In the past beginning of autumn, the "first cup of milk tea in autumn" was once again screened. According to the data of Meituan, on the same day in beginning of autumn, Meituan’s take-out platform sold over 53 million drinks, up 34% year-on-year, and the sales of 10 brands exceeded one million drinks.

　　Greeting beginning of autumn with milk tea is a unique sense of ceremony for a new generation of young people, but after the milk tea carnival, some people began to regret it a little. The reason is that, in the words of netizens, "the first cup of milk tea in autumn became the first insomnia in autumn".

　　In Little Red Book, as of August 13th, there were more than 650,000 notes on the topic # Insomnia after drinking the first cup of milk tea in autumn # and as many as 380,000 notes on the topic #. Many netizens vomited in the middle of the night, "Tea is drunk at nine o’clock, and people haven’t slept until six o’clock", "I like drinking milk tea and staying up all night" and "Insomnia comes here to gather".

　　What puzzles many consumers is: Why is milk tea so refreshing?

　　The answer is that caffeine is naturally contained in tea, so caffeine is generally found in tea drinks containing tea. How much caffeine does a cup of milk tea contain? When can drinking milk tea easily lead to insomnia?

The Secret of Caffeine in Milk Tea

Is drinking milk tea easy to lose sleep?

"Milk tea insomnia list" attracts attention

　　Before "Caffeine in Milk Tea" caused concern, some netizens spontaneously started the "Milk Tea Insomnia Ranking" on social platforms. Because it is a subjective evaluation, the evaluation dimensions adopted by netizens mainly lie in insomnia times and insomnia time. For example, a certain milk tea drinks insomnia every time, a certain milk tea starts to feel refreshed in the afternoon, and a certain milk tea prolongs the sleep time by two or three hours … Some netizens spontaneously started the "Insomnia Milk Tea Collection".

　　Image source: social platform

　　Behind these competing "folk lists" is that with the increasing consumption of tea and gradually becoming a part of daily life, people are paying more and more attention to insomnia caused by drinking milk tea. At the same time, because the "factors" that cause insomnia in tea are not clear, consumers can only "cross the river by feeling the stones" and use their bodies to do tests.

　　In November last year, Bawang Tea Ji announced the caffeine content of some of her drinks. Subsequently, the caffeine content of her drinks exceeded that of Red Bull drinks, which caused a heated discussion. Red Bull Beverage, which claims to relieve fatigue, contains about 75mg (mg) of caffeine in 500ml of two cans, while the caffeine content in Boya Juexian, a 580ml classic drink of Bawang Chaji, is about 166mg. In this regard, some netizens commented that "it is the first time to know that milk tea contains caffeine content".

　　In May of this year, the topic of "Wan Li Mulan, whose netizens dominate Wang Chaji, couldn’t sleep after drinking" was rushed.The hot search list ranked first, and the reading volume of the topic exceeded 120 million. Bawang Chaji responded that the caffeine content of Wan Li Mulan is 235mg, which is equivalent to a cup of latte of the same specification.

　　In fact, many consumers don’t know that tea contains caffeine. According to the Survey on Consumers’ Cognition and Attitude towards Caffeine in China (2023) released by Kexin Food and Health Information Exchange Center in September 2023, 52.15% of the respondents did not know that tea contained caffeine. However, according to the countryThe dietary caffeine intake level of China residents and its risk assessment issued by the Risk Assessment Center in May 2021. In China, for adult consumers, the highest contribution rate of caffeine intake is tea, tea beverage, milk tea and coffee.

　　Because tea contains caffeine, drinks containing tea will inevitably contain caffeine. However, the caffeine content of different drinks still varies greatly.

　　From the "Collection of Insomnia Milk Tea", "Collection of Insomnia Milk Tea" and "List of Insomnia Milk Tea" spontaneously produced by netizens, it can be seen that consumers are not only eager to know the specific content of caffeine in milk tea, but also hope to know in a simpler and more intuitive way: How strong is a cup of milk tea? Is it easy to cause insomnia? Is it suitable for drinking? What time is suitable for drinking? To this end, some tea brands decided to respond to the demand.

The Secret of Caffeine in Milk Tea

Hi Tea Industry is the first to announce the "Caffeine Traffic Light" health label.

More than half of decaffeinated and labeled as "green light" drinks

　　On August 15th, Xicha fully publicized the caffeine content of the ready-made drinks currently on sale in WeChat applet, online store and cup labeling. From August 15th to 17th, consumers who buy any products of Hi-Tea can also receive a complimentary caffeine traffic light identification card with the order.

　　As a new brand of tea brewed with original leaf tea, the tea soup in hi-tea drinks naturally contains caffeine.According to the caffeine content, Xicha classifies the drinks into four levels: decaffeinated, green, yellow and red, where green represents caffeine content < 50mg/ cup, yellow represents caffeine content 50-100mg/ cup and red represents caffeine content > 100mg/ cup.

　　The grading results show that,Among the ready-made drinks currently sold in all stores of Xicha, there are 19 products with caffeine-free and caffeine content marked as "green light", accounting for about 53%., including most popular fruit tea products such as succulent grapes, succulent peaches and plums, succulent mangmangmang, and two 0-caffeine drinks, namely roasted brown sugar bobo milk and brown sugar bobo real milk; There are 8 products with caffeine content labeled as "yellow light", accounting for about 22%, including tea products such as Zhizhi Lvyan tea queen and pure Lvyan tea queen, and a small number of fruit tea products such as Qingti light lemon tea. There are 9 products with caffeine content marked as "red light", accounting for 25%, including American coffee drinks, lattes and some light milk tea products. The caffeine content of "red light" drinks is mostly within 125mg/ cup, and the highest caffeine content is 175.5mg/ cup.

　　In addition to helping consumers clearly understand the caffeine content of drinks through the "traffic light", Xicha also provides guidance on the recommended drinking time of each drink according to the principle of caffeine metabolism in human body and related research.Products with caffeine content marked as "red light" are recommended to be drunk before afternoon; "Yellow light" products are recommended to be drunk before evening; "Green light" products can be easily enjoyed anytime and anywhere; The two "0 Caffeine" products can be drunk even at night.

　　That is to say, consumers who are afraid of insomnia and are prone to insomnia should "brake" when they encounter "red light" products at night; When you encounter a "green light" product, you can "walk freely" without fear.

　　This drinking time guide is similar to the "milk tea insomnia list" made by netizens spontaneously, but the evaluation by netizens is subjective, because everyone’s physical condition and caffeine tolerance are very different, which leads to the evaluation list made from this. It can’t really and objectively feedback the actual caffeine content of drinks. However, the "Caffeine Traffic Light" logo and the suggested drinking time guide on the line after the evaluation by authoritative organizations are more objective, simple and clear, and the applicability is more universal, which reduces the difficulty for consumers to identify and choose caffeine drinks.

The Secret of Caffeine in Milk Tea

Tea becomes high-frequency consumer goods

Consumers are prone to excessive caffeine intake.

　　On the daily intake of caffeine, at present, the Chinese government has not issued the recommended standard, nor has it issued relevant laws and regulations on the labeling of caffeine content in freshly made tea.

　　In the international market, the recommended intake of caffeine is 300-400mg per day for adults. According to the Scientific Opinions on Caffeine Safety issued by the European Bureau in May 2015, the daily caffeine intake of children is below 3mg/kg, that of pregnant/lactating women is below 200mg, and that of adults (non-pregnant women) is below 400mg. A single intake of 200mg or less will generally not bring safety problems to healthy adults; The US Food and Drug Administration suggested that the intake of 400mg of caffeine for healthy adults is safe, but advised pregnant women to "try not to eat or eat less caffeinated foods and drugs".

　　Excessive caffeine intake does have an impact on the human body. Ceng Ting, an attending physician in the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, said that excessive caffeine intake will induce symptoms such as accelerated heart rate and palpitations, and it will also have a certain impact on the nervous system. It may also extend the time required to fall asleep; Long-term excessive intake can also cause an increase in blood pressure and blood sugar. Many studies have shown that it is relatively safe for most adults to consume less than 400 mg of caffeine a day, while those who are lighter or special people should choose according to their adaptability. For example, people with caffeine intolerance, pregnant women, menstruating women, children, patients with gastric ulcer/gastritis, etc., should consume less products containing caffeine.

　　However, with the increasing frequency of tea consumption, people’s caffeine intake may increase unconsciously. Last year, the research teams of Tsinghua University and Central University of Finance and Economics conducted a survey on 5,281 college students in Beijing. The results showed that 21.3% of the respondents drank 1 cup of milk tea per week, 21.3% drank 2-3 cups of milk tea per week and 20.6% drank 4-6 cups per week. Along with the high frequency of milk tea consumption, the discussion about "drinking milk tea for insomnia and palpitations" has also become a hot topic many times.

　　Research on Tsinghua University and Central University of Finance and Economics

　　In order to avoid drinking milk tea for a while and regretting after drinking milk tea, it is particularly important to master the specific caffeine content of each drink and take caffeine scientifically and reasonably to avoid its damage to the body, especially to sleep. Previously, Ding Guanghong, a representative of the National People’s Congress, had proposed grading the caffeine content in beverages. For prepackaged and bottled beverages, caffeine content should be added to the nutritional composition list of bottled beverages containing caffeine, and beverages with caffeine content exceeding 40mg should be marked; For take-away street drinking shops, caffeine labels can be affixed to menus and take-away cups.

　　Considering the universal tolerance of Chinese people to caffeine and the frequency of drinking, Xicha marked the caffeine content of its drinks, and classified drinks with a content greater than 100mg as "red light" drinks, which brought stricter standards. At the same time, under the psychological demand that consumers are generally afraid of insomnia when drinking milk tea, Xicha further provides guidance on the recommended drinking time of each drink according to the principle of caffeine metabolism in human body.

　　This is undoubtedly a pioneering move in the domestic tea industry. In this regard, Kai Zhong, director of Kexin Food and Health Information Exchange Center, believes that there is no mandatory labeling requirement for caffeine in existing drinks in China at present, and it is worthy of recognition that enterprises are willing to take the initiative to label it, which will not only improve consumers’ right to know, but also help them to arrange their diet and consumption rationally.

The Secret of Caffeine in Milk Tea

Visualization, health and standardization

Xicha promotes the continuous upgrading of tea industry.

　　With the gradual popularization of health concept and the rise of health awareness, consumers are now paying more and more attention to the ingredient list and ingredients of tea. As one of the head brands of new tea, hi-tea dares to be the first and has made many pioneering moves in promoting the health, transparency and standardization of drinks.

　　In October, 2023, Xicha disclosed the formula raw materials, nutritional components and traceability information of the products on sale, and simultaneously announced the main nutritional components of the drinks on sale, including calories, protein, trans fatty acids, fats, carbohydrates, etc. After that, "formula disclosure" has become a "standard" for all products of Xicha.

　　At present, there is no mandatory regulation on the labeling of ready-made and ready-to-sell foods in China. Judging from the existing policies and regulations, whether or not to disclose the formula information depends more on the new tea brand’s own considerations, and the extent to which the formula information is disclosed still depends mainly on the independent decision of the enterprise. Under the leading role of Xicha, other brands in the industry have followed suit.

　　On the basis of product transparency, Xicha continues to improve product quality and promote healthy drinks. In March of this year, Xicha and Pamela, a global top-stream fitness blogger, launched a series of products with "light burden recommendation". After that, Xicha also launched an all-round sugar control action. Since May 2024, Xicha has gradually launched a free "true zero calorie sugar" for fruit tea products, and launched a "+slow sugar succulent grape" made of low GI sugar raw materials, bringing more healthy product choices to consumers.

　　In July, 2024, Xicha also issued the enterprise standard of "Fresh Tea Drinks" based on "four truths and seven zeros". "Four truths and seven zeros" means that the fresh tea must be made of "real tea, real milk, real fruit and real sugar", and the products meet the requirements of "0 creamer, 0 essence, 0 fructose syrup, 0 non-dairy creamer and 0 hydrogenated vegetable oil.

　　Compared with other head tea brands, this standard is more detailed and strict, and it is called the strictest healthy tea standard in the industry. In this regard, some insiders pointed out that the standard of hi-tea has the role of a weather vane, which will drive other tea brands to gradually follow up and help promote the upgrading and development of the tea industry.

　　The latest caffeine "traffic light" grading label and drinking time guide are another pioneering move of tea-loving. Xicha hopes that through the active disclosure of its own product formula, it will bring consumers clearer tea drinking guidelines, continuously promote the healthy upgrading and iteration of products, and continuously promote the healthy level of tea products.

　　Text/Zhan Danqing

Original user research group 42 Hao garage

After the release of Ideal L6, we conducted a questionnaire survey for Dading car owners. The following is the core analysis result of this survey.

Research channel: the ideal L6 car owner group of No.42 garage.

Sample size: 100 valid samples

01 portrait of car users

The geographical distribution of the ideal L6 user group is extremely extensive, especially in Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces in China, where the total number of users accounts for more than 50% of the total user base. In terms of educational level, this user group shows a high educational background, among which more than 85% users have bachelor degree or above. In the professional field, users are mainly concentrated in IT, communication, electronics and Internet industries, accounting for more than 40%.

The average age of the respondents is 29 years old, of which 37% are young people aged 26 to 30, while 40% are mature people aged 31 to 40. In terms of family composition, more than half of the respondents (55.6%) are married, and the one-child family accounts for 74.3%. In these families, children’s education stages are relatively evenly distributed, with preschool children accounting for 42.3% and primary school students accounting for 46.1%.

02 car ownership and car purchase

In the analysis of users’ car buying behavior, we found that the vast majority of car buyers are buying cars for the first time. The data shows that 77.8% of users choose the ideal L6 as their first car. In addition, 14.3% of users bought more, while the proportion of users who exchanged for purchases was relatively small, accounting for only 7.9%.

In terms of car purchase version, Pro version is very popular because of its cost performance, with the highest user selection rate, accounting for 73%. In contrast, although the Max version has been upgraded in configuration, including adding high-end functions such as lidar, refrigerator and platinum audio, the price has also increased by 30,000 yuan, so the proportion of users who choose the Max version is relatively low, accounting for only 27%.

03 car purchase decision

The purchase motivation of the ideal L6 large-scale users mainly comes from its versatility, which not only meets the daily commuting needs of young family users, but also takes into account the diversified needs of leisure, weekend holidays and workplaces. The market positioning of the ideal L6 accurately captures the core needs of this group of people-to achieve seamless switching between work and leisure.

Most big car owners have a car purchase budget of 260,000-300,000, accounting for 49.21%, followed by a budget of 210,000-250,000, which accounts for 22.22%, while the ideal price range of L6 is 249,800-279,800 yuan, which just fits this group of people.

Among the ideal L6 car owners, the main comparison is the ideal L7, which accounts for 53.97%, and the alternative rate of the ideal L7 reaches 36.51% without the ideal L6.

And the asking world is also worthy of being an ideal direct competing product. Among the compared models, the asking world M5 and the asking world M7 account for 39.68% and 38.1% respectively, followed by the Tesla Model Y, which accounts for 36.51%. Last year, the global SUV sales ranked first and became the main comparison model for everyone.

In the absence of the ideal L6, the ideal L7 and Tesla Model Y became the first choice for the vast majority of respondents. The M5 and M7 are also among the potential alternatives, and the M5 has a slightly higher alternative rate, which shows that these models are quite attractive to consumers. It is particularly noteworthy that the candidate rate of BYD Tang DM-i is the same as that of Q M7, indicating that it also has a place among potential car buyers. In addition, 3.31% of the respondents said that if L6 is not released, there will be no car purchase plan in the short term.

In the aspect of car purchase decision, the respondents expressed their approval of the ideal L6, with 54% of the users of Dading saying that they "struggled for a while, but decided quickly", followed by 23.8% of users who "struggled for a while, mainly comparing with other competing products", and even 17.5% of users decided directly without hesitation, and few users waited for feedback from the first batch of car owners, which was laid before the ideal L789.

Intelligent cockpit plays a central role in the development of smart cars, which is clearly reflected in the survey. The preference rate of respondents for intelligent cockpit is as high as 58.73%. Intuitive factors such as appearance design, space configuration and interior design, together with intelligent driving technology, have obtained a high selection rate. As a key indicator of electric vehicles, cruising range has reached 34.92%. In addition, the ideal extended journey has also become an important factor to attract consumers.

However, policy and use cost do not seem to be the main considerations of the respondents, which indicates that these factors have a low weight in car purchase decision. Although safety and product quality are important, the selection rate is only 23.81%, which may reflect that consumers are more inclined to pay attention to those configurations and functions that are intuitive and can be experienced immediately when buying a car.

Ideal L6 successfully attracted the attention of potential buyers by exposing the appearance and interior of the vehicle before listing. According to the survey, the respondents showed great interest in the exterior design and interior design of the ideal L6, with 57.1% and 55.6% of the respondents paying special attention to these two aspects respectively. This shows that the ideal L6 has achieved remarkable market recognition in the field of design.

In addition, space and smart cockpit are also the focus of users’ attention, although these aspects are slightly less concerned than exterior design and interior design. These data points reveal that consumers pay attention not only to aesthetics, but also to practicality and technological characteristics in vehicle selection.

Among the respondents, 15.9% users said that there were compromises or dissatisfaction, mainly focusing on the lack of air suspension, higher prices than expected, and back seat massage.

04 brand perception

In the evaluation of the ideal brand, respondents generally believe that "intelligence", "technology" and "comfort" are the most prominent characteristics of the brand. Although some users’ impressions of the ideal brand include negative words such as "marketing" and "a little big", on the whole, the positive evaluation of the ideal brand by Dading car owners is obviously dominant. This shows that the image of the ideal brand in the eyes of users is mainly influenced by its product intelligence, sense of science and technology and comfort.

The car owners of the ideal L6 generally gave positive comments on it, and they generally thought that the car performed well in terms of appearance design, comfort, practicality, intelligent function and cost performance. These positive feedbacks reflect that the overall satisfaction of car owners with the ideal L6 is quite high.

Produced by garage 42 user research group

　

People’s Daily Online, Kunming, July 23 (Hao Cheng) "In the more than 20 years since my son was lost, I have been thinking about him day and night, and I have never slept well, for fear that he will be used by bad people." Villi (pseudonym), who has been searching hard for 23 years, said with tears.

"Reunion Action Helps Reunion of Relatives Separated for 23 Years" was held recently in the conference room of Criminal Investigation Detachment of Kunming Public Security Bureau, Yunnan Province. Villi and his son who had been separated for many years recognized each other.

For Li Hui, the day 23 years ago was the most heartbreaking "nightmare" in her life. On the afternoon of April 5, 1998, she was selling vegetables near Xinqiao River in Dongchuan District, Kunming City. Her husband was playing cards, while her 2-and-a-half-year-old son Tang Zuyong was playing with her 6-year-old sister. After a while, Tang Zuyong took 50 cents from his father’s pocket and went to the park with his sister to buy popsicles. Later, the brother and sister played hide and seek. For a long time, my sister didn’t wait for her younger brother. She cried and went to find her parents, and her younger brother disappeared. After the family and the public security organs tried to find it, there was still no news.

"I feel that my world has collapsed!" Villi said that his son is his "pet" and he doesn’t even want to live without him.

This incident made the family unable to calm down. Three years later, Villi separated from her husband and went to Kunming alone, selling vegetables to make a living and looking for her son everywhere.

I didn’t expect this search to last for more than 20 years. Li Hui couldn’t remember how many posters were posted. She only knew that since then, as long as she saw the news that a lost child was broken by a bad guy and was instructed to beg in the street, she would be anxious.

On April 5, 1998, Dongchuan police immediately launched a dragnet investigation and search after receiving the alarm. However, in those days, information and communication were blocked and the means of investigation were limited. After many efforts, they still failed to find clues about Villi’s son.

In January 2021, the Ministry of Public Security deployed public security organs across the country to carry out a "reunion" campaign with the main contents of detecting the accumulated cases of child trafficking, arresting criminal suspects of child trafficking and looking for missing and abducted children. The Dongchuan District Public Security Bureau comprehensively sorted out and carefully checked every clue to supplement and improve the blood sample collection of the families of missing persons in Dongchuan District.

Everything comes to him who waits. In February this year, the "Reunion Special Class" of the Criminal Investigation Detachment of Kunming Public Security Bureau found the suspected long-lost son of Chea Chang (pseudonym) in Dongguan, Guangdong Province from the "Reunion System" of the Ministry of Public Security through DNA comparison. The police in the two places re-collected and rechecked the blood samples and reported them to the "reunion expert group" of the Ministry of Public Security, confirming that the two sides are mother-child relations.

At the scene of recognizing relatives, Villi was very pleased to see that the little boy in his former arms had grown into a man with indomitable spirit.

In the face of unfamiliar faces, Chea Chang (a pseudonym) hesitated. After listening to the tearful stories of his mother and sister, and then listening to the briefing of the police, he hugged his family.

"In May of this year, my adoptive parents told me that I was not their own." Chea Chang said that now, knowing the truth, it is not easy for him to see his own mother and sister again. Next, he will arrange his time reasonably and often come back to visit his own mother and sister.

We hope that from strangers to listening and talking, the family relationship will gradually approach.

　　Domestic gasoline and diesel prices have fully entered the "5 yuan era". On March 20th, employees of a gas station in Xinle City, Hebei Province were refueling. Photo by Jia Minjie (Zhongjing Vision)

　　Influenced by multiple negative factors, international oil prices have plunged in succession in the past half month. The production of shale oil and gas companies with no financing is unsustainable and will usher in a wave of bankruptcy. The imbalance between supply and demand in the market will accelerate the shift of the focus of the international energy map, from the previous supply-side leading to the demand-side leading, that is, the international crude oil market will be transformed from the seller’s market to the buyer’s market.

　　Influenced by multiple negative factors, international oil prices have plunged in succession in the past half month. On March 18th, the New York Mercantile Exchange light crude oil futures for April delivery closed at $20.37 per barrel, while London Brent crude oil futures for May delivery closed at $24.88 per barrel. Compared with the beginning of this year, the prices of West Texas Intermediate crude oil and Brent crude oil both fell by more than 60%. The sharp drop in international oil prices may reshape the international energy landscape and accelerate the restructuring of the international energy landscape.

　　The imbalance between supply and demand of crude oil has intensified.

　　Nowadays, the basic balance between supply and demand to maintain the trend of international oil prices has been broken.

　　Look at the demand first. The COVID-19 epidemic has spread around the world, and many countries and regions have taken "hard core" measures to prevent and control it. A large number of international flights have been grounded, enterprises have stopped production, and global economic activities have slowed down significantly, which has seriously impacted the global oil demand. Analysts of Lyestad Energy Company lamented that the demand for aviation kerosene, gasoline, shipping oil, petrochemical products and power generation oil plummeted at the same time this year, "this is a rare bleak scene".

　　Bank of America predicts that global oil consumption will shrink to more than 500,000 barrels per day in the first half of this year. If the epidemic situation is not controlled, the shrinking demand may continue into the second half of this year. The head of global commodity research at Goldman Sachs Group pessimistically predicted that oil consumption would drop by 8 million barrels per day. The same view is held by Citibank, which predicts that the global oil demand will decrease by 4 million barrels per day in 2020, a record, and the oil demand in the second quarter will shrink to 11 million barrels per day.

　　Look at the supply. On March 6th, after the OPEC+Ministerial Meeting’s talks on production reduction broke down, Saudi Arabia announced that it would start to increase production substantially, and planned to increase production to 12 million barrels to 12.5 million barrels per day. Russia plans to increase production to 11 million barrels to 11.5 million barrels per day. In order to seize market share, Iraq, Nigeria, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and other countries have also announced to join the army of increasing production.

　　On the one hand, demand has shrunk dramatically, on the other hand, supply has increased dramatically, the relationship between supply and demand has been completely unbalanced, and international oil prices have been diving. Many institutions predict that if the surplus crude oil cannot find a way out, the oil price may drop below $20 per barrel.

　　The imbalance between supply and demand in the market will accelerate the shift of the focus of the international energy map, from the previous supply-side leading to the demand-side leading, that is, the international crude oil market will be transformed from the seller’s market to the buyer’s market. Faced with sufficient market supply, major oil importing countries have a greater say. In recent years, the new map of global energy has gradually become clear, and the global consumption increase of oil and gas resources mainly comes from Asian countries such as China, Indian, Japanese and Korean. This round of falling oil prices will prompt emerging economies to play an increasingly important role in the global energy market.

　　Shale enterprises will be affected.

　　The international oil price plummeted, and those high-cost oil producers were the first to be injured, and shale oil and gas enterprises, especially those with small scale and high debt ratio, were the first to bear the brunt. It is estimated that at the current oil price, most shale oil wells drilled in the United States will be unprofitable. Elacott, senior vice president of Wood Mackenzie, an energy consulting company, believes that falling oil prices may trigger a new round of deep adjustment in the industry.

　　It is estimated that the production cost of most American oil and gas enterprises is above $50 per barrel. When the oil price drops to $30/barrel, only a few companies, such as ExxonMobil, Chevron and Western Petroleum, can continue to drill new wells to make profits, and the rest will all lose money. Different from traditional oil and gas, shale enterprises must constantly drill new wells to maintain production, which requires constant additional investment. To this end, a large number of shale oil companies have to raise funds by issuing bonds. Nowadays, the sharp drop in international oil prices has affected investors’ expected returns and spending plans, making it difficult for shale companies to raise funds. Small and medium-sized oil companies in the United States have begun to cut their investments, such as Apache, which has cut 37%, and Devon Energy, which has cut 30%.

　　Fitch Ratings, a rating agency, predicts that from 2020 to 2022, American shale oil and gas companies will have debts of nearly $200 billion due soon. Due to the sharp drop in oil prices, their debt ratings are close to "junk bonds", and the financing costs of shale oil and gas companies will rise sharply. The production of shale companies with no financing is unsustainable, and will usher in a wave of bankruptcy and become the first batch of "killed" enterprises. Norway’s Ruizide Consulting Company predicts that the crude oil production capacity of American shale companies facing bankruptcy this year will reach 2 million barrels per day. During the low oil price period from 2014 to 2016, dozens of shale enterprises in the United States went bankrupt.

　　Some analysts believe that the exit of American shale companies is exactly what Russia and Saudi Arabia want. The talks between Saudi Arabia and Russia collapsed at the OPEC+Energy Ministers’ Meeting in Vienna, and they failed to reach an agreement on reducing production and insuring prices, and then they started a price war. The main reason was that American shale companies squeezed their market share. "Kill one thousand enemies and lose eight hundred." By suppressing American companies in the form of price wars, Saudi Arabia and Russia have paid a great price and suffered great losses. Oil revenue of oil-producing countries depends on oil price and output. Now that the oil price is halved, the output must be doubled before the two phases can be even.

　　Besides, oil production in Russia and Saudi Arabia also faces cost constraints. Compared with American shale companies, Russia has a good resource endowment and its oil production cost is relatively low. Developed oilfield infrastructure and efficient railways and pipelines enable Russian oil giants to operate at a lower cost. According to estimates, Russian oil companies can bear the low oil price of $15/barrel. In other words, before the oil price drops to $15 to $20 per barrel, Russian energy companies can continue to maintain production, but their profits have shrunk dramatically.

　　For Saudi Arabia, the cost of oil exploitation is lower, less than $3 per barrel. However, in order to maintain the normal operation of the national economy, other costs attached to oil prices are quite high. Saudi Arabia’s national finance mainly relies on oil revenue to maintain the government’s fiscal balance, so it usually needs a high oil price of $80/barrel to support it. Saudi Arabia’s current account is very sensitive to oil price fluctuations, and it is difficult to withstand long-term price wars.

　　Overall beneficial to economic development

　　The sharp drop in international oil prices is indeed a big plus for China as a whole. As the largest net oil importer, the price of crude oil has fallen sharply, which is conducive to China’s significant reduction in crude oil import expenses.

　　Last year, China imported more than 500 million tons of crude oil, with a daily average of 10 million barrels, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year, and the import expenditure was about 166.3 billion US dollars. Now, falling oil prices will save China a lot of money and increase its current account surplus. Ordinary people have already felt the benefits of low oil prices. Recently, China’s refined oil prices have been lowered into the "5 yuan era", and motorists can fill up a tank of oil with less money. As the blood of modern economy, the decline in energy prices is conducive to reducing transportation costs, stabilizing prices, lowering the high CPI index, and providing more space for China’s macroeconomic regulation and control.

　　On international occasions, the decline in international oil prices is also conducive to China’s expansion of "oil diplomacy" space and provides opportunities for the development of "PetroRMB". Yujun Feng, vice president of the Institute of International Studies of Fudan University, believes that when the international oil market is oversupply and the price is low, China can learn from the experience of the European Union, and modify the clauses in the natural gas trade agreements with Russia, Turkmenistan and Myanmar that are linked to oil prices and pay according to demand, so as to safeguard our interests to the maximum extent. At the moment when "the market is king", major oil and gas producers are eager to compete for China’s market share. China can further increase the diversification of oil and gas imports and urge relevant energy suppliers to provide me with more favorable export prices and other conditions. When the international oil price falls into the era of low price, the "Petrodollar" in the financial market will drop sharply, and the oil transaction will tilt towards the buyer’s market, which is conducive to the internationalization of RMB and provides a rare opportunity for the rise of "PetroRMB".

　　However, the sharp drop in international oil prices will also bring a wave of impact to China’s energy industry. China is also a big oil producer, with an oil output of 190 million tons last year. Low oil prices will make domestic oil fields fall into losses and bring cold winter to local oil producers. Chinese-funded enterprises’ overseas oilfield investment will also be adversely affected.

　　The impact on the new energy industry should not be underestimated. Compared with the oil price of $30/barrel, new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy will be less competitive in the power generation market, which is directly related to the survival of a large number of new energy enterprises and affects the healthy development of the national new energy industry. The spillover effect of low oil prices will also affect new energy vehicles. A joint study by the University of Chicago and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology shows that before the breakthrough of battery technology, the oil price of $50/barrel will make the development of electric vehicles difficult. Today’s oil price of less than $30/barrel will undoubtedly affect the development of new energy vehicles.

　　The film Chinese Doctors made its first public release in Wuhan, the "City of Heroes" &mdash; &mdash; On July 4th, the film held a grand premiere in Wuhan Hongshan Auditorium, which was the first time that starring Zhang Hanyu watched the film on the big screen. He was nervous and uneasy before the screening, because Zhang Dingyu, the prototype he played and the former president of Jinyintan Hospital, was sitting next to him. After the movie, Dean Zhang Dingyu said "thank you" to Zhang Hanyu, which made "tough guy" Zhang Hanyu burst into tears instantly.

　　Chinese Doctors was released on July 9th, and its box office has exceeded 300 million. After The Captain, Zhang Hanyu once again played the role of people’s hero in Chinese Doctors. Zhang Hanyu was glad that he and Dean Zhang Dingyu had a fate: "We were both born in December 1963, and I was three days older than him. During the epidemic, I saw the deeds of Dean Zhang Dingyu and was moved by him. As a result, the film actually found me to play him, which is really a great honor. "

　　preparatory work/be about to work

　　I went to Jinyintan Hospital the next day.

　　In order to shape Dean Zhang Dingyu, Zhang Hanyu has done a lot of preparatory work. The first thing is to observe the work and life of Dean Zhang. When Zhang Dingyu came to Beijing for a meeting, Zhang Hanyu met the Dean and had an intuitive initial impression. Chinese Doctors was turned on on October 1, 2020, and Zhang Hanyu went to Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital the next day and lived with Dean Zhang Dingyu for several days. "Jinyintan Hospital is an infectious disease hospital. We will go to wards such as AIDS and tuberculosis with Dean Zhang Dingyu. Dean Zhang walked a lot of wards from 9: 00 a.m. to 12: 00 a.m. that day, and his work was very meticulous, which reflected some work that a practical dean should do, and I captured it, which played a great role in my later role. "

　　Dean Zhang is suffering from frostbite. However, Zhang Hanyu said that he deliberately took it back during the performance, without too much emphasis on the inconvenience of his legs: "I think it’s enough to catch a general state of him, and there is no need to enlarge it. Dean Zhang is a very strong man. I have been in contact with him for a few days, and I feel that he has the personality of Wuhan people and is very straightforward. Although his legs are inconvenient and he knows that he has gradual freezing, he is still optimistic and upward. He wants to do a good job in Jinyintan Hospital, and he wants to take people from this hospital with him. He is a real tough guy, a dean with a tough appearance and a strong heart. "

　　True reduction

　　Scene 1:1 Building

　　Professional medical workers give guidance.

　　Since its release, Chinese Doctors has been recognized by the medical staff who participated in the fight against the epidemic, and praised the true restoration and details of the film. Ran Xiao, the film consultant and deputy director of the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of tongji hospital Sino-French New Town affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, who has personally fought against the COVID-19 epidemic, also praised the film for contributing to a "textbook-level medical drama".

　　Zhang Hanyu said that truth is the goal pursued by the master, and all the scenes in the film, such as ICU ward, hospital corridor and hall, were built in strict accordance with the hospital standard of 1:1. All medical equipment such as ventilators and defibrillators are real. "We have dozens of professional medical workers to guide and grasp the professionalism of medical care. This is a very professional film and can’t be fooled, so the requirements in this respect are relatively high. "

　　Compared with other actors who wear protective clothing all day, Zhang Hanyu said that he doesn’t wear much, because the dean has to be busy with things outside. "I have worn it several times, and the time is not particularly long, sometimes half a day. As long as you wear it for half an hour or an hour, your face will be covered with marks. I thought, it is really not easy for these real doctors and nurses to wear them for seven or eight hours a day. "

　　Role reproduction

　　Not in front of Dean Zhang Dingyu, make a fool of oneself.

　　Zhang Hanyu said that Chinese Doctors is a realistic film with Dean Zhang Dingyu beside him. When filming in Jinyintan Hospital, the dean came to visit our class. If you are not real in it, and what you said is not what Dean Zhang would say, it would be too make a fool of oneself and embarrassing. "So, the lines are basically not memorized, and many of them are added temporarily by me. Grasp the basic speaking speed of the resident, so I feel closer to the dean. "

　　Zhang Hanyu thinks that it is very important for directors, screenwriters and actors to "believe" whether a role is successful or not. "You have to believe 100%. If you are skeptical, you don’t believe in it at all, or you don’t seem to care about it, then you can’t write the play, you can’t play it well, and you can’t shoot it well, that’s for sure."

　　What makes Zhang Hanyu passionate about performing is that he was moved by the story of Dean Zhang Dingyu before he took over the performance. "I am particularly moved, especially convinced, and I can understand the feelings of Dean Zhang Dingyu as a patient with gradual freezing. He is eager to do more things in the limited time that he can live like a normal person, and he really fulfills this. He is actually the dean of a very ordinary small hospital. He is an ordinary person who can no longer be ordinary. But what he does is not a slogan. He is fulfilling the duties that a communist party member should perform and a responsible dean. "

　　Take the initiative to play in Chinese Doctors’s protective clothing is a battle suit.

　　Yolanda said: "How to play a play that only shows the eyes?"

　　In the movie Chinese Doctors being shown, Yolanda’s performance is quite recognized. She seems to be playing a female general, merciful and firm, caring for a pure land and fighting death. And Yolanda also said that when she played Wen Ting, director of the Department of Critical Care Medicine, it was as if she was on the battlefield, and protective clothing was her battle suit. When she put it on, she could quickly enter the state.

　　Before seeing Chinese Doctors’s script, Yolanda decided to star in this film. "I think this is a play that can’t be rejected. Its value exceeds the film itself, so I took the initiative to fight."

　　After filming this film, Yolanda was deeply touched. She felt that the medical staff’s rescue of the wounded and dying in reality required both high-difficulty professionalism and strong inner belief. As an actor, she could only try her best to approach this realm, but she could not reach it. Therefore, what she wants to say most after filming this play is: "Medical workers are really great."

　　The characters represented the backbone of the whole medical field.

　　Yolanda thinks that Wen Ting, director of the Department of Critical Care Medicine, represents the backbone of the whole medical field. "They have psychological qualities that ordinary people don’t have. This is what I have always wanted to experience in the whole film shooting, and I feel that it is far from perfect. They have the calmness and calmness when they are in danger, and they have accumulated professional experience and judgment for many years. They don’t bring personal emotions to work, as long as they wear white coats, it is a professional state. In this movie, they occasionally have a little emotional expression, which is also very real. "

　　In order to ensure the professionalism of the film, the Chinese Doctors crew invited a number of medical consultants. When meeting them for the first time, Yolanda said that these doctors and nurses have a particularly firm strength and are particularly optimistic. "We asked them how they experienced it at that time, and their answer was particularly simple, saying &lsquo; I just carried it &rsquo; . You believe in the power of professionalism, and then try your best to arrange and care for every patient you receive. At that time, you can’t think of anything else in your mind. This is professionalism. "

　　The more you invest, the more you admire the stability of medical staff.

　　Regarding the belief held by medical workers, Yolanda admits that he didn’t find it until the end of filming: "Chinese Doctors is probably the most uncertain work I have ever filmed, and every time I shoot a scene, I feel a little trance. The more you know about the feeling, the more you can feel that it is uncontrollable. Some medical drama shows that doctors can accurately grasp the patient’s condition and save lives, which will make you feel that the medical staff are very handsome. However, in the process of filming this play, I feel that every step they take is on thin ice, and their handsome appearance is a very professional presentation. I have been trying to get close to this state throughout the play, but it is too difficult. "

　　Yolanda revealed, "The epidemic situation is a completely sudden situation for most medical staff. Every operation they face, every patient, is calm after inner chaos. "

　　Yolanda tried to find a sense of stability in the uncontrollable panic, and the more she devoted herself to it, the more she admired the stability of medical staff. "A mature medical staff, after more than ten years or decades of professional study and years of clinical experience, really can’t be mastered by an actor in a few months or six months. From The Captain to Chinese Doctors, my feeling is that you will feel that every profession is sacred and it is difficult to enter in a short time. It takes others to spend most of his life to achieve his achievements and position in this profession, and it takes a long time to accumulate. Therefore, now I am awed when I go anywhere to see people from different professions. This may be a particularly rare experience as an actor. "

　　Protective clothing is the "channel" for entering the show.

　　Yolanda spent a lot of time wearing protective clothing in the film. She said that she didn’t count how long she wore it every day. "Every day, she put it on when shooting, and she can’t take it off during the break because she has to wait. Sometimes I don’t want to change clothes when I am at rest, because it is comfortable to change clothes. If you feel comfortable, you may feel wrong, so you will continue to wear it. "

　　For Yolanda, protective clothing is the "channel" for her to enter the play. When she wears it, she will have the state of the play: "I don’t feel anything, because it’s like a war. That’s why I feel like I’m close to a real doctor every time I shoot a surgical scene. Because it’s like going to war in a shirt. We are the same when shooting, often with a long lens. "

　　When she entered that state, Yolanda said that she couldn’t feel fatigue or other emotions. There was something wrong with the ligament of Yolanda’s leg itself. She didn’t feel pain at all when filming, but she felt better. However, after filming one morning and taking an hour off, the pain came back. So, Yolanda felt that doctors at that time were the same. They wouldn’t have time and energy to pay attention to themselves, and the fatigue seemed to disappear.

　　She revealed: "There are really doctors who haven’t closed their eyes for 36 hours, that is, one case after another. What kind of physical strength and energy do you think it needs?" Therefore, if you wear protective clothing for 8 hours, you will certainly feel tired, so the director shouted &lsquo; Stop &rsquo; Sometimes, you will feel as if you might need a fulcrum to catch your breath. But say &lsquo; Come again &rsquo; When shooting, I forgot it in an instant. I think it was the same when they went to save patients in clinic. There is a feeling of being desperate. "

　　Yolanda’s proficiency in wearing protective clothing was praised by everyone, but she said that she could not reach the professional level. "Their speed is fast, because when taking off protective clothing, you should avoid the contaminated surface and pay great attention to those details. We’re actually not that skilled. Moreover, our filming will not be as thorough as the real situation, because it is too troublesome. Every time we complete a step, we must do a hand disinfection. "

　　tell about

　　"Control your eyes, just hold your horses."

　　The actors in Chinese Doctors only show their eyes most of the time and can only use their eyes to convey their emotions. Other actors in the crew say that Yolanda is the least difficult because her eyes are all drama.

　　Yuan Quanxiao said that it may be an advantage for others to have big eyes, but in her own view, it is necessary to control more and control emotions. "Because in the profession of doctors, sometimes your personal emotions cannot be revealed too much. For me, this anti-control is actually a difficult problem. Control your eyes and let them try not to reveal their emotions. "

　　How to do it without revealing emotions? Yolanda said that his way is to always tell himself not to panic. "But it is impossible to panic, so I have been telling myself in this play: just hold your horses and don’t panic."

　　From the first day of joining the group, Yolanda let himself put aside all the so-called acting experience in the past, because Chinese Doctors told what really happened. "What we saw in the hospital was not performative. It doesn’t need you to be radiant anytime and anywhere, because the focus is not here. Especially in the epidemic, people may experience more anxiety, fatigue, despair and collapse caused by physical overdraft, and then rebuild their confidence. "

　　Yolanda thought the performance felt like a tree. "The surface of the tree is rough, which will make your hands wear out, but its roots are deep. Therefore, I feel that I don’t want to make up in details, and my hair can’t be too neat, because Director Wen Ting has no time, and her energy is all about saving people. "

　　Always wearing a mask, with a lot of marks on his face, wearing protective clothing for a long time, and sometimes taking an operation and getting soaked, this state makes Yolanda feel that he is entering the role: "Compared with the medical staff who really fight the epidemic, you certainly can’t reach their state, but you also seem to feel that when you are exhausted, you seem to be a little closer to them. In this play, any sense of comfort does not match the role. " This edition/reporter Xiao Yang co-ordinates/Man Yi

A few days ago, the 2021 Skyworth EV6 added two new models, 620 Happy Edition and 620 Travel Edition, the official guide price is 171,800 yuan and 190,800 yuan respectively. The two models are the same as the 410/520 Happy Edition and Travel Edition models in configuration, only the battery life has increased, and the comprehensive battery life of CLTC working conditions is 620km.

The 2021 Skyworth EV6 adopts a middle net design, with a straight roof line and a through waist line design. The side of the body is very smooth, and the wheel hub adopts a multi-spoke shape, which looks more delicate. In terms of size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4698/1908/1696mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2800mm.

In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a motor with a maximum power of 150kW and a peak torque of 320N · m; under CLTC conditions, the 85.97kWh battery pack provides a range of 620km.

The new car is equipped with a full LCD instrument panel, a floating central control screen, a three-spoke multi-function steering wheel and a knob-type electronic stopper, with a relatively simple style.

2022 Skyworth EV6, has opened the pre-sale, the new light water blue color scheme, a total of three models, the pre-sale price is 199,800 yuan for the standard version, 225,800 yuan for the smart version, and 272,800 yuan for the PRO version.

The 2022 Skyworth EV6 is equipped with The first wire-controlled chassis in the country , adopt 40% lower EHB (Intelligent electric booster), efficient recovery of braking energy, can increase the mileage in urban conditions by about 30% when the brake pedal is smooth, with multi-stage braking backup. 85.97KWh high energy storage battery pack This gives the car a CLTC range of 620km.

Middle-aged people tend to be more interested in sedate models. The atmospheric design and exquisite interior are the characteristics of such models, which are excellent choices for going to work or picking up children. As a medium and large car, there are many bright spots. Let’s take a look at it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the extreme fox Alpha S. The front of the extreme fox Alpha S looks elegant and avant-garde personality. Then the spirit of the headlight design is adopted, which is quite classy. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4980MM*1960MM*1599MM. The car adopts avant-garde lines, and the side wall presents an elegant design style. With large-size thick-walled tires, the shape is quite cold. In the rear part, the overall shape of the extreme fox Alpha S echoes the front face, and the taillights are very individual and neat.

In terms of interior, the interior looks very young and individual, and the overall design is very individual. The steering wheel of the car is very young and made of genuine leather, showing a sense of atmosphere. From the central control point of view, the car decoration has a fashionable touch-control LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and conforms to the mainstream aesthetics. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a hard-core dashboard, and the information is easy to read and clear. The car adopts imitation leather seats, and the seats are wrapped in place, which further improves the comfort of drivers and passengers.

The polar fox Alpha S is matched with the gearbox, which is 252KW and 370N.m, and the power performance is good.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, interior atmosphere light, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) and other configurations, and the configuration has reached the mainstream level of the same level.

Such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the cost performance is good. As long as you like it, go ahead and buy it.

　　Tell everyone a "cold" news, the strongest cold wave since the winter of this year is coming soon! It is predicted that from November 26th to 30th, the cold wave will sweep across China, and the temperature will plummet in most areas.

　　Speaking of the cold wave, many people have memories dominated by it. As the "strongest" cold air, how "cold" is the cold wave? What is the strongest cold wave in history? The reporter interviewed Ye Dianxiu, a senior engineer under research at the National Climate Center and the chief expert of meteorological services at the China Meteorological Bureau, and asked him once and for all.

　　1. What is the standard of cold wave? Is there a difference between the north and the south of China?

　　Cold wave is a kind of cold air and a kind of disastrous weather. According to the national standard of cold air grade in China (GB/T 20484-2017) formulated in 2017, the cold air activity that makes the daily minimum temperature in a certain place lower than or equal to 8℃ within 24 hours, or lower than or equal to 10℃ within 48 hours, or lower than or equal to 12℃ within 72 hours is called cold wave.

　　2. How strong is the "ability" of cold wave cooling?

　　Monitoring shows that the average cooling rate of each cold wave in most parts of China is above 10℃. The average cold wave cooling rate in most parts of Northeast China, Jianghuai, eastern Jianghan, Jiangnan and southern China, as well as most parts of Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang can reach 12.℃To 14℃, more than 14℃ in most areas of Guangdong and Guangxi.

　　The maximum cooling range of cold waves in Northeast China, most of North China, most of Northwest China, most of Huanghuai, most of Jianghuai, southern Jiangnan and most of Inner Mongolia and Tibet is above 20℃. Among them, the maximum cooling rate in most parts of Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, northwestern Tibet and southwestern Qinghai can reach 25.℃To 30℃, more than 30℃ in some areas; The maximum cooling range of cold wave in Sichuan basin, most of Yunnan and Hainan is below 15℃, and that in other parts of the country is generally below 15℃℃To 20℃.

　　3. How many cold waves occur on average every year in China?

　　In China, cold waves mostly occur in late autumn, winter and early spring. In the past 30 years (1991-2020), cold waves have occurred 5.4 times a year on average in China.

　　Since 1991, the most frequent cold wave occurred in 2021, with 11 times. Followed by 2009, there were 8 times, and the least number of cold waves was in 2017, only 2 times.

　　4. Where did the cold wave affect our country come from?

　　The cold air affecting China can be roughly divided into the following four paths:

　　① Northwest route: Cold air enters China from the White Sea and Barents Sea west of Xindi Island via Siberia and Mongolia in the west.

　　② Northern route: Cold air enters northern Asia from Kara Sea or Novosibirsk Sea east of Xindi Island, and enters China from north to south via Mongolia.

　　③ Western route: Cold air affects eastern China from west to east in Eurasia south of 50 degrees north latitude via Xinjiang.

　　④ Northeast route: Cold air from the Sea of Okhotsk or eastern Siberia affects the northeast of China.

　　more thanPath,The first three paths are more common, while the last path is less frequent and less intense.

　　5. What are the cold waves with large temperature drop in history?

　　According to the monitoring results of cold air process, since 1991, the top five cold waves with comprehensive cold air intensity in China have appeared on November 4-9, 2021, March 11-14, 2006, March 18-22, 1998, February 14-17, 2020 and April 11-17, 2006.

　　Cold waves often bring a wide range of severe cooling, strong winds and snowfall. Taking the cold wave process from November 4 to 9, 2021 as an example, the land area with the temperature drop exceeding 8℃ is 7.709 million square kilometers, accounting for about 80.3% of the national land area. Among them, there are 1.011 million square kilometers whose temperature drop exceeds 16℃.

　　The daily minimum temperature of 172 national meteorological stations in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places reached or exceeded the historical extreme value in early November.

　　The daily precipitation of 151 national weather stations in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shandong and other places exceeded the historical extreme in November. There is obvious snow in many places in the north, and the depth of snow in Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning is more than 40 cm.

The cold wave process cooled downAmplitude forecast chart (26-30 November) Photo courtesy of Central Meteorological Observatory

　　6. Where is the place most favored by the cold wave in China?

　　In China, the frequency of cold wave is characterized by more in the north and less in the south. The areas most favored by cold waves include: Northeast China, western and northern parts of North China, northern and central parts of Northwest China, most of Tibet, Inner Mongolia and other places, with an average annual cold wave frequency of more than 4 times. Among them, there are generally 10 to 15 times in the eastern and northern parts of Northeast China, most of Inner Mongolia and parts of northern Xinjiang, and there are more than 15 times in some areas.

　　7. In cold winter, are there more cold waves than in warm winter?

　　The answer is no.

　　There are obvious differences in judging factors and time periods between cold winter and cold wave, and the annual cumulative cold wave frequency is not necessarily related to cold and warm winter. Cold winter is a kind of climate concept based on the temperature condition of the whole winter, and the basic element of judging cold and warm winter is the average temperature of winter (December to February) for three months. The basic factors to judge the cold wave process are the daily minimum temperature (≤4℃) and the 24-hour (or 48-hour, 72-hour) cooling range (≥8℃, 10℃ or 12℃).

　　Therefore, the number of cold waves in cold winter is not necessarily more than that in warm winter. For example, both 1998 and 2019 were strong warm winters, and the number of cold waves was 6, which was more than that of strong cold winters in 1983 (3 times), 1984 (2 times) and 1985 (2 times).

　　(Author: Zhang Juan Cartography: Fu Lei Editor: Yan Hong)

　　

When many car fans start to understand their models, they can’t help but wonder why many of their models have their own car logos? Indeed, the vast majority of car companies will make their models use a unified car logo to build brand perception, but at this point they are unique!

In fact, nearly 70% of the models in Japan have independently designed logos. The reason is that they place a high degree of emphasis on their own image, so they are willing to spend a lot of effort to design logos that match the models one by one. Without further ado, let’s take a look at the various car logos.

Bullhead car logo

The "bull’s head logo" is the most well-known car logo composed of three ellipses and containing the word Toyota in the logo, and it is also the most widely used car logo under its umbrella. In addition, some people think that the predecessor is a textile factory, so this logo is an abstract design about needle and thread to pay tribute to the predecessor of the company.

Alphabet logo

Some of its hard-core and will use the "TOYOTA" letter logo, such as, Tacoma,, and other models use this logo. They reflect the hard-core temperament of the model through relatively thick and simple car logos!

Phoenix logo

The Phoenix logo is a special car logo, known as "Japan", it is absolute, and it is also a top-level model developed to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of founder Saki. It is worth mentioning that it has always been a royal model in Japan, and its logo is a dazzling golden phoenix. The pattern is hand-carved, and the sense of dignity cannot be added!

(The car: GRMN)

X car logo

The X logo is the exclusive logo of the Japanese version of the car, because the name of the Japanese version is MarkX, and the X logo is tailor-made for it. Such a logo design can reflect the avant-garde and sporty attributes of the model. Many car owners in China have replaced the bull’s head logo of their models with the X logo, and they feel that this logo is more in line with the tone.

Car logo

As the darling of this model, it has always used an exclusive car logo to reflect the distinguished attributes of the model! And the car logo has undergone many evolutions over the past 60 years. The editor believes that the first generation of car logos in 1955 can better reflect the sense of dignity and luxury of the model!

N-shaped car logo

The N logo is the exclusive logo of the NOAH model. Domestic fans may be unfamiliar with this model, but it has a huge sales volume in the Japanese market, so it is very common in Japan.

Car logo

As a high-end model under its umbrella, it naturally also has its own car logo. Its car logo uses abstract alpha letters inlaid in the shield frame, and this car logo is large in size and highly recognizable! And the model has been favored by many business owners and film and television stars, and it needs to increase prices in China for a long time.

Scion logo

Scion is a sub-brand launched in North America that focuses on the young and sports market. The main models of the Scion brand include xA, xB, tC, FR-S, and xD, which are particularly youthful and fashionable.

C logo

The C logo actually belongs to the dual-engine version, and there are also some specific logos of sundial extended models, which reflect the youth and personality of the model. Interestingly, the logos of its brands are somewhat similar to it.

Fielder logo

The Fielder logo is a personalized logo for the Fielder Travel Edition and some niche models. The design of this logo is very simple.

Lightning logo

This car logo is generally called a lightning logo because it resembles a lightning bolt. Old models and sundial models use this personalized car logo.

Eagle logo

The Flying Eagle logo is the exclusive logo of its Harrier model. This model has received a good response in overseas markets. It is positioned between and. It has been confirmed that the new Harrier will be introduced to China, but it is likely that it will be replaced with a bull head logo by then.