrusted by the Ship System Engineering Department of China Shipbuilding Corporation to develop a computer-aided design tool for its design department", and Li Rui’s thesis, a master student of Jilin University, completed in April 2008, is suspected of copying Zhu Xiaoxiao’s thesis.

The Paper reporter noted that,The degree category of Li Rui’s thesis is quite special, that is, "Teachers in colleges and universities are studying for master’s degrees on the job".

The Paper learned from official website of Jilin University that in November, 2015, the Graduate School of Jilin University published the Measures for Handling the Behavior of Jilin University Graduate Students in Violation of Academic Norms in its official website. Article 8 stipulates that academic degree evaluation committee shall decide whether to revoke the degree and the corresponding qualifications of those who have obtained the degree in violation of academic norms. If a decision has been made to cancel the degree and graduate qualification, the training unit where it belongs will inform its work unit of the decision and file it in its personal file, and at the same time withdraw its degree certificate and graduation certificate. Article 10 stipulates that anyone who violates academic norms has violated relevant state laws and regulations, and will be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

Catalogue

　　The first part of the 2019 annual departmental final accounts report

　　I. Summary of final accounts of income and expenditure

　　Second, the income statement

　　Iii. Final Statement of Expenditure

　　IV. Summary of Final Accounts of Financial Appropriation Income and Expenditure

　　V. Final Statement of General Public Budget Financial Allocation Expenditure

　　VI. Final Statement of Basic Expenditure of General Public Budget Financial Allocation

　　Seven, the government fund budget financial allocation income and expenditure statement.

　　Eight, the government fund budget financial allocation of basic expenditure statement

　　Nine, the financial allocation "three public" expenditure statement

　　X. Table of Government Procurement

　　XI. Table of Government Expenditure on Purchasing Services

　　The second part of the 2019 annual departmental accounts.

　　Part III Information on Other Important Matters in 2019

　　The fourth part is the performance evaluation of departments in 2019

The first part of the 2019 annual departmental final accounts report

　　See Annex 1 for details of the report.

The second part of the 2019 annual departmental accounts.

　　I. Basic information of the department

　　(1) Establishment and responsibilities of departments and institutions

　　1. Departmental organization setup

　　(1) Internal institutions

　　According to the "Beijing Institutional Reform Plan" approved by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission was established. According to the Notice of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on the Function Allocation, Internal Organizations and Staffing of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, there are 24 internal organizations including offices.

　　(2) The subordinate budget unit

　　In the final accounts of 2019, there is one administrative department of the Municipal Education Commission and 54 public institutions. Institutions include:

　　Capital Normal University, Beijing University of Technology, capital university of economics and business, Capital Institute of Physical Education, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing Youth University for Politics, Beijing Union University, Beijing Jianzhu University, north china university of technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing Institute of Materials, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, China Conservatory of Music, China Theatre Academy, Beijing Dance Academy, Beijing Film Academy, beijing international studies university, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing Institute of Printing, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, 25 municipal institutions of higher learning such as Beijing Industrial Vocational and Technical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing Vocational College of Economics and Management, Beijing Vocational College of Finance and Trade, and Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Technology;

　　Five secondary specialized schools, including Beijing Business Science and Technology School, Beijing Automation Engineering School, Beijing Postal School, Beijing Railway Electrification School and Competitive Sports School affiliated to Capital Institute of Physical Education;

　　Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing Open University, beijing school for the blind, Middle School Affiliated to Capital Normal University, Yuxin School Affiliated to Capital Normal University, Beijing Tibet Middle School, Beijing Student Activity Management Center, Beijing Educational Technology Equipment Center, Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing Education Examinations Institute, Beijing Education Network and Information Center, Beijing International Education Exchange Center, Beijing Education Veterans Activity Center, Beijing Education News Center, Beijing Student Financial Aid Management Center, Beijing Education Comprehensive Service Center, Beijing Education System Talent Exchange Service Center, Beijing School-run Industrial Management Center, Beijing Teachers’ Rest Home, Beijing Education Audio-visual Press General Agency, Beijing Municipal Education Commission Service Center, Beijing Education Annals Compilation Committee Office, Beijing School Logistics Center, Beijing School and other 24 directly affiliated units.

　　2. Department responsibilities

　　(1) to implement the national laws, regulations, rules and policies on education, promote the rule of law, draft relevant local regulations and government regulations in this Municipality, study and formulate policies on education reform and development, and supervise their implementation. Organize the preparation of educational development plans, work out special plans for educational facilities in conjunction with relevant departments, and organize their implementation.

　　(2) to plan, coordinate and guide the education work in this Municipality. Unified management of preschool education, basic education, secondary vocational education, higher education and other educational undertakings. Responsible for promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and promoting educational equity. Responsible for establishing education-related standard systems at all levels and organizing their implementation. Responsible for the construction of social credit system in education system.

　　(3) to guide the comprehensive education reform of the city’s education system and rural areas, enterprises and communities. Promote the reform and development of vocational education and higher education, and be responsible for poverty alleviation cooperation and support cooperation in the education system. Deepen the reform of the management system of municipal colleges and universities.

　　(4) To plan, coordinate and guide the construction of a learning society and lifelong learning service system in this city.

　　(5) According to the management authority, be responsible for examining and approving the establishment, alteration and termination of schools and other educational institutions and projects organized by the state, social organizations or individuals other than state institutions, and perform supervisory duties. Manage the professional settings of municipal colleges and universities. Management degree, discipline construction and postgraduate training. Coordinate and manage the institutions of higher learning of the central ministries and commissions in Beijing.

　　(6) to formulate the establishment and running standards of secondary and below secondary education schools in this city, and to formulate basic teaching requirements and basic documents. Organize the compilation of textbooks for secondary and below secondary education schools, and examine and approve local textbooks for basic education.

　　(7) To study the reform of examination enrollment, formulate the reform policy of the examination and evaluation system for enrollment in this Municipality and the enrollment plan for higher education, secondary education and postgraduate education, and be responsible for the organization and management of the examination. Responsible for the management of student status of students with secondary education or above in Beijing. Responsible for handling the complaints of college students in Beijing.

　　(8) To participate in the formulation and implementation of employment policies for graduates of institutions of higher learning in Beijing, and promote the reform of employment system for graduates of institutions of higher learning. Instruct Beijing colleges and universities to carry out employment, entrepreneurship and recruitment of college students.

　　(9) To manage and guide the ideological and political work and moral education of the basic education schools in this Municipality, and to guide the sports health and art education, labor education and national defense education of all kinds of schools at all levels. Coordinate and guide all kinds of students’ social practice and off-campus education.

　　(10) to plan and guide the research of natural science, philosophy and social science in Beijing institutions of higher learning. Organize Beijing institutions of higher learning to undertake major national and municipal scientific research projects. Guide the development and construction of scientific and technological innovation platform in Beijing universities. To guide the education informatization and the integration of Industry-University-Research. Responsible for the network information security, technical guidance and guarantee of the education system.

　　(11) overall planning, organization and implementation of the city’s education supervision work, formulate rules and regulations and implementation plans for education supervision and evaluation. Organize the supervision and inspection of the implementation of education-related laws, regulations and rules. Monitor the implementation of compulsory education, and supervise and inspect the teaching quality and balanced development of compulsory education.

　　(12) Responsible for monitoring the development and quality of education at all levels in this Municipality, as well as supervising and evaluating the running status of schools at all levels and the level of education and teaching. Supervise and evaluate the education work of the district government. To guide the relevant units in the district and municipal governments to carry out educational supervision. Investigate and study major issues in education, evaluate the implementation effect of education policies, and put forward reports and suggestions. Responsible for issuing supervision reports.

　　(13) Responsible for coordinating and guiding the personnel and personnel system reform of the education system in this Municipality. Participate in the formulation of national standards for the establishment of schools of all levels and types. To be in charge of teachers’ work and guide the construction of teachers and managers in the education system. Coordinate the construction of teachers’ morality and style, and be responsible for the work of teachers’ morality and style in basic education. Responsible for the qualification of teachers in Beijing. Social organizations of management education.

　　(14) In conjunction with relevant departments, formulate policies on education fund raising and education capital construction investment in this Municipality. Responsible for the overall management of the city level education capital construction investment, education funds and foreign education assistance, education loans. To manage the state-owned assets of education at the city level and the educational capital construction projects. Responsible for coordinating the construction of higher education parks. Supervise the implementation of the education budget. To study, formulate and adjust education charging policies and standards.

　　(15) to plan and guide the logistics and logistics reform of schools at all levels in this Municipality. Coordinate and organize all districts and relevant departments to improve the campus and surrounding environment and maintain the normal order of the school.

　　(16) Responsible for the international cooperation and exchange of the education system in this Municipality and the educational exchanges and cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. To guide international students and overseas Chinese students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Guide the international education of Chinese. Responsible for the audit, approval and related management of Chinese-foreign cooperative education and schools for children of foreigners, and the registration and daily management of schools for children of embassy staff in China. Responsible for the establishment, review, supervision and guidance of educational overseas NGOs. Responsible for the examination and supervision of Sino-foreign cooperative education held in Beijing. Responsible for the acceptance of applications from teachers and students to study abroad.

　　(17) Planning and guiding the educational scientific research, educational teaching research and the development of educational modern information technology in this Municipality. Responsible for the standardization of language and writing.

　　(18) Responsible for the safety management of the education system in this Municipality. Take the main responsibility for the safety work of various activities organized in the name of the Municipal Education Commission.

　　(19) Complete other tasks assigned by the municipal party committee and municipal government.

　　(II) Personnel composition

　　There are 222 people in the administrative department of Beijing Municipal Education Commission, and the actual number is 210. There are 38,253 employees, and there are 31,187 employees. The number of students is 352590 (including doctoral students, master students, junior college students, secondary education students, etc.).

　　Second, the overall situation of income and expenditure accounts

　　In 2019, the total revenue and expenditure was 38,333,476,800 yuan, an increase of 2,992,429,000 yuan or 8.47% over the previous year.

　　(a) the income statement

　　In 2019, the total revenue this year was 3,170,264,850 yuan, an increase of 2,940,529,200 yuan over the previous year, with an increase of 10.22%, of which: the revenue from financial allocation was 2,601,703,420 yuan, accounting for 82.07% of the total revenue; Business income is 4,557,769,400 yuan, accounting for 14.38% of the total income; The operating income is 559.7292 million yuan, accounting for 1.77% of the total income; The income paid by affiliated units is 132.1474 million yuan, accounting for 0.42% of the total income; Other income was 435,968,300 yuan, accounting for 1.38% of the total income.

　　(2) Description of final accounts of expenditures

　　In 2019, the total expenditure this year was 31,317,087,400 yuan, an increase of 2,643,693,200 yuan over the previous year, an increase of 9.22%, of which: the basic expenditure was 1,930,102,030 yuan, accounting for 61.63% of the total expenditure; The project expenditure is 11,555,395,900 yuan, accounting for 36.90% of the total expenditure; Operating expenditure was 460,671,200 yuan, accounting for 1.47% of the total expenditure.

　　Three, the financial allocation of income and expenditure accounts of the overall situation

　　In 2019, the total revenue and expenditure of financial allocation was 278,905,747 yuan, an increase of 1,927,066,800 yuan or 7.42% over the previous year. The main reason is the increase in capital construction funds for the new campus of Beijing Information Science and Technology University and Beijing schools.

　　Four, the general public budget expenditure accounts.

　　(a) the overall situation of the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　In 2019, the financial allocation expenditure of the general public budget was 25,863,307,800 yuan, which was mainly used in the following aspects (according to major categories): the general public service expenditure was 3,010,000 yuan, accounting for 0.01% of the financial allocation expenditure this year; Education expenditure is 25,789,594,400 yuan, accounting for 99.71% of this year’s financial allocation expenditure; The expenditure on science and technology is 14.1031 million yuan, accounting for 0.05% of this year’s financial allocation expenditure; The expenditure on culture, tourism, sports and media is 20 million yuan, accounting for 0.08% of this year’s financial allocation; Expenditure on social security and employment is 6,805,800 yuan, accounting for 0.03% of the financial allocation expenditure this year; The expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water is 7.339 million yuan, accounting for 0.03% of this year’s financial allocation expenditure; Other expenditures were 22,455,600 yuan, accounting for 0.09% of this year’s financial allocation.

　　(two) the specific situation of the final accounts of the general public budget.

　　1. The final account of "general public service expenditure" (category) in 2019 was 3.01 million yuan, an increase of 3.01 million yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final account of "Human Resources Affairs" in 2019 was 3.01 million yuan, an increase of 3.01 million yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the subsidy funds for the national professional and technical personnel continuing education base arranged in the middle of the year.

　　2. The final account of "education expenditure" (category) in 2019 was 257,895,944 yuan, an increase of 350,096,380 yuan or 15.71% compared with the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final account of "Education Management Affairs" (funds) in 2019 was 957.59 million yuan, an increase of 140.1855 million yuan or 17.15% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the business development projects and personnel funds of the directly affiliated units arranged in the middle of the year.

　　The final accounts of "general education" (funds) in 2019 were 2,238,395,600 yuan, an increase of 3,115,978,400 yuan or 16.17% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the capital construction, double first-class construction, high-tech innovation center projects and personnel funds arranged in the middle of the year.

　　The final accounts of "Vocational Education" in 2019 were 1,976,666,600 yuan, an increase of 167,239,400 yuan or 9.24% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the quality improvement plan of modern vocational education and personnel funds arranged in the middle of the year.

　　The final accounts of "Adult Education" in 2019 were 280,617,400 yuan, an increase of 35,481,600 yuan or 14.47% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the final payment of the infrastructure renovation project arranged in the middle of the year, the qualification interview and examination items for primary and secondary school teachers, and personnel funds.

　　The final account of "Radio and Television Education" in 2019 was 115,365,100 yuan, an increase of 13,533,400 yuan or 13.29% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the personnel funds arranged in the middle of the year.

　　The final account of "special education" in 2019 was 43.0322 million yuan, an increase of 3.1237 million yuan or 7.83% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the personnel funds arranged in the middle of the year.

　　The final account of "further education and training" in 2019 was 1,131,000 yuan, a decrease of 686,400 yuan or 37.77% compared with the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is that the annual implementation reduces general expenditure; Second, the plan has been adjusted and the funds have not been fully spent.

　　The final account of "other education expenditure" in 2019 was 31.2366 million yuan, an increase of 26.1081 million yuan or 509.08% over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by educational facilities planning and supervision projects carried over from last year; The second is the expenditure formed by the action plan and major activities to expand the source of primary and secondary school teachers arranged in the middle of the year.

　　3. The final accounts of "science and technology expenditure" (category) in 2019 were 14,103,100 yuan, a decrease of 1,096,900 yuan or 7.22% compared with the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final account of "Technology Research and Development" in 2019 was 14,103,100 yuan, a decrease of 1,096,900 yuan or 7.22% compared with the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is that during the annual implementation, the plan has been adjusted and the funds have not been fully spent.

　　4. The final account of "cultural tourism, sports and media expenditure" (category) in 2019 is 20 million yuan, which is the same as the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final account of "Culture and Tourism" in 2019 is 20 million yuan, which is the same as the budget at the beginning of 2019. Mainly used for national art into campus activities.

　　5. The final account of "social security and employment expenditure" (category) in 2019 was 6,805,800 yuan, a decrease of 62,200 yuan or 0.91% compared with the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final account of "Retirement of administrative institutions" in 2019 was 6,805,800 yuan, a decrease of 62,200 yuan or 0.91% compared with the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is that the annual retirement funds of the unified hair unit are liquidated according to the actual situation.

　　6. The final account of "agriculture, forestry and water expenditure" (category) in 2019 was 7.339 million yuan, an increase of 7.339 million yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final accounts of "agriculture" in 2019 were 7.339 million yuan, an increase of 7.339 million yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the project of Beijing National Silage Corn Variety Testing Station arranged in the middle of the year.

　　7. The final accounts of "other expenditures" (categories) in 2019 were 22,455,600 yuan, an increase of 22,455,600 yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final accounts of "other expenses" (funds) in 2019 were 22,455,600 yuan, an increase of 22,455,600 yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the funds for major activities arranged in the middle of the year.

　　Five, the government fund budget expenditure accounts.

　　(a) the overall situation of the final accounts of the government fund budget.

　　In 2019, the budgetary financial allocation expenditure of government funds was 3,653,900 yuan, which was mainly used in the following aspects (according to major categories): the expenditure of urban and rural communities was 3,563,700 yuan, accounting for 97.53% of the financial allocation expenditure this year; Other expenditure is 90,200 yuan, accounting for 2.47% of the financial allocation expenditure this year.

　　(two) the specific situation of the final accounts of the government fund budget.

　　1. The final account of "urban and rural community expenditure" (category) in 2019 was 3,563,700 yuan, an increase of 3,563,700 yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　The final account of "the income from the transfer of state-owned land use rights and the expenditure corresponding to the special debt income arrangement" in 2019 was 3,563,700 yuan, an increase of 3,563,700 yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the 10KV external power supply project of Beijing school arranged in the middle of the year.

　　2. The final accounts of "other expenditures" (categories) in 2019 were 90,200 yuan, an increase of 90,200 yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. Among them:

　　"Expenditure arranged by the lottery public welfare fund" (funds) has a final account of 90,200 yuan in 2019, an increase of 90,200 yuan over the budget at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is the expenditure formed by the central subsidy funds of the national high-level sports reserve talent base carried over from last year.

　　Six, the financial allocation of basic expenditure accounts.

　　In 2019, the department allocated 161,253,462 yuan for basic expenses and 0,000 yuan for government funds, including: (1) salary and welfare expenses including basic salary, allowances, bonuses, food subsidies, performance pay, other social security contributions and other salaries and benefits; (2) Expenditure on goods and services includes office expenses, printing fees, consulting fees, handling fees, water fees, electricity fees, post and telecommunications fees, heating fees, property management fees, travel expenses, expenses for going abroad (abroad) on business, maintenance (protection) fees, rental fees, conference fees, training fees, official reception fees, special materials fees, labor fees, entrusted business fees, trade union funds, and so on. (3) Subsidies for individuals and families include retirement expenses, retirement expenses, pensions, living allowances, relief expenses, medical expenses subsidies, grants, bonuses and other subsidies for individuals and families. (4) Other capital expenditures include the purchase of office equipment and special equipment.

Part III Information on Other Important Matters in 2019

　　First, the "three public funds" financial allocation final accounts

　　The "three public" funds include one administrative unit, two institutions that refer to the civil service law and 52 institutions. In 2019, the final accounts of the financial allocation for the "three public funds" were 27,403,200 yuan, which was 17,128,600 yuan lower than the initial budget of the "three public funds" in 2019 of 44,531,800 yuan. Among them:

　　1. Expenses for going abroad on business. The final accounts in 2019 were 16.354 million yuan, a decrease of 7.3121 million yuan compared with the budget of 23.6661 million yuan at the beginning of 2019. The main reasons are: first, strictly implement the regulations of the central government and Beijing Municipality on strict economy and reduce the number of delegations going abroad; Second, due to the arrangement of school education and teaching, the visit plan of some projects was postponed to 2020. In 2019, the expenses for going abroad on business were mainly used for short-term training of teachers, various academic exchanges, international academic conferences, and overseas exchange performances of art colleges. In 2019, 355 groups and 884 people went abroad on business, and the per capita expenses for going abroad on business were 18,500 yuan.

　　2. Official reception fee. The final accounts in 2019 were 619,500 yuan, a decrease of 995,000 yuan compared with the budget of 1,614,500 yuan at the beginning of 2019. The main reason is to further implement the regulations of the Central Committee and Beijing Municipality on strict economy and reduction of administrative costs, strengthen management, and strictly control the scale and standards of official reception. In 2019, the official reception fee was mainly used for official reception and foreign guests reception in teaching, scientific research management and academic exchanges. There were 571 official receptions and 5910 official receptions.

　　3 official car purchase and operation and maintenance fees. In 2019, the final accounts were 10.4297 million yuan, a decrease of 8.8215 million yuan compared with the budget of 19.2512 million yuan at the beginning of 2019. Among them, the final account of the official car purchase fee in 2019 was 2,681,200 yuan, a decrease of 775,300 yuan from the budget of 3,456,500 yuan at the beginning of 2019. The main reason: according to the actual expenditure, some units failed to complete the renewal procedures in 2019 and will continue to implement them in 2020. In 2019, 10 vehicles were purchased (updated), and the average purchase cost of vehicles was 268,100 yuan. The final accounts of official vehicle operation and maintenance fees in 2019 were 7,748,500 yuan, a decrease of 8,046,200 yuan compared with the budget of 15,794,700 yuan at the beginning of 2019. The main reason was to strictly implement the regulations of the central government and Beijing Municipality on strict economy and reduce administrative costs. In 2019, the official vehicle operation and maintenance fee included 1,813,500 yuan for refueling, 3,561,100 yuan for maintenance, 1,416,800 yuan for insurance and 957,000 yuan for other expenses. In 2019, the number of official vehicles was 799, and the average vehicle operation and maintenance cost was 0.97 million yuan.

　　II. Expenditures for the operation of organs

　　In 2019, the daily public expenditure of the basic expenditure arranged by the administrative units of this department (including the administrative institutions with reference to the Civil Service Law) using the general public budget financial allocation totaled 15,651,500 yuan, an increase of 425,300 yuan over the previous year. The increase was due to the increase in heating costs and office building maintenance costs.

　　Iii. Government procurement expenditure

　　In 2019, the total government procurement expenditure of this department was 3,872,068,200 yuan, including 1,657,268,200 yuan for goods, 549,068,900 yuan for projects and 1,665,731,100 yuan for services. The contract amount awarded to small and medium-sized enterprises is 2,898,734,500 yuan, accounting for 74.86% of the total government procurement expenditure, of which the contract amount awarded to small and micro enterprises is 896,231,600 yuan, accounting for 23.15% of the total government procurement expenditure.

　　IV. Occupation of State-owned Assets

　　In 2019, there were 922 vehicles in this department (motor vehicles arranged by various funds, including confidential communication vehicles, emergency support vehicles, special professional and technical vehicles, retired cadres’ vehicles and other official vehicles equipped according to regulations), amounting to 247,073,800 yuan; 3,566 sets of general equipment with a unit value of more than 500,000 yuan, and 305 sets of special equipment with a unit value of more than 1 million yuan.

　　Five, the state-owned capital operating budget financial allocation revenue and expenditure

　　There is no such expenditure this year.

　　VI. Explanation of government expenditure on purchasing services

　　In 2019, the final account of government procurement services of this department was 183.1875 million yuan.

　　VII. Interpretation of technical terms

　　1. "Three Public Funds": refers to the expenses for going abroad (abroad), purchasing and operating official vehicles and official reception arranged by the unit through financial allocation. Among them, the expenses for going abroad on business refer to the international travel expenses, inter-city transportation expenses, accommodation expenses, meals, training fees, public and miscellaneous expenses, etc. The official vehicle purchase and operation expenses refer to the official vehicle purchase expenses (including vehicle purchase tax and license fee) and the official vehicle fuel expenses, maintenance fees, crossing fees, insurance fees, safety incentive fees and other expenses retained by the unit according to regulations; Official reception fee refers to all kinds of official reception (including foreign guests reception) expenses incurred by the unit according to regulations.

　　2. Operating expenses of organs: refers to the daily public expenditure among the basic expenditures arranged by the administrative units (including the administrative institutions with reference to the Civil Service Law) using the general public budget, including office and printing expenses, post and telecommunications expenses, travel expenses, conference expenses, welfare expenses, daily maintenance expenses, special materials and general equipment purchase expenses, office space utilities, office space heating expenses, office space property management expenses, official vehicle operation and maintenance expenses and other expenses.

　　3. Government procurement: refers to the behavior of state organs, institutions and organizations at all levels using financial funds to purchase goods, projects and services within the centralized catalogue formulated according to law or above the procurement limit standard.

　　4. Government procurement of services: refers to the behavior of state organs at all levels to entrust qualified service providers with services that fall within their own responsibilities and are suitable for market-oriented services in accordance with government procurement methods and procedures, and pay them fees according to factors such as service quantity and quality. .

　　5. Expenditure on senior high school education: it mainly reflects the expenditures of senior high schools, such as personnel training, teacher team building, student financial aid, capital construction, infrastructure renovation, personnel expenses, etc.

The fourth part is the performance evaluation of departments in 2019

　　First, the performance evaluation work

　　The Beijing Municipal Education Commission conducted a performance evaluation of departmental project expenditures in 2019, with 530 evaluation projects, accounting for 39.26% of the total departmental projects, involving an amount of 6,071,221,400 yuan. Evaluation results: the project establishment meets the needs of the unit’s responsibilities and development planning, and the performance objectives are reasonable; The financial management system is sound and standardized, and the financial monitoring measures are effective and standardized; The quality level of project completion is high, the performance objectives and indicators are generally realized, and the established output quantity, quality and benefit are achieved; Through the implementation of the project, it has played a good supporting and driving role in the development of education, and the social benefits are remarkable.

　　II. Self-evaluation report on the performance of special transfer payment for urban and rural compulsory education subsidies in 2019

　　(A) the evaluation object profile

　　According to the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education on Issuing the Subsidy Budget for Urban and Rural Compulsory Education in 2019 in advance (Cai Kejiao [2018] No.118) and the Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education on Issuing the Subsidy Budget for Urban and Rural Compulsory Education in 2019 (Cai Kejiao [2019] No.30), the central government issued a total of 562.26 million yuan for urban and rural compulsory education in 2019 to Beijing. The supporting municipal funds in Beijing are 600.08 million yuan, which are mainly used for school public funds, free textbooks for students in compulsory education, subsidies for students with financial difficulties, and school building security. The performance targets of special funds mainly include the number of students who benefit from textbook subsidies, the number of students who benefit from living allowances for students with financial difficulties, and the qualified rate of textbook quality. According to the requirements of the country and the development of urban and rural compulsory education in Beijing, the overall goal of "thoroughly implementing the spirit of the National Education Conference and the Beijing Education Conference, focusing on the fundamental task of" cultivating people by virtue ",implementing the policy of" three exemptions and two subsidies "for compulsory education, persisting in basing on functions, highlighting key points, strengthening overall planning, striving to promote education equity, improving education quality, and promoting the balanced development of compulsory education with the focus on the integration of urban and rural education" was set. In actual implementation, according to the annual work plan, each project will report the budget and performance targets within the scope of funding.

　　(II) Evaluation conclusion

　　Through the evaluation, the comprehensive score of the project is 98.5, and the conclusion of the comprehensive performance evaluation of the project is "excellent".

　　In 2019, the subsidy for urban and rural compulsory education provided schools with sufficient public funds, which ensured the normal education and teaching activities of schools, provided strong support for campus security, ensured the safety of life and property of teachers and students, maintained social stability and provided a good learning and living environment for teachers and students. At the same time, the municipal and district education committees strictly follow the policy standards, refine accounting, and provide free textbooks for students in compulsory schools, ensuring the accurate implementation of student aid and living allowance, effectively reducing the pressure on students with financial difficulties and allowing students to grow up healthily and happily in school. The number of students who benefited from textbook subsidies was 1,192,200, the number of students who benefited from living subsidies for students with financial difficulties was 29,200, and the number of students who benefited from learning subsidies for students with financial difficulties was 49,500. The pass rate of textbooks was over 97%. The subsidy for compulsory education in urban and rural areas has effectively promoted the balanced development of urban and rural education. For example, Haidian District has improved the safety factor of rural campus and improved the education and teaching environment of rural schools by supporting rural schools to carry out power capacity expansion projects, house heating, and circuit safety transformation of teaching rooms.

　　(3) Existing problems

　　At present, the publicity of students’ financial aid in various districts and schools is still limited to traditional propaganda methods such as brochures and campus bulletin boards, which is not compatible with the increasingly developing technological development. More new media methods such as WeChat and websites should be used to publicize the financial aid policy.

　　(4) Suggestions

　　In 2020, our committee will adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the Party’s education policy in accordance with the deployment of the central government and the municipal party committee and municipal government, implement the funding guarantee mechanism for urban and rural compulsory education, actively respond to the enrollment peak based on the requirements of "seven haves" and "five natures", ensure that compulsory education degrees meet the demand, and promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education.

　　The first is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. Implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and strive to build an education system that comprehensively cultivates morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. We will accelerate the municipal-level planning of key education projects in quality schools and sub-centers of cities, and continue to increase the number of quality primary and secondary schools. We will promote the regional collectivization of primary and secondary schools, the reform of district system and the nine-year compulsory schooling, continue to implement the integrated development project of urban and rural primary and secondary schools, and continuously expand the coverage of high-quality resources. The evaluation methods and standards for establishing a high-quality and balanced development zone of compulsory education in the benchmark countries and Beijing will fill in the shortcomings.

　　The second is to promote the reform of the division of financial affairs and expenditure responsibilities. In-depth implementation of the "Reform Plan for the Division of Financial Affairs and Expenditure Responsibilities between Central and Local Governments in Education" (Guo Ban Fa [2019] No.27), comprehensively sorting out the expenditure policies in education, rationally dividing the financial affairs and expenditure responsibilities in education between cities and districts, improving the transfer payment system for education between cities and districts, and promoting the equalization of basic public services in education.

　　The third is to improve the management of education funds. Firmly establish the idea of "tight days", adjust and optimize the expenditure structure, and improve the efficiency of the use of funds. Further improve all kinds of education investment policies to ensure the priority development of education. Improve the construction of student financial assistance system and ensure the funding. Constantly improve the supervision system of education funds, and establish and improve an all-round, whole-process and full-coverage budget performance management system in the field of education.

　　Third, the project expenditure performance self-evaluation form

　　See Annex 2 for the project expenditure performance self-assessment form.

China National Intellectual Property Administration Proclamation

No.343

In order to fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights, and to respond to the demand of innovative subjects for further clarifying the rules for patent application examination in new fields involving new formats such as artificial intelligence, it is decided to amend the Patent Examination Guide, which is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of February 1, 2020.
　　It is hereby announced.

China National Intellectual Property Administration
December 31, 2019

China National Intellectual Property Administration’s Decision on Amending the Patent Examination Guide

China National Intellectual Property Administration decided to amend the Patent Examination Guide.

Section 6 is added to Chapter 9 of Part II of the Patent Examination Guide, which reads as follows:

6. Relevant provisions on the examination of application for a patent for invention containing algorithmic features or business rules and methods.

Invention patent applications involving artificial intelligence, "internet plus", big data and blockchain generally contain rules and method features of intellectual activities such as algorithms or business rules and methods. This section aims to stipulate the examination particularity of such applications according to the Patent Law and its implementation rules.

6.1 Review benchmarks

The examination shall be conducted for the solution to be protected, that is, the solution defined in the claims. In the examination, technical features and algorithm features or business rules and methods should not be simply separated, but all the contents recorded in the claim should be taken as a whole, and the technical means involved, technical problems solved and technical effects obtained should be analyzed.

6.1.1 Examination according to Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law

If the claim involves abstract algorithms or simple business rules and methods, and does not contain any technical features, it belongs to the rules and methods of intellectual activities stipulated in Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law and should not be granted a patent right. For example, a mathematical model building method based on abstract algorithm and without any technical features belongs to the situation that the patent right should not be granted as stipulated in Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law. Another example is a method of rebate according to the user’s consumption quota. The features contained in this method are all business rules and method features related to rebate rules, and do not contain any technical features, which belongs to the situation that the patent right should not be granted as stipulated in Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law.

If the claim contains technical features in addition to algorithmic features or business rules and methods, and the claim as a whole is not a rule and method of intellectual activities, the possibility of obtaining a patent right shall not be ruled out according to Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law.

6.1.2 Examination according to Paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Patent Law

If the claim to be protected as a whole does not belong to the situation that the first paragraph (2) of Article 25 of the Patent Law excludes obtaining a patent right, it is necessary to examine whether it belongs to the technical scheme described in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law.

When examining whether a claim containing algorithm features or business rules and methods features belongs to a technical scheme, it is necessary to consider all the features recorded in the claim as a whole. If the claim records that the technical problem to be solved adopts the technical means of using the laws of nature, and thus obtains the technical effect in line with the laws of nature, the solution defined in the claim belongs to the technical scheme described in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law. For example, if the steps involved in the algorithm in the claim are closely related to the technical problem to be solved, such as the data processed by the algorithm is data with exact technical meaning in the technical field, and the execution of the algorithm can directly reflect the process of solving a technical problem by using natural laws and obtain technical effects, then the solution defined in the claim usually belongs to the technical solution described in Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Patent Law.

6.1.3 Review of novelty and creativity

When examining the novelty of an application for a patent for invention containing algorithmic features or business rules and methods, all the features recorded in the claims should be considered, including both technical features and algorithmic features or business rules and methods.

When creatively examining an application for a patent for invention that contains both technical features and algorithmic features or business rules and methods, the algorithmic features or business rules and methods that are functionally mutually supportive and have an interactive relationship with the technical features should be considered as a whole. "Functionally supporting each other and interacting with each other" means that algorithm features or business rules and method features are closely combined with technical features to form a technical means to solve a technical problem and obtain corresponding technical effects.

For example, if the algorithm in the claim is applied to a specific technical field and can solve specific technical problems, it can be considered that the algorithm features and technical features support each other functionally and have an interactive relationship, and the algorithm features become an integral part of the adopted technical means, and the contribution of the algorithm features to the technical scheme should be considered when conducting creative review.

For another example, if the implementation of the business rules and method features in the claims requires adjustment or improvement of technical means, it can be considered that the business rules and method features and technical features support each other functionally and have an interactive relationship, and the contribution of the business rules and method features to the technical scheme should be considered when conducting creative review.

6.2 Review examples

Below, according to the above-mentioned examination criteria, an examination example of an application for a patent for invention containing algorithm features or business rules and methods features is given.

(1) An application for a patent for invention, which is within the scope of Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law and contains features of algorithm or business rules and methods, does not belong to the object of patent protection.

[Example 1]

A method of establishing mathematical model

Overview of application content

The solution of invention patent application is a method of establishing mathematical model, which improves the accuracy of modeling by increasing the number of training samples. This modeling method takes the training samples of other classification tasks related to the first classification task as the training samples of the mathematical model of the first classification task, thus increasing the number of training samples, and training related mathematical models by using the eigenvalues, extracting eigenvalues and label values of the training samples, and finally obtaining the mathematical model of the first classification task, which overcomes the defect of poor modeling accuracy due to over-fitting caused by few training samples.

Claim of application

A method for establishing a mathematical model is characterized by comprising the following steps:

According to the feature values in the training samples of the first classification task and the feature values in the training samples of at least one second classification task, the initial feature extraction model is trained to obtain a target feature extraction model; Wherein the second classification task is other classification tasks related to the first classification task;

According to the target feature extraction model, the feature values in each training sample of the first classification task are respectively processed to obtain extracted feature values corresponding to each training sample;

Combining the extracted feature values and label values corresponding to each training sample to extract training samples, and training an initial classification model to obtain a target classification model;

Combining the target classification model and the target feature extraction model into a mathematical model of the first classification task.

Analysis and conclusion

The solution doesn’t involve any specific application field, in which the characteristic value, extracted characteristic value, label value, target classification model and target feature extraction model of the training samples are all abstract general data, and the processing process of training the mathematical model by using the relevant data of the training samples is a series of abstract mathematical method steps, and the final result is also an abstract general classification mathematical model. This scheme is an abstract model building method, and its processing object, process and result are not related to the combination with specific application fields, which belongs to the optimization of abstract mathematical methods, and the whole scheme does not include any technical features. The solution of the patent application for this invention belongs to the rules and methods of intellectual activities stipulated in Item (2) of Paragraph 1 of Article 25 of the Patent Law, and does not belong to the object of patent protection.

(2) An application for a patent for invention that uses technical means to solve technical problems and obtains technical effects, including algorithmic features or business rules and methods, belongs to the technical scheme specified in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law, and therefore belongs to the object of patent protection.

[Example 2]

A training method of convolutional neural network model

Overview of application content

The solution of the invention patent application is to perform convolution operation and maximum pooling operation on the training image at all levels of convolution layer, and then perform horizontal pooling operation on the feature image obtained after the maximum pooling operation, so that the trained CNN model can identify the image to be identified with any size when identifying the image category.

Claim of application

A training method for CNN model of convolutional neural network is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Acquiring initial model parameters of a CNN model to be trained, wherein the initial model parameters comprise initial convolution kernels of convolution layers at all levels, initial bias matrices of convolution layers at all levels, initial weight matrices of fully connected layers and initial bias vectors of fully connected layers;

Acquiring a plurality of training images;

Performing convolution operation and maximum pooling operation on each training image on each convolution layer by using the initial convolution kernel and the initial offset matrix on each convolution layer to obtain a first feature image of each training image on each convolution layer;

Performing horizontal pooling operation on a first characteristic image of each training image on at least one convolution layer to obtain a second characteristic image of each training image on each convolution layer;

Determining the feature vector of each training image according to the second feature image of each training image on each convolution layer;

Processing each feature vector according to the initial weight matrix and the initial bias vector to obtain a category probability vector of each training image;

Calculating a class error according to the class probability vector of each training image and the initial class of each training image;

Adjusting the model parameters of the CNN model to be trained based on the category error;

Based on the adjusted model parameters and the plurality of training images, the process of adjusting model parameters is continued until the number of iterations reaches a preset number;

The model parameters obtained when the number of iterations reaches the preset number are used as the model parameters of the trained CNN model.

Analysis and conclusion

This solution is a training method for CNN model of convolutional neural network, in which the data processed in each step of the model training method are all image data and how to process the image data in each step is made clear, which shows that the neural network training algorithm is closely related to image information processing. The solution is how to overcome the technical problem that CNN model can only identify images with fixed size. It adopts different processing and training methods for images on different convolution layers, and uses the technical means of following the laws of nature to obtain the technical effect that the trained CNN model can identify images with any size to be identified. Therefore, the solution of the application for a patent for invention belongs to the technical scheme stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law and belongs to the object of patent protection.

[Example 3]

Method for using bike-sharing

Overview of application content

An application for a patent for invention proposes a method for using bike-sharing. By obtaining the position information of the user terminal equipment and the state information of bike-sharing within a certain distance, the user can accurately find the bike-sharing that can ride according to the state information of bike-sharing, and guide the user to stop by prompting. This method facilitates the use and management of bike-sharing, saves the user’s time and improves the user’s experience.

Claim of application

The use method of bike-sharing is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step 1, a user sends a request for using bike-sharing to a server through terminal equipment;

Step 2, the server obtains the first location information of the user, looks up the second location information of bike-sharing within a certain distance corresponding to the first location information and the state information of these bike-sharing, and sends the second location information and the state information of bike-sharing to the terminal equipment, wherein the first location information and the second location information are obtained through GPS signals;

Step 3, the user finds the riding target bike-sharing according to the position information of bike-sharing displayed on the terminal equipment;

Step 4, the user scans the two-dimensional code on the car body of the target bike-sharing through the terminal equipment, and obtains the use authority of the target bike-sharing after passing the server authentication;

Step 5, the server pushes the parking reminder to the user according to the riding situation, and if the user parks the car in the designated area, the preferential tariff is adopted for charging, otherwise, the standard tariff is adopted for charging;

Step 6, the user makes a choice according to the prompt, and after the riding is finished, the user locks the car by bike-sharing, and bike-sharing sends a riding completion signal to the server after detecting the car locking state.

Analysis and conclusion

The solution involves a method of using bike-sharing, and the technical problem to be solved is how to accurately find the location of and open the bike-sharing. The solution realizes the control and guidance of users’ use of bike-sharing by executing computer programs on terminal equipment and servers, which reflects the control of collecting and calculating data such as location information and authentication, and uses the technical means of following natural laws to achieve the technical effects of accurately finding the location of bike-sharing and opening bike-sharing. Therefore, the solution of the invention patent application belongs to the technical scheme stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law and belongs to the object of patent protection.

[Example 4]

Communication method and device between blockchain nodes

Overview of application content

The invention patent application provides a communication method and device for blockchain nodes. Before establishing communication connection, business nodes in the blockchain can determine whether to establish communication connection according to the CA certificate carried in the communication request and the pre-configured CA trust list, thus reducing the possibility of business nodes leaking private data and improving the security of data stored in the blockchain.

Claim of application

The invention relates to a communication method of blockchain nodes, wherein the blockchain nodes in a blockchain network comprise service nodes, wherein the service nodes store certificates sent by a certificate authority center (CA) and are pre-configured with a CA trust list, and the method comprises the following steps:

A first blockchain node receives a communication request sent by a second blockchain node, wherein the communication request carries a second certificate of the second blockchain node;

Determining a CA identifier corresponding to the second certificate;

Judging whether the determined CA identifier corresponding to the second certificate exists in the CA trust list;

If so, establishing communication connection with the second blockchain node;

If not, no communication connection is established with the second blockchain node.

Analysis and conclusion

The problem to be solved in this application is how to prevent the blockchain service nodes from leaking user privacy data in the alliance chain network, which belongs to the technical problem of improving the security of blockchain data. By carrying CA certificate in communication request and configuring CA trust list in advance, whether to establish a connection is determined, which limits the objects that the service nodes can establish a connection. By using the technical means of following natural laws, the technical effects of safe communication between service nodes and reducing the possibility of leaking privacy data by service nodes are obtained. Therefore, the solution of the invention patent application belongs to the technical scheme stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law and belongs to the object of patent protection.

(3) An application for a patent for invention that contains algorithmic features or business rules and methods without solving technical problems, using technical means or obtaining technical effects does not belong to the technical scheme specified in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law, and therefore does not belong to the object of patent protection.

[Example 5]

Method for rebate of consumption

Overview of application content

The invention patent application puts forward a method of consumer rebate, which gives cash coupons to consumers through computer execution of set rebate rules, thus improving the consumer’s willingness to consume and obtaining more profits for businesses.

Claim of application

A consumption rebate method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

When a user makes a consumption in a merchant, the merchant returns a certain cash coupon according to the amount of consumption, specifically,

The merchant uses a computer to calculate the user’s consumption amount, and divides the user’s consumption amount R into m intervals, where m is an integer, and the values from interval 1 to interval m are from small to large, and the amount of cash coupons returned is also divided into m values, and the m values are also arranged from small to large;

According to the calculated value of the computer, it is judged that the rebate amount is the first value when the user’s current consumption amount is in the interval 1, and the rebate amount is the second value when the user’s current consumption amount is in the interval 2, and so on, and the rebate amount of the corresponding interval is returned to the user.

Analysis and conclusion

The solution involves a method of rebate for consumption. The method is executed by a computer, and its processing object is the user’s consumption data. The problem to be solved is how to promote the user’s consumption, which does not constitute a technical problem. The method adopted is to implement the rebate rules set artificially by the computer, but the computer is limited to determining the rebate amount according to the specified rules, which is not bound by natural laws. Therefore, no technical means are used. The effect obtained by this scheme is only to promote the user’s consumption, not a technology that conforms to natural laws. Therefore, the application for a patent for this invention does not belong to the technical scheme stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law, and does not belong to the object of patent protection.

[Example 6]

An analysis method of economic prosperity index based on electricity consumption characteristics

Overview of application content

The invention patent application evaluates the economic prosperity index of the area to be tested by counting various economic indicators and electricity consumption indicators.

Claim of application

An economic prosperity index analysis method based on regional electricity consumption characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:

According to the economic data and electricity consumption data of the area to be detected, selecting a preliminary index of the economic prosperity index of the area to be detected, wherein the preliminary index comprises an economic index and an electricity consumption index;

Determining an economic prosperity index system of the area to be detected by executing a cluster analysis method and a time difference correlation analysis method by a computer, including a leading index, a consistent index and a lagging index;

According to the economic prosperity index system of the area to be detected, the economic prosperity index of the area to be detected is obtained by adopting a composite index calculation method.

Analysis and conclusion

The solution is an analysis and calculation method of economic prosperity index, which is executed by a computer, and its processing objects are various economic indicators and electricity consumption indicators. The problem to be solved is to judge the economic trend, which does not constitute a technical problem. The adopted means are to analyze the economic situation according to economic data and electricity consumption data, and only to adopt economic management means according to economic laws, which is not bound by natural laws, so technical means are not used. The scheme can finally obtain the economic prosperity index used to evaluate the economy, which is not in line with the technical effect of natural laws, so the solution does not belong to the technical scheme stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of the Patent Law and does not belong to the object of patent protection.

(4) When conducting creative review, the contribution of algorithm features or business rules and method features that are functionally mutually supportive and interactive with technical features to technical solutions should be considered.

[Example 7]

Method for detect falling state of humanoid robot base on multi-sensor information

Overview of application content

At present, the judgment of the falling state of humanoid robot when walking mainly uses attitude information or ZMP point position information, but this judgment is not comprehensive. The invention patent application puts forward a method for detecting the falling state of humanoid robot based on multi-sensors. By fusing the gait stage information, attitude information and ZMP point position information of the robot in real time, and using the fuzzy decision system, the current stability and controllability of the robot are judged, which provides reference for the next action of the robot.

Claim of application

The invention disclose a method for detecting that fall state of a humanoid robot based on multi-sensor information, which is characterized by comprising the follow steps:

(1) By fusing attitude sensor information, zero moment point ZMP sensor information and robot walking stage information, a layered sensor information fusion model is established;

(2) The stability of the robot in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction is judged by using the front-rear fuzzy decision system and the left-right fuzzy decision system respectively. The specific steps are as follows:

① Determine the walking stage of the robot according to the contact between the supporting foot of the robot and the ground and the off-line gait planning;

② Fuzzy reasoning algorithm is used to fuzzify the position information of ZMP points;

③ Fuzzy reasoning algorithm is used to blur the pitch angle or roll angle of the robot;

(4) determine the output membership function;

⑤ Determine fuzzy inference rules according to steps ① to ④;

⑥ deblurring.

Analysis and conclusion

Reference file 1 discloses gait planning and feedback control of humanoid robot based on sensor information, and judges the stability of robot according to relevant fusion information, including evaluating the stable state of humanoid robot according to multiple sensor information, that is, reference file 1 discloses step (1) in the solution of invention patent application, and the difference between this solution and reference file 1 lies in adopting the fuzzy decision method of the specific algorithm in step (2).

Based on the application documents, it can be seen that the solution effectively improves the stability of the robot and the reliability and accuracy of the interpretation of its possible falling direction. Attitude information, ZMP point position information and walking stage information are used as input parameters, and the information for judging the stable state of humanoid robot is output through fuzzy algorithm, which provides a basis for further issuing accurate attitude adjustment instructions. Therefore, the above-mentioned algorithm features and technical features support each other functionally and have an interactive relationship. Compared with the comparison file 1, it is determined that the technical problems actually solved by the invention are: how to judge the stable state of the robot and accurately predict its possible falling direction. The above-mentioned fuzzy decision-making algorithm and its application to the judgment of the robot’s steady state have not been disclosed by other comparison documents, nor do they belong to the common sense in this field. In the prior art as a whole, there is no inspiration for technicians in this field to improve the comparison document 1 to obtain the invention to be protected, and the technical scheme of the invention to be protected is not obvious and creative compared with the nearest prior art..

[Example 8]

Multi-robot path planning system based on cooperative co-evolution and multi-population genetic algorithm

Overview of application content

The existing motion planning control structure of multi-mobile robots usually adopts centralized planning method. This method regards the multi-robot system as a complex robot with multiple degrees of freedom, and the motion planning of all robots is completed by one planner in the system. Its disadvantages are long calculation time and poor practicability. The invention patent application provides a multi-robot path planning system based on cooperative evolution and multi-population genetic algorithm. Each path of the robot is represented by a chromosome, and the shortest distance, smoothness and safe distance are taken as the three objectives of the design path fitness function. The optimal path is obtained by optimizing each robot’s path through Messy genetic algorithm.

Claim of application

A multi-robot path planning system based on cooperative co-evolution and multi-population genetic algorithm is characterized in that:

(1) A path of a robot is represented by a chromosome, and the chromosome is represented as a linked list of nodes, that is, [(x, y), time], (x, y, time∈R) and (x, y) represent the position coordinates of the robot, and time represents the time consumption required to move this node from the previous node, and the time of starting the node is equal to 0, and the chromosome of each robot individual is divided.

(2) The fitness function of path(j) of each Robot(i) is expressed as φ(pi, j):

||pi，j||=Distance(pi，j)+ws×smooth(pi，j)+wt×Time(pi，j)

Where ||pi, j ||| is a linear combination of distance, smoothness and time consumption, ws is a smoothing weighting factor, and wt is a time weighting factor; Distance(pi, j) represents the path length, smooth(pi, j) represents the smoothness of the path, and Time(pi, j) is the time consumption of the paths pi, j; Each robot adopts the fitness function, and the optimal path is obtained through the optimization of Messy genetic algorithm.

Analysis and conclusion

Comparative document 1 discloses a multi-robot path planning method based on cooperative co-evolution, in which the fitness function is adopted and the optimal path is obtained by chaotic genetic algorithm. The difference between the solution of the invention patent application and the reference document 1 is that the multi-robot path planning is realized by Messy genetic algorithm.

In this solution, Messy genetic algorithm is used to optimize the robot’s forward path. The algorithm features and technical features of this solution support each other in function and interact with each other, thus realizing the optimization of the robot’s forward path. Compared with reference document 1, it is determined that the technical problem actually solved by the invention is: how to make the robot advance in the optimal path based on a specific algorithm. The comparison file 2 has disclosed that many genetic algorithms including the chaotic genetic algorithm can be used for path optimization, and the Messy genetic algorithm can solve the disadvantages of other algorithms, so as to obtain more reasonable optimization results. Based on the enlightenment given by reference file 2, the technicians in this field have the motivation to combine reference file 1 and reference file 2 to get the technical scheme of the invention patent application. Therefore, the claimed invention technical scheme is obvious and not creative compared with the combination of reference file 1 and reference file 2.

[Example 9]

Logistics distribution method

Overview of application content

In the process of goods distribution, how to effectively improve the efficiency of goods distribution and reduce the distribution cost is the problem to be solved in the application for invention patent. After the logistics personnel arrive at the delivery place, they can simultaneously notify multiple ordering users in a specific delivery area to pick up the goods by pushing messages to the ordering users’ terminals through the server, so as to improve the efficiency of goods delivery and reduce the delivery cost.

Claim of application

The invention relates to a logistics distribution method, which improves the efficiency of logistics distribution by notifying users to pick up pieces in batches, and the method comprises the following steps:

When the dispatcher needs to inform the user to pick up the parts, the dispatcher sends the notice that the goods have arrived to the server through the handheld logistics terminal;

The server informs the dispatcher in batches of all ordering users within the delivery range;

The ordering user who has received the notice completes the pickup according to the notification information;

Wherein, that specific implementation mode of the serv for batch notification is as follows: accord to the dispatcher ID, the current position of the logistics terminal and the corresponding distribution range carry in the arrival notification sent by the logistics terminal, the server determines all the target order information within the distribution distance range centered on the current position of the logistics terminal corresponding to the dispatcher ID, and then pushes the notification information to the ordering user terminals corresponding to the ordering user accounts in all the target order information.

Analysis and conclusion

Reference Document 1 discloses a logistics distribution method, which comprises the following steps: the logistics terminal scans the bar code on the distribution list and sends the scanned information to the server to inform the server that the goods have arrived; The server obtains the information of the ordering user in the scanned information and sends a notice to the ordering user; The ordering user who receives the notice completes the pickup according to the notification information.

The difference between the solution of the invention patent application and the reference file 1 is that users are notified of the order arrival in batches. In order to realize the batch notification, the data architecture and data communication mode between the server, the logistics terminal and the user terminal in the solution have been adjusted accordingly, and the picking notification rule and the specific batch notification implementation method support each other and interact with each other in function. Compared with reference document 1, it is determined that the technical problem actually solved by the invention is how to improve the efficiency of order arrival notification and then improve the efficiency of goods distribution. From the user’s point of view, users can get the information of order arrival more quickly, and also improve the user experience. Because the prior art does not have the technical enlightenment of improving the above-mentioned reference document 1 to obtain the solution of the invention patent application, the solution is creative.

[Example 10]

A Visualization Method of Dynamic Viewpoint Evolution

Overview of application content

In recent years, people have expressed their opinions and ideas more and more through social platforms. The emotional content published on social platforms reflects the evolution of people’s views, and we can see the development, changes and trends of events. The invention patent application helps people to better understand the intensity change of emotions at different times and the evolution trend with time by automatically collecting the information published by people on social platforms and analyzing their emotions, and drawing emotional visualization maps by computers.

Claim of application

A visualization method for dynamic viewpoint evolution comprises the following steps:

Step 1, determining the emotional membership degree and emotional classification of information in the collected information set by a computing device, wherein the emotional membership degree of the information indicates how much the information belongs to an emotional classification;

Step 2, the emotion is classified as positive, neutral or negative, and the specific classification method is as follows: if the value r of the number of likes p divided by the number of clicks q is greater than the threshold value a, then the emotion is classified as positive; if the value r is less than the threshold value b, then the emotion is classified as negative; if the value b≤r≤a, then the emotion is classified as neutral, where a>b;

Step 3, based on the emotional classification of the information, automatically establishing the geometric layout of the emotional visualization graphics of the information set, wherein the horizontal axis represents the time when the information is generated, and the vertical axis represents the amount of information belonging to each emotional classification;

Step 4, the computing device colors the established geometric layout based on the emotional membership degree of the information, and colors the information on each emotional classification layer according to the gradual change order of the information color.

Analysis and conclusion

Comparative document 1 discloses a visual analysis method based on emotion, in which time is represented as a horizontal axis, the width of each color band at different times represents the measurement of an emotion at that time, and different colors are used to represent different emotions.

The difference between the solution of the invention patent application and the comparison file 1 lies in the specific classification rules of emotions set in step 2. It can be seen from the content of the application that even if the emotion classification rules are different, the technical means of coloring the corresponding data can be the same, and there is no need to change, that is, the above-mentioned emotion classification rules and specific visualization means are not functionally mutually supportive and have an interactive relationship. Compared with reference document 1, the application for a patent for invention only puts forward a new rule of emotion classification, which does not actually solve any technical problems or make technical contributions to the existing technology. Therefore, the claimed invention technical scheme is not creative compared with reference document 1.

6.3 Writing of Instructions and Claims

6.3.1 Writing of instructions

The description of an application for a patent for invention containing the features of algorithm or business rules and methods shall clearly and completely describe the solution adopted by the invention to solve its technical problems. On the basis of technical features, the solution can further include algorithm features or business rules and method features that are functionally mutually supportive and have an interactive relationship with the technical features.

The specification shall specify how the technical features and the algorithmic features or business rules and method features that support each other functionally and interact with each other can work together and produce beneficial effects. For example, when the algorithm features are included, the abstract algorithm should be combined with the specific technical field, and the definition of at least one input parameter and its related output results should be associated with the specific data in the technical field; When it contains the characteristics of business rules and methods, the whole process of solving technical problems should be described and explained in detail, so that technicians in the technical field can realize the solution of the invention according to the contents recorded in the specification.

The description should clearly and objectively state the beneficial effects of the invention compared with the existing technology, such as the improvement of quality, accuracy or efficiency, the improvement of the internal performance of the system, etc. If the user experience is objectively improved from the user’s point of view, it can also be explained in the manual. At this time, it should also be explained how the improvement of the user experience is brought or produced by the technical features that constitute the invention, as well as the algorithmic features or business rules and method features that support each other functionally and interact with each other.

6.3.2 Writing of Claims

The claim of an application for a patent for invention containing the features of algorithm or business rules and methods shall be based on the specification and clearly and briefly define the scope of patent protection. The claim shall record the technical features and the algorithmic features or business rules and method features that are functionally mutually supportive and have an interactive relationship with the technical features.

Other contents of this chapter have not been modified.

This decision shall come into force as of February 1, 2020.

Related links：Revision and Interpretation of Chapter 9, Part II of Patent Examination Guide in 2020

Weilai’s power exchange mode is another way for new energy vehicles to replenish energy, and the benefits of this method are obvious, which is as fast as that of fuel vehicles, which is incomparable to charging.

There are always people who say that when the solid-state battery comes out, the battery changing mode will be eliminated. In fact, this is a wrong statement.

No matter what kind of battery it is, the charging time can’t be faster than the battery changing time. It only takes 2~3 minutes to change the battery, and it takes half an hour at the earliest to fully charge the power battery, even if it is overcharged.

In terms of efficiency, the advantages of power exchange are obvious.

At present, the total number of new energy vehicles is 24.72 million (by the end of June 2024), of which 18.134 million are pure electric vehicles, accounting for 73.4%.

The total number of cars in China is 336 million. If the number of new energy vehicles continues to rise in the future, reaching 100-300 million, how to solve the problem of charging (recharging)?

For plug-in hybrid vehicles and extended-range electric vehicles, because there is no endurance anxiety, the demand for charging is not that strong, and these two new energy vehicles certainly cannot change their electricity.

Only pure electric vehicles have endurance anxiety, and the power exchange is mainly aimed at pure electric vehicles.

Nowadays, many people don’t have their own independent garage and can’t install charging piles, which limits their motivation to buy pure electric vehicles. These people either buy oil cars or plug-in hybrid cars.

Oil vehicles will be eliminated in the future, and the probability of plug-in hybrid vehicles is also transitional. Pure electric vehicles must solve the problem of endurance anxiety and the charging time. If there is an option of changing power, I believe many people will choose it.

If you are in a city, it is no problem to charge a plug-in hybrid car. Even if you don’t have a charging pile, there are charging piles everywhere in the city.

Among new energy vehicles, pure trams account for more than plug-in hybrid vehicles and extended-range vehicles, occupying a dominant position. The number of pure trams has reached 100 million, and charging will be a huge problem, so the significance of changing electricity is reflected.

At present, there are 11.433 million charging piles in China, including 8.104 million private charging piles, most of which are private charging piles, and the number of private charging piles will not be released to charge others, so the number of charging piles will be even less.

The total number of charging piles is less than half of the number of new energy vehicles. Obviously, the construction progress of charging piles is completely inferior to that of new energy vehicles, and this contradiction will exist for a long time.

Conventionally, the number of charging piles should be at least twice as large as that of new energy vehicles, so as to facilitate charging. If the number of new energy vehicles reaches 100 million, such as 300 million, there should be at least 600 million charging piles, which is a terrible number.

If there is the function of changing electricity, it will greatly alleviate the problem of charging new energy vehicles, which is an excellent choice.

At present, most people who buy new energy vehicles have their own charging conditions. How can those who don’t have charging conditions solve their charging needs? I think changing electricity is one way.

You can say that,The more new energy vehicles, the more important it is to change electricity, unless the country can solve the serious shortage of charging piles..

Weilai currently has 2,560 power stations in China, including 860 in expressway service areas. Weilai Automobile plans to build 5,000 power stations in the next few years.

The investment in a power station in Weilai is 1 million to 2 million RMB, and 5,000 power stations need to invest 5 billion to 10 billion RMB. This investment is huge. For an enterprise, it is difficult to invest so many power stations firmly without the endorsement of the state.

I think Weilai’s investment in changing power stations must be supported and acquiesced by the state, which is conducive to the development of the whole industry of new energy vehicles.

Weilai’s investment in building and replacing power stations is huge, with a cumulative loss of 97.01 billion RMB. However, at present, power station replacement is an exclusive business in China, and there is no worry about future profitability.

As long as pure electric vehicles exist, there is no problem in changing power stations.

At present, seven car companies have joined Weilai Power Station and can use Weilai’s power exchange business, namely, Changan, Geely, Jianghuai, Chery, Lotus, Guangzhou Automobile, FAW, Ruilan and Huawei HarmonyOS Zhixing.

The pure electric vehicles produced by these car companies that have joined the power exchange agreement can not only charge, but also exchange electricity. What’s wrong with one more way to replenish energy? This is the reason why consumers buy cars.

At present, the only pure electric vehicle that has no scruples about running long-distance and high-speed is Weilai Automobile, because it can change electricity and does not need to grab charging piles with other vehicles, and the time is fast, which makes many pure electric vehicle owners envy.

Charging piles should be the most common in the future, followed by changing power stations. In the future, there will be more ways to replenish energy. All gas stations may become charging stations or changing power stations, and there will even be private investment in changing power stations in the future.

Power exchange will not be eliminated, on the contrary, it will only become more and more important.

　　On April 8, according to the Economic Development Bureau of Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone, the inspection and release hall for the on-board personnel of the passenger and truck passage at Hengqin Port will be opened at 15: 00 on April 9. It is understood that the entry-exit passage of the vehicle-mounted personnel inspection and release hall will adopt the "cooperative inspection and one-time release" customs clearance mode, and eight quick inspection passages and three manual inspection passages will be set up respectively to further improve the level of customs clearance convenience.

　　After the opening of the car attendant inspection and release hall, all the car attendants who take less than 9 non-operating minibuses can pass through the customs clearance hall. According to the relevant regulations, children aged 10 or below, elderly aged 70 or above, pregnant women and other China citizens and people with disabilities who need assistance can continue to drive through the entry and exit lanes in non-operating vehicles after the opening of the on-board personnel clearance hall. Other vehicle-borne personnel can walk to the vehicle-borne personnel clearance hall for customs clearance after the vehicle stops at the designated place at the port.

　　It is worth noting that people who use the on-board personnel inspection and release hall should bring their personal luggage and articles through customs. For the owners of Macao pet dogs and cats in the "list of applicable personnel", they can also bring one pet dog and cat that meets the requirements of exemption from inspection at a time with the vehicle, and use the inspection and release hall of the vehicle attendant to clear customs.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Now, almost every household has broadband. Broadband is idle when we are not at home. If someone told you that these flows can be realized by renting out profits, would you be moved? Some time ago, Mr. Liu, a citizen of Yichang, Hubei Province, was moved by this way of making money, and it turned out that it was a scam.

　　　　　　 Some time ago, Mr. Liu from Yichang, Hubei was introduced, saying that if you rent the idle broadband traffic at home, you can get high cash back, but only if you rent the port of an APP first. So Mr. Liu invested 20 thousand yuan first.

　　　　　　 Victim Mr. Liu: "The rent of a node is 400 yuan a month, and then it can generate 20 yuan a day, which is 600 yuan a month, and you can earn 200 yuan by investing 400 yuan. Twenty thousand dollars bought fifty mouths, and then the twenty thousand dollars returned thousands of dollars. "

　　　　　　 After seeing the profit, Mr. Liu added investment again, but this time the cash back was delayed. He felt cheated and went to the police station to call the police. After receiving the police, the police immediately launched an investigation and found that this was a typical investment fraud case.

　　　　　　 Yang Zhou, a policeman from Xiling District Bureau of Yichang Public Security Bureau: "In the process of fraud, they actually pay back the money to the victims of the previous investment in proportion on a regular basis as promised, but they are actually waiting for an opportunity, that is, once there is a victim who invests a large amount at one time, the fish is hooked, and they will no longer pay back."

　　　　　　 According to the clues provided by the victim, the police locked three suspects in Anyang, Henan Province and arrested them. At the scene, 22 mobile phones, 31 phone cards and 1 computer involved were seized, and 240,000 yuan was recovered.

　　　　　　 After investigation, three suspects forged a set of apps with realized traffic and posted advertisements through multiple channels to attract victims’ investment.

　　　　　　 Zhang Junrui, a policeman from Xiling District Branch of Yichang Public Security Bureau, said: "This kind of network port (fraud) case is relatively new, and the fooled groups are all over the country."

　　　　　　 At present, three suspects have been criminally detained, and the number of deceived people and the amount involved are being further processed.

The citizens filmed the snow scene in Beijing at Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan.

The turret by the moat is very popular with photographers.

Yesterday morning, sanitation workers cleared snow in Baolong Road, Tongzhou Photo/Reporter Hei Jianjun

Photography wrapped in silver in Beihai Park/Reporter Wang Zhenlong

After the first snow, the children piled up snowmen under the porch. Photo/Reporter Wang Zhenlong

　　This year’s first winter snow arrived as scheduled, quietly covering the park with snow-white and crystal-clear quilts for the park that has not faded away in autumn. Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the Municipal Park Management Center that yesterday, a total of 300,000 tourists were invited to take photos, an increase of 50% compared with last weekend. In order to ensure the safety of the public’s viewing, park staff began to clean the park gate area and main sightseeing roads at 3 am, lay anti-skid mats, and remind tourists to pay attention to safety through park broadcasting.

　　Take pictures in the park

　　Jingshan is the hottest place to punch in online celebrity.

　　On November 30th, 11 municipal parks and China Garden Museum ushered in the peak after the early winter. Before dawn in the morning, the municipal parks welcomed many citizens, tourists and photographers who enjoyed the snow scene. Before 7 o’clock in the morning, the tourists waiting for the opening of the Summer Palace lined up, and the tourists who went to Jingshan Park to climb the snow scene gathered on Wanchun Pavilion early.

　　Wanshun Pavilion in Jingshan is the best place to photograph Beijing’s central axis. The first snow attracts a large number of photographers to overlook Beijing from Wanshun Pavilion in Jingshan. The north-south central axis is covered in silver, with snow-red walls and golden tiles, and with snowmen of different shapes, Jingshan has become the hottest punching place in online celebrity after the snow in Beijing.

　　Yesterday morning, the snow stopped in Xiangshan area. Compared with the rapid warming of the urban area, the unique microclimate of Xiangshan Park retained the scene of snow "like flowers". Until noon, the park was still made of powder and jade, attracting citizens and tourists to punch in the "Xishan Clear Snow".

　　The early flowering Chimonanthus praecox in the reclining Buddha Temple in Beijing Botanical Garden is equally fascinating. Many tourists said that they heard that the Chimonanthus praecox in the reclining Buddha Temple was blooming in the past two days, and it was snowing again, so they came to feel the "Xun Mei in the Snow". At present, Chimonanthus praecox in the reclining Buddha Temple belongs to the early flowering Chimonanthus praecox variety, and the flowering period can last from November to around the Spring Festival every year. There are also nearly 100 plants, such as Suxin Chimonanthus praecox and Qikou Chimonanthus praecox, which will bloom around the Spring Festival. The planting age of the ancient Chimonanthus praecox in front of the Tianwang Temple can be traced back to the Zhenguan period in the Tang Dynasty.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Park Management Center, the number of visitors to 11 parks and China Garden Museum reached 300,000 yesterday, up 50% from last weekend. Considering that the snowfall is the first snow in the winter of 2019, tourists are enthusiastic about enjoying the snow. Municipal park workers began to clean the park gate and main tour roads at 3 am, laying anti-skid mats at the gate and ramp, cleaning and wiping the ground and handrails of barrier-free facilities, reminding tourists to visit safely in time through park broadcasts, electronic screens and temporary signs, and keeping forest trails and snow scenes in various scenic spots for tourists to enjoy under the condition of ensuring safety.

　　Snow sweeping this winter, in addition to manual cleaning, the park also dispatched large snow sweepers and small machinery, and the landscaping department conducted uninterrupted inspections of the trees in the whole park in groups and batches to prevent freezing damage; Artificial snow removal shall be carried out for ancient trees, evergreen trees and bamboo forests, so as to prevent the trees from being bent and crushed by rain and snow overload.

　　As the temperature rises, the snow in the park is gradually melting, and the ground is slippery. The Municipal Park Management Center reminds citizens to pay attention to the safety of their feet and the information sent by the official Weibo in time.

　　Enter the palace to enjoy the snow

　　Passenger flow in the Forbidden City reached a peak of 80,000.

　　The first snow, which arrived as scheduled, made the Forbidden City a "online celebrity". The reporter of Beiqing Daily was informed that the passenger flow of the Palace Museum reached a peak of 80,000 on November 30.

　　Yesterday morning, there were crowds inside and outside the Red Wall of the Forbidden City. Tourists taking pictures are gathered in various squares in the palace, and snowmen are piled up in many places; By the moat outside the Shenwumen Gate of the Forbidden City, it has become the best place for photographers to shoot with the turret as the background.

　　In order to return to the "snow addiction", the fans of the Forbidden City are preparing for it overnight. Netizen FFFRao proudly introduced his successful ticket purchase strategy: I saw it snowing heavily last night, so I bought a ticket with my friends and got up early and rushed to the Forbidden City without stopping, just to miss the first snow in the Forbidden City! "Autumn is now in Peiping, and it is forbidden to meet with snow and purple", which is all caught up this year.

　　The photos of the snow scene in the Forbidden City were immediately screened in various circle of friends. Wang Erxiao, a netizen, summed up his message on the micro-Forbidden City: I got up at 5: 30 and went to the Forbidden City to see the snow. After waiting for several years, I finally fulfilled my long-cherished wish and ran around the Forbidden City twice. I was as happy as a child! I feel my leg is broken when I come back. I will go to the Forbidden City next time it snows.

　　Great wall scenic spot

　　Snow has little effect, so you can visit normally

　　On November 30, a citizen broke the news that when he arrived at the Shuiguan Great Wall in Yanqing, Beijing, he found that the scenic spot was not allowed to enter, and the staff said that it would take some time. In this regard, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that after the snow, for the safety of tourists, Shuiguan Great Wall took more than an hour to clear the snow, and it was possible to enter the tour normally around 12 o’clock.

　　The staff of Shuiguan Great Wall said that the opening time was delayed because some sections were steep and the snow had to be cleared for the safety of tourists. At the same time, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned from the staff of Badaling Great Wall and Juyongguan Great Wall Scenic Area that they can all visit normally at present.

　　According to WeChat WeChat official account of Beijing Badaling Tourism Corporation, on the evening of November 29th, the first snow in the winter of 2019 arrived as scheduled, and for a time, the WeChat circle of friends was screened by this snow.

　　However, Badaling Tourism Corporation also said that while enjoying the beautiful snow scene, the snowfall also brought inconvenience to the residents, tourists and vehicles. In order to ensure safety, the Party Committee of Badaling Tourism Corporation made plans in advance, requiring all units to strictly abide by the principle of "snow is the command", and all departments, subsidiaries and scenic spots of the Corporation immediately organized staff to carry out snow sweeping and ice shoveling work.

　　After nearly three hours of shoveling and sweeping, the snow in the responsibility areas, tourist reception areas and scenic roads of all units has been thoroughly cleaned up. All the party member, cadres and employees of the company involved in this snow sweeping and shoveling ice totaled more than 300 people, creating a clean and safe holiday tourism environment for tourists.

　　New business opportunities

　　"Snow ghostwriting" is charged by the number of words.

　　After a short rise, it will melt off the assembly line with the snow.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily found that at the same time that the snow fell at the beginning of this winter, many sellers of online e-commerce platforms launched the service of "writing on the ground of the first snow in Beijing" or "building a snowman" on the evening of November 29. However, as the snow gradually melted, the reporter of Beiqing Daily found that by about 5 pm yesterday, many such services had been offline. "If you can’t sell them, it will affect my reputation." Some sellers said.

　　On the evening of November 29th, some online mall sellers launched the service of writing and making snowmen on the snow, and many merchants emphasized that it was "the first snow in Beijing".

　　A merchant said that writing on behalf of people and making snowmen on behalf of them are mainly aimed at southern buyers. Writing on behalf of people is generally charged according to the number of words. "5 yuan is less than 10 words, and 0.5 yuan is more than 10 words per word."

　　The seller said that the words written in the snow can be transmitted to the buyer through video or photos. "Buyers can choose to write their own greetings or the names of two couples. I can photograph the whole process and send it to the buyer." In response to how to ensure that the photographed snow writing scene is located in Beijing, the seller responded that the mobile phone photos taken will contain location information. If the buyer wants to take pictures of writing in the snow in the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven and other famous scenic spots in Beijing, he needs to negotiate with the seller and determine the appropriate price to deal with it.

　　As for the snowman, the seller said that he set the pricing method according to the height of the snowman: "5 cm tall snowman 10 yuan money, 10 cm tall snowman 25 yuan money, this is mainly because the time cost of snowman is higher than writing."

　　The seller admitted that by noon on November 30, he had not received an order to write or make a snowman on the snow in Beijing. "Three or four people have consulted, but the real order has not yet been placed."

　　Another seller told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that before putting the business of writing on behalf of others into the online mall, he felt that it was very simple to write in the snow: "After someone really placed an order to buy the writing service, I found a snowy open space downstairs, and I found that writing was not so simple. Not only did I have to squat or kneel in the snow, but it was not as easy as I thought to write beautiful fonts smoothly with my fingers. It takes more than 10 minutes to write down 10 complete words. "

　　Besides, by noon yesterday, as the snow melted, there was less ground to write on. At about 1 pm that day, the seller went off the snow writing service urgently. "If anyone wants to make a reservation again, I will break my promise."

　　Text/Beijing Youth Daily reporter Wang Bin Dong Zhenjie Qu Chang Fu Yao yan wang

　　Photo courtesy of Xinhua News Agency (except signature)

In May 2017, urban taxis were replaced with new seat covers

On June 8, 2011, the loving sister Hu Jinyu sent the college entrance examination candidates for free

The first generation taxi Fiat

One of the second-generation taxi models, Fukang

One of the second generation taxi models Van

The third-generation taxi new Elysee

All Media Chief Reporter Li Xinghui Correspondent Hu Jian Intern Huang Wenyan

playback

The first taxi was introduced in 1980

Although the number of private cars is increasing, taxis are still an important means of public transportation in the city. Taxi passenger transportation in Xiangyang began in 1980.

It is understood that that year, Xiangyang City Rental and Public Car Company purchased two Fiat cars for taxi passenger transportation, mainly operating chartered business.

Three years later, the number of taxis in the urban area increased to six. By 1989, the municipal government allowed state-owned, collective and individual taxis to operate in accordance with the development of the national economy. The number of taxis soared to 48, 68 in 1992 and 90 in 1993. However, at this time, the operation mode of taxis was mainly to wait for passengers and charter passengers, and still did not go to the road to pick up passengers.

In 1995, urban taxis were uniformly installed with meters, and began to carry passengers on the road, charging according to the mileage displayed by the meters.

new visit

It has undergone seven major changes

From owning the first taxi to 2018, our city’s taxi market has undergone seven major transformations.

In 1996, Xiangyang City began to implement macro-control on the total number of taxis in the urban area, and implemented the paid use of taxi management rights. In that year, taxis were uniformly replaced with "T" license plates and installed taxi headlights. In 2001, the "T" license plate number segment for urban taxis was uniformly replaced with the "X" license plate segment. There are more than ten types of taxi models such as Alto, Van, and Fukang, and the freight rates are also different.

In 2003, after the original Xiangyang County was removed from the county and set up as a district, the Xiangyang Municipal Government brought the taxis in the original Xiangyang District into the unified management of Xiangyang City. With the approval of the provincial government, Xiangyang City increased the number of taxis by 180, bringing the total to 1,700. In the same year, the municipal government decided to phase out the taxis in three years and replace them all with Fukang cars. On July 6, 2005, the last yellow-faced taxis in Xiangyang City were withdrawn from the market, and all urban taxis were Fukang models. Since August 2008, urban taxis have been gradually replaced by Elysee models.

Since 2006, in response to the impact of rising oil prices on the taxi industry, the Municipal Passenger Management Office has negotiated with the public security vehicle management, price, technical supervision and other departments, and decided to convert the fuel to gas for taxis in the city. In December 2007, the oil-to-gas conversion of taxis in Xiangyang City was completed.

In July 2013, the municipal party committee and municipal government licensed the operation rights of 500 new taxis to the municipal public transportation company, pioneering a new road of "zero docking, zero contracting, zero shift fee, and zero part money" and "public bus" in the country.

In July 2016, according to the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry", the city started to deepen the reform of the taxi industry. In August of the same year, urban taxis stopped collecting paid transfer fees for operating rights, and cruise taxis officially entered the stage of free use of operating rights. At the same time, the legalization of online car-hailing was quickly started. After a year of preparation, the detailed rules for the implementation of online car-hailing have been revised more than ten times and were officially announced and implemented on December 7, 2017.

On January 26, 2018, our city issued the first online car-booking business license. On March 20, 2018, the first legal online car-hailing car officially went into operation. On September 25, 2018, Xiangyang’s local online car-hailing platform "Xiangyang Travel" APP was officially launched, and Xiangyang’s taxi industry officially entered the era of "cruise + online appointment".

In October 2018, the municipal transportation department integrated the original 23 intensive management companies into three modern cruise car companies with a certain scale, further clarifying the ownership of vehicle property rights, operating rights, and company intensive management rights, and resolving industry contradictions.

Outlook

"Internet + transportation" will bring more convenience

Taxi cars have been available in our city for 39 years.

Over the past 39 years, the urban taxi industry has continued to develop through reform. Today, there are 2,200 urban cruise taxis, 4 cruise taxi companies, about 5,000 employees, a daily operating mileage of 400 kilometers for bicycles, a daily operating income of about 600 yuan, and a daily passenger volume of about 200,000. There are 15 online ride-hailing platform companies, 688 online ride-hailing cars, and nearly 6,000 drivers have applied for online ride-hailing driver licenses.

With the deepening of reform, the operating environment of taxis will continue to improve. The rapid development of "Internet + transportation" will bring more convenience to citizens’ travel.

Witnesses say

Continuously enhance the citizen’s ride experience

In December 1989, at the age of 19, Yang Yongjun joined the Municipal Passenger Transport Management Office, which was established that year, and has been a law enforcement officer for 30 years. "There were only eight people in the entire Passenger Transport Management Office at that time. Now, there are more than 30 people in our three management offices alone," Yang Yongjun said.

Yang Yongjun introduced that Xiangyang’s first taxi company was Oriental Pearl Taxi Company, which was affiliated to the Oriental Chemical Plant and had 10 Alto; after that, Hubei Chemical Fiber Taxi Company and Light Boat Taxi Company entered the taxi market; later, Auto Trade Taxi Company appeared, and the yellow face entered the lives of Xiangyang people. "In the past, we mainly cracked down on illegal operation activities, but now we mainly regulate the business behavior of licensed taxis." Yang Yongjun said that with the development of society, people have more choices when traveling. As a passenger transportation management department, we must ensure that citizens who travel by taxi have a more comfortable and comfortable riding environment, and constantly improve the public’s riding experience.

(Photo courtesy of the Municipal Passenger Transport Administration)

　　"It costs money to buy an oil car, but it costs life to buy a tram". After witnessing the news that many batteries caught fire, collided and fell apart, and the intelligent driving failed, many users love and fear electric cars. Want to experience its performance and economy, but worry about its security. In fact, we don’t have to give up eating because of choking. Whether an electric car is safe or not depends not on whether it is an "electric car", but on the safety strength of the vehicle itself. So, what kind of car is "safe" in the current new energy market? The answer to this question can be given to you by asking the M5 version.

　　Active and safe, high-level intelligent driving covers more scenes.

　　Examples of smart driving failures of some brands are not uncommon, which is also the key reason why many users are uneasy about smart electric vehicles. In this regard, I am very cautious about asking the M5 Smart Driving Edition. The HUAWEI ADS 2.0 advanced intelligent driving system equipped with this car is a leading presence in the industry. It is equipped with 1 overhead lidar, 3 millimeter-wave radars, 11 high-definition cameras for lateral and backward visual perception and 12 ultrasonic radars, which can accurately perceive both static targets and dynamic objects. It has laid a solid foundation for every safe trip.

　　The excellent hardware configuration determines the active safety performance of the M5 Intelligent Driving Edition in practical vehicles. Previously, some media have tested the pilot assistance function of this car together with Tucki G6 and Ideal L7MAX. In the urban ground road scene, for the intersection passing success rate test project, the crossing passing success rate of Zhijie M5 version reached 98.86%, while that of Tucki G6 was only 96.43%, which shows the superiority of the former in active avoidance. This also means that when we pass through intersections and traffic lights, it can effectively identify and ensure our safe passage. If there are pedestrians on the zebra crossing, they will also recognize courtesy to avoid the risk of accidents due to occasional distraction when driving and failure to pay attention to the pedestrians and vehicles in front.

　　In the same scene, the coverage mileage of pilot-assisted driving in Wenjie M5 version is better than Xiaopeng G6, with the former reaching 93.86% and the latter only 82.86%. Obviously, the former has more time to free the driver’s hands and travel more easily. In the test project of the success rate of ramp import and export in the urban elevated road scene, the success rate of Wujie M5 version is as high as 100%, and the ideal L7Max is only 35.71%. Coincidentally, in the MPI (Average Takeover Mileage) of inter-city expressway, the intelligent driving version of the M5 is 270.67km, and the ideal L7Max is only 41.31km. It can be seen that, as far as reliability is concerned, the M5 version of Zhijia has the strength of "real money and silver". No matter the complex road conditions in the urban area, or the road conditions such as urban elevated roads and intercity highways, this car can easily help us cope with it, and it is a close-fitting "old driver".

　　At the same time, Wujie M5 Smart Driving Edition also has four MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antennas for mobile communication, with higher signal strength, wider coverage and smoother smart driving experience. In addition, it has a strong ability to recognize and process objects by integrating the sensing bird’s eye view network (BEV) and the general obstacle detection (GOD) network. This is not to brag about the M5 version, but to have facts and basis. In the AEB (Automatic Emergency Braking) test safety response speed boundary test held by Autolab, the performance of many test items set by the media with the M5 intelligent driving version directly surpassed Tesla Model Y, Ideal L9 and other models.

　　Specifically, in the mixed scene of stationary cars and pedestrians at the front and rear, the complex environment and changeable factors will test the driver’s concentration and driving ability, and a collision will occur if he is not careful, which is also an important scene to test smart driving. In the test in this scenario, the response performance of Jiejie M5 Intelligent Driving Edition at the speed of 90kph far exceeds the response capability of Tesla Model Y at the speed of 60kph, and the former has faster response and higher safety.

　　In addition, "adult ghost probe", as a high-incidence cause of accidents in urban areas, makes many drivers call it "headache". In the actual measurement, when the response speed of Tucki P7i and ideal L9 is 35kph and 65kph respectively, the intelligent driving version of Wenjie M5 is one step ahead with a score of 75kph, not to mention the "side dummy" which is difficult to recognize by other models.

　　In fact, people’s living boundaries are constantly being broken, and people are looking forward to exploring the diversity and richness of life. Cars that can meet the needs of multi-scene travel are precious, especially with the label "high safety in smart driving", it is difficult not to become consumers’ hearts. Obviously, among the above-mentioned models, the intelligent driving version of the M5 is obviously more worthy of choice.

　　Passive safety is excellent, and multi-dimensional protection eliminates security risks

　　The battery safety of electric vehicles has always attracted much attention, and the M5 Smart Driving Edition has adopted many "black technologies" to break everyone’s doubts. This car battery comes from a top supplier, and each battery cell adopts diaphragm fire-proof coating technology to avoid safety risks from the root. At the same time, the advanced BMS battery management system can provide early warning and protection in time after the thermal runaway signal appears, and further kill the safety risks such as fire in the cradle.

　　For body safety, this car uses a cage-type safety body with higher safety. More than 60% of the body is made of high-strength steel, and the proportion of thermoformed steel is 19%. This also means that asking for the M5 version is equivalent to protecting every passenger in the car in the "safety net", which greatly reduces the possible casualties after the collision.

　　Not only that, in the cockpit, this car is designed according to the standard of "China Automobile Health Index (C-AHI)", and adopts an environmentally friendly water-based glue adhesive which can reduce odor volatilization. A good interior environment can bring health protection to every passenger in the car, and it can also ensure worry-free travel. Previously, this car had won the passenger car Health+ cockpit certification, CN95 health cockpit 5A certification and China automobile health index C-AHI all five stars.

　　tag

　　From the recent industry media measurement, we can intuitively understand that the M5 version of Zhijie has achieved the ultimate in active and passive safety, ahead of many competing products at the same level. An electric vehicle with excellent safety is enough to eliminate everyone’s concerns about the safety of electric vehicles. Based on this, the intelligent and safe version of the M5 Intelligent Driving Edition undoubtedly provides a better direction for everyone’s choice.

"subject three"

It is the hottest dance of the year in 2023.

recent days

"Rehearsal of Spring Festival Evening in Many Places is subject 3"

Arouse netizens’ attention

It is understood that

Zhao Benshan disciple Song Xiaofeng

When recording the Spring Festival Evening sketch on Anhui TV

Dance the dance fragments of subject three

Spread widely on the internet

January 18th

Sketch director and actor Gao Hailong

Tell to the media

It is necessary for the plot to set up Song Xiaofeng to jump subject three in the sketch.

Not for the sake of adding.

Gao Hailong said that the online spread is only a fragment, not the whole story, so netizens will feel that the stalk is very hard, and the audience watching the whole process will not feel this way. "old terrier new stalks, used properly, are good stalks."

In addition, Guangdong, Liaoning and other provinces also appeared in the rehearsal tidbits of the 2024 Spring Festival Evening. According to media reports, during the rehearsal of the Spring Festival Evening in the Year of the Loong Bay Area of Guangdong Satellite TV, Chaoshan dancers combined traditional Chinese opera with "Subject III" and danced with the music in distinctive costumes.

Source: Video screenshot

In this regard, some netizens expressed disgust.

Any "stalk" will taste bad after being used.

Others said it was acceptable.

Provided that it is used in comedies.

In this regard, some media said that

Like it or not is a personal right.

It is best to bring happiness.

If the emergence of "subject three" wins everyone a smile

That’s enough.

What do you think?

Original title: "Subject III" Dance Should Go to Satellite TV Spring Festival Evening? Director: Proper use is a good stalk, but netizens say … "

Read the original text