Opening speech

In order to implement the spirit and related requirements of the important speech made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the symposium of scientists, and vigorously promote the spirit of scientists, China Optics has opened a column of Interview with Academician since the first issue in 2021.

This column will combine interviews, self-reports and other diversified forms to record the unforgettable stories of academicians in their growth, teaching, scientific research and other experiences, as well as their understanding and thinking on life, science, education and other issues, so as to show the patriotic dedication and innovative and realistic spirit of the older generation of scientists.

Interview with Academician was carefully planned and organized by Chen Xingdan, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a famous optical expert in China. Although Mr. Chen is over 80 years old, he personally invited academicians, called relevant editors to compile and sort out the final draft word by word. Mr. Chen’s hard work is the quality assurance of this column, which is deeply admired and respected by our colleagues.

The column "Interview with Academician" will continue to be carried out, and I sincerely hope that readers can get to know them and understand them through this column, so as to enlighten and gain something.

Editorial Board of China Optics

yanda liMale, Han nationality, born in Dongguan, Guangdong Province on October 12th, 1936. China is an expert in signal processing and bioinformatics, and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Professor Tsinghua University, IEEE Fellow, Fellow of Chinese Institute of Electronics.

In 1959, he graduated from the Department of Computer and Automatic Control in Tsinghua University. He taught in Tsinghua University in July 1958 and retired in October 2018. From 1978 to 1981, as the first group of visiting scholars to the United States after the Cultural Revolution, he visited and studied at MIT. He has served as director of the Department of Automation of Tsinghua University, dean of the School of Information, director of the academic committee of Tsinghua University, member of the school affairs committee, and deputy director of the degree committee of Tsinghua University. In 1991, he was elected member (academician) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has served as a member of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and convener of the evaluation group of control science and engineering discipline, director of the Standing Committee of the Information Technology Science Department of China Academy of Sciences, member of the Presidium of the China Academy of Sciences, director of the Teaching Steering Committee of Electronic Information and Electrical Science in Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education, and editor-in-chief of Electronic Journal.

Li Yanda has made important achievements in the theory, algorithm and application of DOA estimation and signal reconstruction. He proposed a new method of time delay estimation, which relaxed the application conditions of signal reconstruction theory. He introduced the theory of signal reconstruction and artificial intelligence technology into the processing and interpretation of seismic exploration data, and put forward a new method to predict underground oil layers by integrating seismic profile, logging and geological knowledge. He achieved a series of pioneering results and achieved remarkable results in practical application, which made an important contribution to the cause of petroleum geophysical signal processing in China. After 1998, he devoted himself to the research of bioinformatics. He regarded the genome as an information system, introduced the idea of information theory and complex system into the analysis of genome and biomolecular system, and made some research achievements in gene regulation analysis and modeling, theoretical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine, and analysis of diseases and targets. He is one of the pioneers in the field of bioinformatics in China.

I spent my childhood in war.

My father, Li Lurong, was born in Nanhai, Guangdong, and worked as a clerk in the administrative organs. Later, he joined relatives as a clerk in Shanghai. My grandfather was a former Qing Dynasty juren with a rich family. My mother, Zhang Ruiwen, inherited her grandfather’s wisdom. She went to school and worked as a primary school teacher. She is thoughtful and opinionated. When her father is away for many years, the whole family is fully supported by her mother.

In 1936, I was born in my grandmother’s home-Dongguan County. I was the first child in my family, and soon I had a second one-my younger brother. I spent my childhood in war. I went to the third grade in Dongguan Yuanyong Primary School and moved to Guangzhou with my family to continue my primary school and junior high school. By the second day of junior high school, I was admitted to Guangya Middle School, which is a school that children from poor families hope to enter. From the second day of junior high school, I entered this boarding school until I graduated from high school, and experienced the liberation of Guangzhou (1950). After liberation, due to the financial difficulties of my family, I insisted on studying with the support of national grants.

Li Yanda as a teenager.

Second, unforgettable and elegant

Guangya Middle School, formerly known as Guangya Academy, was founded in 1888 by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces. Its name is taken from "Broad people are great" and "elegant people are just", which means to cultivate knowledgeable and upright people. In Guangya Middle School, I learned to live independently, manage myself, develop freely and happily, and cultivate my good self-study habit and self-improvement spirit.

I am most interested in physics class.

I am curious by nature and like to explore the unknown. In Guangya Middle School, the course I am most interested in is physics. Mr. Wu Weitang, a physics teacher, gave a logical and fascinating lecture, which showed us a brand-new world. It is a great pleasure for me to borrow extracurricular books, especially reference books on physics. As a result, after a period of time, I couldn’t find any physics extracurricular books that I could continue to borrow in the middle school library. Reading extracurricular books makes me learn actively and deeply.

My diary recorded an impressive physics class. In that class, Mr. Wu asked questions for everyone to answer. "Now ask the fourth question, please answer it. What is the internal current of the battery? Ask Li Yanda to talk about it. " I have thought about this question for a while, and briefly organized what I want to say a few seconds before I stood up. I replied: "Charged ions are attracted by the electric field caused by the two poles and move regularly. Negative ions move to the positive electrode and positive ions move to the negative electrode to form the current in the battery." Teacher Wu kept nodding his head in agreement: "What he said is completely right, and his answer is very good and perfect. Let me ask another question, how to expand the meaning of the current in the conductor and combine the composition of the current inside the battery to summarize the meaning of the current? " Looking forward to everyone. I have been thinking about it for a long time, and finally I think that both electrons and ions are tiny particles with mass, which can be represented by particles. At this time, the teacher’s eyes looked at me and said, "Can you ask Li Yanda to answer this question again?" I stood up and answered briefly, "charged particles are attracted by the electric field and move regularly to form an electric current." Teacher Wu immediately nodded and said, "The answer is absolutely right and can be summarized. Have you thought that electrons are particles like ions? This answer is very good, very rare. Li Yanda must have read a lot of reference books beforehand, and he has a thorough understanding of this question. In the two years since I taught physics in senior high school, no one has given such a complete and comprehensive answer, which is rare. You all study hard at physics,But the power of generalization is not enough, so we should learn from Li Yanda, who summed it up very well. You should know that his answer this time is absolutely right. "Such a compliment is extremely rare for Mr. Wu. Extra-curricular books are really helpful to me. I have read some questions about solution current in extra-curricular books, and I have thought that ions may move. In physics class, the teacher mentioned that "in metal, current only moves electrons, and ions are stationary, but this is not the case in other objects." These words may sound like nothing to other students, but they touched my thoughts and confirmed my understanding. I answered the questions and answers in this class by combining reading extra-curricular books with my experience in class, because these questions would not be talked about in high school physics class at that time.

The habit of reading extracurricular books has benefited me a lot.

I read a wide range of extracurricular books, not only in physics. For example, I have read "A Brief History of Lenin’s Life and Career" and "Marina’s Life Path" and made notes. I wrote in my diary: "This book is so good that it gives me great enlightenment. I like reading books very much at this time. People simply can’t lack books. I especially like reading books about the growth of heroes, typical books about lofty morality, and I like those heroes. A person’s beauty lies not only in his appearance, but also in his heart and whether his character is noble or not. Marina’s goodness lies in her constant upward trend, loyal personality and brave and determined spirit. "

Every time I read a good book, I discuss the topic of life with my partners. Good books are so important to me that I sighed in my diary: "I can’t live without books for a day. The library is the most fascinating place. This feeling has been deeply felt as early as my freshman year." I love what Marx said: I would like to be a bookworm.

From now on, loving reading and reading all kinds of books has become my lifelong hobby, which has also helped me form a self-learning ability. In the first year of high school, I was hospitalized for nearly a month because of illness, and all the courses I missed were made up by myself. Especially when I was studying geometry, I read a book "One Hundred Ways to Solve Geometry Problems" in the hospital, and I actually kept up with the progress. I always feel that I don’t have enough time because I am interested in reading books. Although I also made a reading plan, I never finished it. In addition, as a monitor, I am busy with many things. Gradually, I am used to arranging my time effectively. I often pay attention to the main points and improve efficiency when doing things and reading books. This method is very effective when used in course study. After a class, I can often sort it out with a page, and it is easy to review. Therefore, even during reviewing for exams, I still find time to read extra-curricular books. This habit benefited me a lot in my later study and work.

Third, study in Tsinghua

In college, I have developed a unique set of skills of listening to lectures and reviewing.

After graduating from high school, I was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering in Tsinghua University.

I didn’t know Tsinghua University at first, and my first impressions were two: First, Tsinghua is a good place for diligent study, especially the library in Tsinghua University, which greatly meets my demand for books; Second, Tsinghua University’s teachers are very good, such as Mr. Zhong Shimo, Mr. Zhao Fangxiong, Mr. Tong Shibai, etc. They not only speak well in class, but also have outstanding personality charm.

In this demanding environment of Tsinghua University, I have not only laid a solid foundation in basic knowledge, but also developed my thinking method and learning method. Because of the great freedom and difficulty of studying in college, I have developed a unique set of skills of listening to lectures and reviewing in order to adapt to the tense college life. Because I am good at grasping the main points, once I grasp the main points in class, it is easy to understand; In the classroom, I often feel that there are many tedious and repetitive contents in what the teacher says. Just staring at the teacher will lead to low learning efficiency. It is better to use the time between lectures to compare the teacher’s methods with your own ideas and list your own doubts. In order to grasp the main points of classroom knowledge more quickly, I often take time to read more books and do some preview when reviewing. Five minutes before class, I will recall the preview content and get a general impression of the central content of this class. In this way, I think while listening, analyze while listening, and write down the main points and similarities and differences, which greatly improves the efficiency of listening to lectures. Over time, the classroom is no longer a place to memorize knowledge, but a place for me to do analysis and comparison. Therefore, I can often put forward some of my own views, and I can also integrate the knowledge of extracurricular books into the course content. Throughout one’s life, knowledge is accumulated slowly, and only the knowledge that one is very interested in and carefully thought about will be accumulated in one’s mind. It is not difficult to do this, as long as you have the heart and form a habit, the result will be inevitable.

Dialectics has opened a new window for me

My study habit of reading extracurricular books became an active part in extracurricular activities when I was in college. I remember when I was a sophomore, I took part in extracurricular scientific and technological activities about the essence of electromagnetic field. This is a study of the nature of matter. In some people’s view, the appearance of electromagnetic field makes matter "disappear". In order to discuss this problem, I especially studied dialectics of nature. I like reading Laozi’s Tao Te Ching very much. The dialectical thinking method has opened a new window for me. Without dialectical thinking, it is not only difficult for a person to enter the room in science, but also difficult to suffer setbacks in life. The dialectical thought makes me understand the dialectical relationship between success and failure, and between rise and fall, so that I can face failure calmly and attach importance to learning from it. When it goes well and rises, I often realize the crisis and make arrangements for the next leap. I can often analyze and observe a problem from the big picture and the whole, and look at new technologies and potentials from the perspective of development and change. All these have played an unimaginable role in my future work. Consciously combining dialectics with research work is also one of my most important gains in college.

After graduating from college, I spent seven years in scientific research, groping in practice, learning by doing, and learning what I can’t learn in books. Pay attention to the questions raised by practice, the research results should be applied to practice, understand the gap between book knowledge and practice, etc. These understandings and experiences were learned during this period, and I gradually matured in this way. Exploring the unknown and curiosity is my lifelong interest and pursuit, and it is also an endless driving force for forming a way of thinking.

3 broaden your horizons, climb high and look far.

With the increase of knowledge and the gradual expansion of the fields involved, my knowledge is also growing. I found that many things have similar properties and different fields have internal relations, and my horizons are gradually broadened, and my understanding and understanding of subject boundaries and subject development are also suddenly enlightened, and I gradually have my own insights.

I studied automatic control in college, and engaged in electronics and digital control for more than ten years after graduation. In 1959, I took part in the maintenance and operation of the first machine tool program control computer in China. Although a group of young people in Tsinghua knew little about program-controlled computers at that time, a group of young people who dared to think and do it could design and manufacture program-controlled computers by themselves after a year or two of hard work. This has greatly inspired me to further emancipate my mind and dare to think and do it. Then I led the graduate students to develop the first program-controlled computer of drilling machine in China and put it into production.

Four, MIT for two years.

In 1978, I passed the exam and became the first group of visiting scholars to the United States, and had the opportunity to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). For some other reasons, my research direction shifted from electronics to signal processing. Although I have only been at MIT for two years, I have gained a lot. The most important thing is to broaden my horizons, and at the same time, I have entered a new research field and found a new direction.

In January 1979, Deng Xiaoping (second row, fifth from the left) cordially received the first batch of Chinese students studying in the United States in the new era at the China Embassy in the United States. The third row from the left is Academician Li Yanda.

I used to major in electronic circuits, and I worked under Mr. Tong Shibai. Before going abroad, Mr. Tong arranged for me to learn microprocessor, and asked me to open this course when I came back. At that time, going abroad required two people to write letters of recommendation. I found Mr. Chang Yong, who is a master of MIT and a doctor of Harvard. Mr. Chang asked me to learn signal processing and bring back the class. So it is written on the application form: the first volunteer microprocessor, the second volunteer signal processing.

The tutor I originally chose when I went to MIT was Professor Fan Li, who was the director of the MIT microprocessor laboratory. However, it was the first time that New China sent visiting scholars to the United States, and several institutions did not make it clear that they would accept these people, including MIT. It is said that when MIT professors discussed whether to accept these visiting scholars, Mr. Lin Jiaqiao urged them to accept them. However, some Jewish professors who are very influential in MIT raised some difficult questions. For example, they suggested that the basic condition for visiting scholars is to have a doctorate, and none of these Chinese have a doctorate, so they can only come to MIT as students, not as visiting scholars. As a student, you have to pay tuition, which is actually not accepted. Mr. Lin Jiaqiao argued that there was no doctor’s degree in China, and emphasized that the level of these people met the requirements. The two sides were at loggerheads, and finally a Jewish professor named Oppenheimer proposed a compromise: let them come in first and see before deciding. Finally, MIT professors decided to conduct an investigation for one year. If these people are qualified, they will be treated as visiting scholars, and if they are not qualified, they will be treated as students and receive tuition fees. Because it was Professor Oppenheimer who put forward this suggestion, he would set an example to receive a Chinese and then report the assessment results to other professors a year later. He is an expert in signal processing. After reading the application materials of all visiting scholars, he found that only I chose signal processing. Although it was his second choice, he chose me. So when I came to MIT, I was assigned to Professor Oppenheimer.

I was 42 years old that year, the same year as Professor Oppenheimer. The first time we met, I told him: We graduated from university in the same year, but I just went through the Cultural Revolution for ten years, and you studied for a doctor and opened up your own research direction, so the two of us have been separated for more than ten years. At that time, my first task was to learn the course well, and I could continue to offer this course when I returned to China.

It is not easy to study in Professor Oppenheimer’s laboratory. I have never seen the computer system in the laboratory and I don’t know how to operate it. Once I was studying the instruction set and tried the functions of each instruction one by one. The last instruction was: Shut down. As soon as I executed it, I shut down the computer system of the whole laboratory. At that time, the whole laboratory was in an uproar, and some people had opinions and opinions about Chinese. But then one thing changed my situation.

Although I switched to signal processing from Professor Oppenheimer, I still have the task of learning microprocessor. During the summer vacation, Professor Fan Li’s laboratory provided an Intensive Course on microprocessors. For one and a half months, more than 30 senior engineers attended classes. The process of learning this course was very tight and the homework was very heavy. At that time, my English was not good and I didn’t understand it very well. The final exam is to give each of these more than 30 people a chip, and ask everyone to build a circuit by themselves. If they can read the information in the chip and display it, they will pass. I am very familiar with the circuit. I was the first to make it in two or three days and passed the exam, which surprised some people. The tutor of this course is a graduate student, who is in close contact with Professor Oppenheimer’s laboratory, and the news spread. Since then, the attitude of people in Oppenheimer’s group towards me has changed greatly.

After spending half a year in Oppenheimer’s group, I taught myself two or three courses, such as Signal Processing, by reading books and watching videos. Feeling that I should do scientific research, I went to Professor Oppenheimer and said that I would take part in the scientific research work in the group. Professor Oppenheimer was very surprised. He always thought that I would only take courses, so he asked me which research group I wanted to go to. I chose seismic exploration. Professor Oppenheimer said that he would have a look at it first, and gave me a topic, asking me to find information to do the calculation myself. A week later, I handed in the results, and he gave me another doctoral thesis for me to read. After more than a month, I understood the paper and put forward my own suggestions for improvement, which made me enter his research group. Professor Oppenheimer is an expert on how to apply phase spectrum. At that time, I realized that phase spectrum is closely related to wave delay, and the information of stratum structure can be obtained by using wave delay. My work has also given Professor Oppenheimer a new experience. It turns out that the phase function he proposed can also be used in the study of wave delay and geological structure. Professor Oppenheimer recognized my work, and our group of people also performed well in their respective fields. Therefore, we were all treated as visiting scholars without paying tuition fees, and later MIT accepted new visiting scholars.

Before going abroad, I was mainly teaching in Tsinghua, and my research was mainly tracking and imitating. Only at MIT did I understand how to do scientific research-make new things! During the two years at MIT, my research shifted from electronic circuit to signal processing, which opened up a new research direction and also learned to consider problems from a higher level. Whether it is electronic circuit, signal processing or feedback control, it is actually a problem of information transmission and processing. From a higher level, they are interlinked. I later studied the Internet from the perspective of information control to solve the congestion problem. The essence of bioinformatics is to study the inheritance of DNA information, and information inheritance determines material inheritance. The essence of life is also an information process. All my later work was carried out along such a line.

MIT’s two-year visit has greatly broadened my horizons, made me see the rapid development of foreign science and technology and our backwardness, and strengthened my confidence in emancipating my mind and daring to think and do. However, the most important harvest is: I stand at a different height and have the feeling of climbing high and looking far.

Academician Li Yanda is at MIT campus

Five, after returning to China to explore a new way of seismic exploration data processing technology.

After returning to China, I devoted myself to using new signal processing methods to find oil and natural gas for the country, that is, data processing for oil and gas exploration. It is very complicated and difficult to process a large number of oil and gas exploration data by computer to find oil layers buried thousands of meters underground. There are several ways to find oil and gas now, mainly by the so-called "seismic exploration" method. Geologists usually analyze the conditions of oil generation and accumulation in areas based on geological surveys, and then generate seismic waves through artificial explosions in areas where oil generation and storage are possible. The seismic wave propagates downward to several thousand meters of oil layer and then reflects to the ground, and the reflected wave can be received by installing a geophone on the ground, and then the cross section of the underground structure can be obtained by computer processing. Geological engineers analyze these structures, find structures that can store oil according to experience or known knowledge, and finally confirm them by drilling wells. However, in the early stage of exploration, the success rate of well drilling is often very low. Our task is to assist geological engineers to better judge oil layers and improve the hit rate of well drilling. Processing exploration data by computer developed greatly in 1960s and 1970s, and achieved great success. By the 1980 s, this method had become more and more complicated, and the results achieved were getting smaller and smaller.

After a period of research, although we made great efforts, the results were not very satisfactory, and I began to rethink the route of our work. My thinking is not limited to the specific topic at present, but the whole exploration method. I think the well location determined by seismic exploration often fails to produce oil. What is the fundamental reason? My conclusion is that the main reason is not that the computer processing is not fine enough, but that the data obtained by seismic exploration is not enough to determine the location of underground oil layers. From the point of view of information theory, it is a problem of insufficient information. For this problem, no matter how to study the computer processing method, it can’t be solved. The basic way to solve this problem is to increase the amount of information, that is to say, to supplement new knowledge about underground oil layers from other aspects. The more such knowledge is supplemented, the more effective it is to solve the problem. When I look around the whole process of exploration, I find that there are several important ways to understand the underground oil layer: one is that drilling wells and logging provide local detailed information of the underground; The other is the inference and analysis of underground oil layers by geological engineers according to geological conditions. Then, isn’t it just to solve the problem of insufficient information by incorporating logging data and information provided by geological engineers’ experience into seismic exploration data? However, because geology, logging and seismic exploration technology are all very complex disciplines or technologies, and they are self-contained, usually an engineer only knows one of them, and the separation of disciplines has caused the separation of the three to a certain extent. Secondly,There are also great differences among them in technology. The knowledge of geological engineers is vague and it is difficult to describe them accurately and quantitatively. The resolution of logging data is very high, but it is only a "one-hole view" with a narrow spatial scope; Seismic data has a wide range in space, but its resolution is low in local depth. More importantly, the amount of seismic data is huge, which needs to be processed by a large computer. The processing process is complex and it is difficult for manual intervention. It is very difficult to combine other data on a large computer. Therefore, when I realized that if we can combine the knowledge of logging and geological engineers with seismic data, it is possible to achieve new results, I began to consider how to realize this scheme. However, when I asked some experts to integrate the three, most of them shook their heads and said it was difficult. It is not easy to realize the integration of the three under the environment and limitation of large computers.

In the mid-1980s, when Professor Chang Yong came back from a visit abroad, he told me excitedly that a new type of computer-workstation appeared abroad. Its performance is equivalent to that of medium-sized and large-sized computers, but it is small in size and easy for manual operation and human-computer interaction. I immediately realized that a rare opportunity came-it must be possible to realize the combination of the three on the workstation. I have a premonition that the traditional seismic exploration data processing technology is coming to an end, and it is necessary to make bold decisions and embark on a new road. This is the combination of the above three. This analysis has strengthened my determination to overcome all difficulties and embark on a new path. After several years of hard work, my graduate students and I have opened up a new road, and initially realized the combination of the three, and the effect is obvious. Three new high-yield wells have been drilled in Shengli Oilfield by this new method. At the same time, the international community is developing in this direction. At present, it has become a common working mode and an important means of oil and gas exploration to process seismic exploration, geological engineer interpretation and logging data at the same time on the workstation, and to interact or combine them with each other.

Six, some experiences of scientific research work

1 don’t do what others have done.

When I was doing research work at MIT, I had the opportunity to get in touch with Professor Lin Jiaqiao, a famous scholar. He is a scholar I admire very much and his contribution to mathematics is universally recognized. I asked him what he should pay attention to in learning and what suggestions he had for my future research. He told me, "Don’t do what others have done." This sentence is very enlightening to me. I understand what he said, but it doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t do what others have done. If you want to learn and understand a lot of work, you must repeat what others have done. It goes without saying that a lot of development and production work is done on the basis of others’ work. I think the original intention of his words is: the research topic and research goal you have determined should be unprecedented and truly exploratory and pioneering. If we only repeat and make some repairs on the basis of what others have done, it is of little significance in research and will only waste a lot of energy, which should not be valued by a scientific researcher.

At the beginning of my scientific research work, I only took part in existing projects or worked with teachers, but I didn’t seriously consider this problem. When I came back from the United States in the early 1980s, my horizons and the height of seeing problems were different. Professor Lin Jiaqiao’s instruction can be said to hit the nail on the head, which has raised my research work to a new level. It is from the basic point that "no one has done it" that I set my research objectives and methods. Compared with the past, they all went all out, but the results were very different, which really benefited a lot.

Grasp the key and go all out.

I also adopt the methods used in my study when dealing with research work. When the research topic is determined, I am used to grasping the main points and key points, simplifying the problem into one or two key problems, and then going all out to concentrate on solving it. Because the problem is concentrated into one or two key problems, all your energy can be focused on one or two points, forming great penetration like an awl. For example, when I was studying signal processing methods at MIT, my professor was a famous scholar in the field of signal processing, and his research work reached the most advanced level in the world at that time. As my foundation is weak, he hopes that I can take more courses and learn more about the work done by his doctoral students. But I think "nothing ventured, nothing gained". I should not only learn advanced theories and existing achievements, but also be able to apply and even develop them and create something. This is my goal. According to my analysis, the instructor has made new innovations in signal reconstruction, and the most important point is to reconstruct the signal by using the phase function. I will seize this point and study it in depth; On the other hand, I choose oil and gas exploration data processing as an application field, and a key problem to be solved in this application field is the delay of finding the arrival time of signals. I vaguely feel that there is some connection between the two. After repeated thinking, I find that the arrival time of the signal is determined by the phase function, so the phase function can be used to determine the delay time in essence. I was very excited to find this internal relationship, and then I repeatedly thought about how to express the relationship between the two in mathematics, starting with the establishment of the model.To write general expressions. After continuous thinking, I finally found a new method and a new expression to estimate the delay problem by reconstructing the signal with phase function, and proved the feasibility of this new method with simulation data. This achievement made the guidance professor very happy, and personally took me to the relevant research center to report this achievement and write it into his summary report. Later, this achievement was also published in internationally renowned journals. Grasping the key and going all out, this method not only benefits me greatly in my study, but also is the most important weapon in my research work.

Put forward new goals in time, not afraid of failure.

A discipline has its process of occurrence, development and decline, and a person engaged in research in a certain field has to go through a similar process. When a person reaches the peak of his success, it also means that he may go downhill. At this time, he should be alert, have a sense of crisis, and set new goals for himself in time. In addition, I think, if you want to explore, don’t be afraid of failure. My first success is often based on dozens of failures. I am not afraid to admit defeat. When I put forward some new ideas, I am often ridiculed, opposed and sometimes even sharply criticized by some people. I don’t care about any of this, I just laugh it off. I think this is one of my great advantages.

Why am I always exploring? I think on the one hand, it is out of curiosity, and on the other hand, I see greater opportunities. Since I returned to China in 1981, I have been mainly engaged in seismic exploration data processing for more than ten years. My team has made some achievements after many twists and turns in its research work since childhood. Since 1993, when my research achievements were rewarded and I was undertaking larger projects, I felt that my work in this field for more than ten years had developed from the beginning to a peak and was going downhill. I have a sense of crisis, and I think it’s time to set new goals for myself. My feeling tells me that network information is a rapidly developing new field with a lot of opportunities. Therefore, I set out to set up a network information research group to apply the intelligent information processing methods we have studied for many years to network control and network information retrieval. Although we are beginners in network information, we have accumulated many years of knowledge in intelligent information processing and intelligent control. The establishment of this research group has given us new goals and inspired our new research ideas. With the development of the Internet in the world and the information superhighway in China, our new network information research group has also developed rapidly, attracting a group of promising young people, and our research has also achieved rapid results and published papers in important publications at home and abroad. Since 1996, with the implementation of the human genome project, a large number of genetic information and data have emerged, which urgently need further analysis by information scientists.The research of bioinformatics will be an important topic in the 21st century, and our other bioinformatics research group is also working closely with biologists to conduct new research.

In my opinion, the interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary edge is exactly where we can make great achievements. In the information age, we should not be complacent and arrogant, but be very sensitive, pay great attention to the development of world science and technology, make full use of the information obtained from all over the world through communication and opening up, and keep up with the times.

4. Establish an ideal, scientific and democratic team.

Nowadays, scientific research is always a collective behavior. The combination of experience and insight, acumen and diligence can often be more fully reflected in a group. A promising scholar should also be an organized person. Because I often serve as a monitor and a league branch cadre in middle schools and universities, I have cultivated my ability of unity and organization, and accumulated experience in social work for my future study and work. Teacher Chang Yong placed great expectations on building an ideal, scientific and democratic team, and also did a lot of work, which also had a great impact on me. We bring the spirit of daring to challenge the world-class level to the research group, set high standards, encourage exploration, allow failure, promote democracy and discuss on an equal footing in the research group, and gradually form an atmosphere. Through the efforts of the whole group, we have established a common goal and established national self-confidence and pride. Here, as an organizer, it is most important to have ideals and beliefs, perseverance and disregard for personal gains and losses. Fortunately, I often work in such a group, which is often the source of my innovative ideas and inspiration, and the most sensitive part of my vision and touch. It is great fun to do research and exploration in such a young group.

Academician Li Yanda and his graduate students (Tsinghua University)

5 About basic research

A problem that has been puzzling China’s scientific and technological circles is that science and technology and economy are two skins, and the two cannot be well combined. Over the years, we have always emphasized that "tasks should bring disciplines" and "science and technology should serve the economy", and we have taken many measures, but there are not many original achievements in innovation, and there are still "two skins" in the combination of science and technology and economy. If we have found the problem and attached great importance to it, it has not changed obviously for a long time, then it is likely that we have a problem in the guiding ideology of solving the problem.

When the Second World War came to an end in 1944, people were thinking about how to change science and technology from serving war to serving social development in peacetime. At that time, President Roosevelt gave this task to Dr. Bush, director of the American Scientific Research and Development Agency. After in-depth study, Dr. Bush and a group of outstanding experts put forward a report-"Science-endless frontier". This report has a great influence on the scientific research and economic development of the United States in the following decades. During this period, American science and technology have been at the forefront of the world, and the American economy has been constantly innovating and developing rapidly with the support of science and technology. When our country begins to get rid of the strong external pressure and various wars and carry out reform and opening up in a relatively peaceful environment, it is worth studying the experience provided by this report.

The main focus of this report is on the importance of basic research, which points out that basic research will lead to new knowledge. It provides scientific capital, and it creates such a reserve from which the practical application of knowledge must be extracted. New products and new technological processes are not completely mature as soon as they appear. They are based on new principles and new concepts, which are painstakingly developed in the research work in the purest field of science. Today, basic research has become the leader of technological progress, which is more clear than ever. A country that relies on other countries for new basic scientific knowledge will have a slow industrial development and a weak position in world trade competition, no matter how sophisticated its mechanical skills are. The report requires that the government’s funds for basic research must maintain a steady increase trend. Dr. Bush also pointed out that basic research should be given special protection and special guaranteed support. In 1968, when the US Congress authorized the National Science Foundation to support applied research in addition to basic research, Bush’s Committee on Science and Public Welfare warned that there is a tenacious law governing scientific research: under the pressure of demanding immediate results, applied research will inevitably exclude pure scientific research unless well-thought-out policies are formulated to prevent this from happening. The lesson is clear: it is pure scientific research that deserves and needs special protection and special guaranteed support.

The report also pays special attention to personnel training. In the part of "Renewing our scientific talents", President conant is quoted as saying: "-In every aspect of the whole field that can be properly called" science ",the limiting factor is people. The speed of our progress in a certain direction depends on the number of truly first-rate talents engaged in the said work. So in the final analysis, our basic education policy will determine the future of this country. "

As for strengthening industrial research, the report points out that "the simplest and most effective way for the government to strengthen industrial research is to support basic research and develop scientific talents". The report points out that "one of the most important factors affecting a large number of industrial research is the tax law", and the report suggests that the domestic tax law should be revised to eliminate the uncertainty of deduction of research and development funds.

I think it is clear that we can learn something from this report. The frontier of science and its potential benefits are still endless.

Seven, about personnel training

1 Character, knowledge and talent

Talent cultivation and postgraduate education have always been my thoughts. What do students want to learn in school? I once said the following words to the first-year graduate students of automation department:

Comrade Gao Shiqi, an old senior in Tsinghua, wrote the following words when he returned to Tsinghua in his later years:

"tsinghua campus studied for eight years, and welcomed the new year after 60 years of hard work.　

Today’s dedication stems from yesterday’s learning.

The achievements of old people come from little diligence. "　

It seems that only by being good at learning can you be a good graduate student, and only by being good at learning can you constantly strive for self-improvement and progress.

What should I learn during my graduate studies? I think we should learn "character, knowledge and talent" in reading and research.

Among them, the most difficult and useful thing to learn is character, followed by knowledge and talent. In fact, Tsinghua’s greatest influence on people is Tsinghua people’s character. During the summer vacation, many visitors to Tsinghua asked me where the moonlight was on the lotus pond in Tsinghua. Moonlight in the lotus pond shows Tsinghua people’s elegant sentiment, while Mr. Wen Yiduo’s angry behavior shows Tsinghua people’s integrity and backbone. What impressed our generation the most was Mr. Wang Ganchang. When the organization wanted him to participate in the development of an atomic bomb to counter the nuclear threat of the United States, Wang Ganchang’s answer was: "I would like to make my country." This reflects Tsinghua people’s life goals and traditions. Sentiment, righteousness and ideals of life have influenced generations. If you don’t improve your character, you have never read. This is just as the great scholar Cheng Hao said: "Today people can’t read. If you read the Analects of Confucius, you are such people when you don’t read it, but only such people after you read it, that is, you have never read it. " I hope we can improve our character by reading.

Secondly, what I want to say is to improve my knowledge. This includes knowledge and knowledge. In my opinion, knowledge is easy to learn, but knowledge is hard to find. There are different realms of knowledge.

Mr. Yu Youren wrote two poems:

"Let the cranes fly for thousands of hectares, and fish for a bay."

These are two kinds of realms, a crane soaring into the sky, and the eyes are all over the world. And fishing is just in the river bend. Only with such vision can we have such knowledge. Generally speaking, as Professor Huang Ziqing said, science can only ask "How", not "why". The students joked that science can only say "good" but not "bad". But I think science should be able to ask both "How" and "Why".

But if you ask "Why", it is often a bigger question. Its thinking needs vision, knowledge and imagination, and there is often no answer. Because if you ask "Why", you may ask "Tao". I have a saying, "Tao can be Tao, but it is extraordinary." On a smaller scale, if you take problems that others don’t know or can’t solve as your research direction, you need knowledge and imagination.

If reading and research can not only learn knowledge from teachers and classmates, but also increase "knowledge", it will be "trip worthwhile".

The third is talent, that is, the ability to solve practical problems. Be able to communicate with others, be eloquent, be reasonable, respect others, be good at uniting people and so on. Some people do everything smoothly, and some people can’t do anything. This is the performance of ability.

Some people say that as a graduate student, a good paper is everything. However, how do good papers come out? If you really do research, you are actually exploring in unknown areas. The process is like groping for the exit of a house in the dark. You often hit the wall everywhere, but the door may be at your hand, and you just pass by. At that time, you may be very upset or even very disappointed, so I suggest you, if you are strong enough, stick to it. Or, you may think it’s an act of god, go back to the dormitory and sleep. It’s also feasible to change the house and look for it next week. But never fake or copy. According to my experience, 80% of the time, "God" will give you an exit.

Because most of our research can only be regarded as "fishing in a stream", rather than traveling around the world like a crane, it is not difficult to find an exit. However, character, knowledge and talent are not given by "God". Only these three things are the true meaning of being a successful person and the ability to help you find an exit forever. I hope everyone will pay attention.

2 Postgraduate education should really face the future

Why is it that China has always imitated and tracked more, repeated scientific research at a low level, created less independently, developed new frontier disciplines slowly, and had few top-notch talents at a high level, especially those who led the development of a discipline? In my opinion, in addition to being limited by China’s economic development level and insufficient investment, graduate education should also bear part of the responsibility.

Talents in new frontier disciplines should be trained among graduate students, not just those in existing disciplines. Graduate students will be brought to undergraduate education when they are mature, thus promoting the renewal of undergraduate courses.

It is a well-known problem that the subject content of undergraduate education in China is slowly updated and the content is aging. The root cause is that graduate students have not made great efforts to cultivate new talents in frontier disciplines. With the development of new subject areas, new subject leaders will naturally appear, which is handsome. We are top-notch in the field of science and technology, and there are few talented people who have a great influence in one field, which is also related to the inability to sensitively cultivate talents in new disciplines in the future in graduate education.

Everyone knows that there will be a large number of breakthrough topics from interdisciplinary subjects, but in the past, we often lamented the difficulty in the development of interdisciplinary subjects and attributed it to the imperfect management system. In fact, fundamentally speaking, the guiding ideology of postgraduate education does not really face the future. This can be said to be an important issue that affects the quality of postgraduate training and the training of real talents. This is not a question of specific management methods, but a question of ideas. Without advanced ideas, there will naturally be no new talent training mode, which is worthy of our in-depth consideration.

Take bioinformatics as an example to make a concrete analysis. Since the implementation of the Human Genome Project in the 1990s, biology, especially molecular biology, is undergoing a major change, from the biology that only focused on one gene or one protein in the past to the new system biology. By identifying tens of thousands of genes and millions of single nucleic acid polymorphisms, genomics will help reveal the root of the problem and find the best treatment for many genetic diseases. The wave of "genomics" such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabonomics and proteomics is promoting this change. This is a great opportunity to give birth to new frontier disciplines and grow new academic leaders. However, many graduate students in this field can’t adapt to this change. Where is the problem? Professor David R. Brown (Professor of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Toxicology) of the University of Minnesota in the United States thinks that "part of it is an education problem" because we are training pharmaceutical workers who are aware of the progress of genomics and proteomics? Are we training molecular biologists who will participate in the process of drug discovery? Neither. In this new discipline, molecular biologists and drug workers should not only become information scientists, but also the information among genomics, proteomics, physiology, medicine and biochemistry must be mutually convertible, which is the significance of the discipline of "bioinformatics or In Silico".

People of insight, advanced universities and professors in the United States, Britain and Japan quickly seized this field and trained talents in this new discipline with new teaching contents. The new graduate team also vigorously promoted the development of this field. It has become the consensus of some first-class universities that professors should train a group of new people according to the requirements of the frontier of science and the needs of the future, and corresponding management methods have been developed for many years.

If we just think that this is an interdisciplinary problem, I think it is not enough. Education should really carry out the idea that education should face modernization and the future.

Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, the development of science and technology provides a great opportunity for China’s economic development, and also provides a great opportunity for China’s science and technology to catch up. But why is it that China’s innovation ability has been difficult to improve compared with the world, and it has long lacked real talents and masters? I’m afraid it’s not that our intelligence in Chinese is insufficient. I think part of the problem lies in education, especially postgraduate education.

Tsinghua University celebrated Teachers’ Day in 2015.

Viii. Bioinformatics-Opening up New Fields

Around 1996-1997, the human genome project was in full swing, and a large number of genome data emerged. Being very sensitive to "data", I naturally wouldn’t miss such an opportunity.

The diagnosis and treatment of diseases is moving from reductionism to system theory.

Our diagnosis and treatment of diseases is moving from reductionism to system theory. At present, most of the research on life science still stays in local details. In the future, the study of life science should rise to a holistic and systematic height, because life is a whole. We need to combine micro and macro! The Human Genome Project has brought our analysis of the human body system into the gene level and an unprecedented field. In order to understand the occurrence of diseases, we are eager to understand the function of genes and protein. However, with the exception of a few genes and protein, most genes and protein do not work alone. Most genes and protein often interact with each other, and their relationship is like a very complex network.

We are faced with the following problems: searching for genetic variation that leads to genetic diseases in complex biomolecular networks, searching for drug targets for treating diseases or symptoms from gene protein networks, and then searching for cancer markers.

How to analyze this network? We can’t break up the network and analyze it in multiple parts, but we must analyze it as a whole; However, usually we only know a small part of this complex network. How can we analyze the role of genes or protein from a part of the network? This problem has been bothering us for nearly ten years!

2 Correlation analysis-relationship inference is a breakthrough.

Correlation analysis is a breakthrough! The early breakthrough of this problem lies in finding mutant genes of non-familial genetic diseases. For familial genetic diseases, we can find the corresponding family and find its special gene mutation through linkage analysis; However, for non-familial genetic diseases, traditional methods are no longer applicable. In desperation, people have come up with correlation analysis: simultaneous occurrence is correlation.

Divide patients and healthy people into two groups, and find gene mutations that appear in patients but not in healthy people. These gene mutations are "related" to genetic diseases. Of course, it is not enough to find the related gene mutation, but also to confirm the truly disease-related gene mutation through prior knowledge, mechanism analysis, experimental verification and other methods, preferably through independent verification by a third party. Finally, this method was proved to be feasible, and with the continuous expansion of the experimental population, it was extended to the whole genome analysis and achieved remarkable results.

We further expand the correlation analysis into relationship inference and propose the CIPHER algorithm. We assume that phenotypes are more similar and related genes are closer, that is, "the distribution of phenotypic similarity" is consistent with "the distribution of gene proximity". Given a phenotype, we can find the corresponding genes. The key of this method is to combine the macro and micro, and to connect the characterization with biomolecules. By using the phenotypic correlation, we can find gene mutations with similar phenotypes from known phenotypes, and we can find drug targets for diseases. By using the "relationship inference" method, we have succeeded in some applications.

The change of diagnosis and treatment of diseases from reductionism to system theory is a major development of medical undertakings, which is of great significance to early diagnosis of diseases, precise medical care and drug research and development. Substantial progress has been made in this regard.

2010 Xining-Lhasa Bioinformatics Symposium

3 big data is more about big data.

Relationship inference enables us to understand the meaning of big data more deeply-to provide all aspects of "relationships", which plays a key role in solving complex system problems!

There are a lot of omics data in molecular biology, and there are also a lot of data on diseases and medicine, which is a veritable big data; However, when we search cancer data, we find that the sample size is very small, because even if they are both liver cancers, there are many subtypes, because there are many possible combinations of mutations, and they are closely related, but they are not samples of the same class; What big data gets is actually a high-dimensional small sample, which is "relationship" big data! It is precisely because of the "relationship" provided by big data that relationship inference is of great use. Vigorously developing relationship inference is very important for the prediction and intervention of biological system, social system, social system, financial system, economic system and military system.

Today, science and technology have experienced Newton’s mechanics, Einstein’s theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. It seems that they have developed very richly and profoundly, and mathematics has developed perfectly, with more and more branches of science becoming more and more specialized. When science seems to be omnipotent, when people really face the complex world, they suddenly find that all science and technology are so limited and simple; When people explain the world with the perfect law, they find that they often run into a wall, and the contingency of world development is so great! What the hell is going on here? Now, even the basic problems, people are shaking their faith in the past "truth". For example, how did the universe come into being? Did organisms evolve according to Darwin’s theory of evolution and the principle of survival of the fittest? What is the secret of life? And so on, this is really a wonderful era. In my opinion, the boundaries of various disciplines are becoming more and more blurred, and interdisciplinary subjects have become the fastest-growing disciplines. With the development of computers, the realization of the human genome project, the emergence of global networks and the high-speed exchange of information, the science and technology of human society are developing at an unprecedented speed, and we are facing a new era of science. Random and nonlinear new analytical methods are making great and even fundamental changes in the analytical methods and conclusions of various disciplines in the past. This is a golden age that provides great opportunities for people engaged in scientific exploration! We are living in such a lucky era. In this era, we dare to imagine and be good at cross-research.It is very important to dare to grasp things in essence and in general. Only in this way can we seize the opportunity of this era to the maximum extent and be worthy of this era. I hope such talents will appear more in the East and in China.

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Column web address

　　"Title Party" refers to the behavior or people who deliberately attract netizens to click and watch with exaggerated and sensational article titles in the network. Many titles have nothing to do with the content or have little connection. The National Network Information Office, together with relevant departments, has carried out special actions of "headline party" such as rectifying titles and distorting the original intention of news, and formulated and issued the "Regulations on the Standardized Management of Internet News Information Titles (Provisional)".

　　Last week, a survey of 2005 respondents was conducted by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper. It showed that 78.7% of the respondents had been cheated by the title party. Exaggerating facts (65.5%), taking things out of context (61.6%) and keeping suspense (49.1%) are the most common "title party" behaviors. 66.0% of the respondents bluntly said that the "headline party" would greatly reduce their recognition of the article and the possibility of forwarding it. 73.8% of the respondents believe that the media industry should abide by news ethics and prohibit deliberate speculation of public opinion "hot spots".

　　Among the respondents, 0.9% were born after 00, 21.2% after 90, 50.4% after 80, 19.8% after 70, 6.1% after 60 and 1.4% after 50.

　　80.5% of the respondents feel that there are many news about the "headline party"

　　Chen Siyu, a graduate student of Xiamen University, once ran a self-media WeChat official account. "On WeChat ‘ Subscription number ’ Page, each WeChat official account can only display the title of a dozen words at most. Whether you can attract users to click through these dozens of words will test the level of the proposed title. " She admits that in order to attract attention and increase the number of clicks, it takes a lot of thought to make a title every time. If it is right, it is an incisive "god title", and if it is wrong, it will become a "title party".

　　“‘ Title Party ’ It can be seen everywhere, and it is even more unusual in Weibo and WeChat. " Wu Xiaoyao, a college student in Henan Province, said, "With ‘ Don’t look at regret ’ ‘ Surprise the secret ’ ‘ The truth turned out to be … … ’ Titles of words such as ‘ are not uncommon, and every time you click in, you find & lsquo; Cheated ’ The ".

　　Wu Xiaoyao found that it is not only entertainment news, but also some current political news. "There was an expert who expounded a point of view on a current political issue, but this point of view has preconditions. Some websites directly take the expert’s opinion as the title, deliberately ignore the preconditions and fuzzy logic, and the result has caused controversy. "

　　In the survey, 78.7% of the respondents had been cheated by the title party. At the same time, 80.5% of the respondents believe that there are many "headline party" news.

　　Zhao Wen (a pseudonym) used to be an online media editor. She admitted that the reading volume of "headline party" articles was indeed significantly higher than other articles.

　　The behavior of "headline party" which exaggerates the facts (65.5%) and takes it out of context (61.6%) is the most common. In addition, there are also suspense (49.1%), stealing concepts (44.7%) and making things out of nothing (41.7%).

　　66.0% of the respondents said that the "headline party" would greatly reduce their recognition of the article and the possibility of forwarding.

　　Among the interviewees, 66.0% said that the "headline party" would greatly reduce their recognition of the article and the possibility of forwarding it, 13.6% would not, and 20.4% would consider it as appropriate.

　　In Zhao Wen’s view, the click-through rate and reading volume of articles are the life of network platform operators. "For online media, news is presented to readers in the form of headlines. There are many WeChat WeChat official account and news clients now. If the title is not attractive enough and the content is wonderful, it is difficult to have a high reading volume. "

　　Qiu Hongfeng, an associate professor at the School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, pointed out that the "headline party" aims to catch the picky and fast-moving audience. "In the past, everyone’s daily contact with information was limited, and an evening paper could not be put down from beginning to end. At that time ‘ Title Party ’ There is no place for it. Now ‘ Title Party ’ What is discovered is often not the news value of the event itself, but the information points that can attract the attention of the audience in the news report, even very marginal information points, are enlarged to attract as many audiences as possible. "

　　Qiu Hongfeng believes that the most serious harm brought by the "headline party" is to dispel the social significance of serious news. Attracting attention in a way that caters to the original needs of the audience may dissolve the ability of the news media to set serious social issues for the public. He also said that some "headline parties" enhanced the controversy of news, "such as an ordinary traffic accident, by emphasizing the perpetrator in the title ‘ Rich second generation ’ The identity of, make it have ‘ Class conflict ’ Framework; Another example is a rape case, the past ‘ Gangster ’ The identification of the suspect is the suspect himself, which may now be highlighted in the title ‘ Cowardly husband ’ , even regard him as ‘ Gangster ’ And tortured. "

　　In the survey, 64.2% of the respondents think that the "headline party" is a marketing gimmick and grandstanding, 54.7% think that the "headline party" is an act of disrespecting readers, and 51.8% think that the "headline party" wastes readers’ reading time. In addition, respondents’ views on the "headline party" include: reducing the popularity of the platform (39.2%), encouraging impetuous and unhealthy trends (37.2%), increasing reading pleasure (13.9%) and the website’s understandable intention to increase traffic (9.0%).

　　73.8% of the respondents believe that the media industry should abide by news ethics and prohibit deliberate speculation on "hot spots" of public opinion.

　　"The title is the reporter’s editor’s in-depth understanding and high refinement of news value." Qiu Hongfeng was engaged in journalism in his early years. He recalled that at that time, the journalism industry was very serious and disciplined in the drafting of headlines, and paid more attention to the accuracy, literariness and artistry of headline words. "The pursuit of news value also prompted reporters to explore the conflict of the event itself." Today’s "title party", he thinks, is the product of information overload but attention scarcity in the network age.

　　In Chen Siyu’s view, the phenomenon of "title party" is also related to the homogeneous information environment. "For the self-media, most of them don’t have the ability to fight with professional media. Generally, after a hot spot appears, they write pushes and explain their opinions. At this time, in addition to spelling information increment and spelling speed, it is the title of the eye. " In addition, Chen Siyu believes that the loose control over online media and self-media, as well as the lack of professionalism and weak sense of social responsibility of practitioners are also important reasons.

　　Qiu Hongfeng suggested managing the "title party" from three aspects. "First of all, we should evaluate ‘ Title Party ’ The social impact, to determine which way is the need for reasonable norms. Secondly, the secondary treatment of the original title when the website reprints news can be used as a governance direction to regulate the reprinting behavior, such as requiring the original news title to be retained when reprinting. In addition, if the original news can be more substantially protected by copyright, then the traditional news media’s own network platforms may attract more views, and these news network platforms may be consistent with the traditional media in the taste and norms of titles. "

　　In order to improve the phenomenon of "headline party", 73.8% of the respondents believe that the media industry should abide by news ethics and prohibit deliberate speculation of public opinion "hot spots"; 62.5% of the respondents believe that media and websites with serious "title party" behavior should be punished; 47.0% of the respondents hope that netizens will refuse to open news that is too sensational and suspected of being a "headline party".

The naive and quaint spotted seal is a natural comedian.

At the end of October, researchers of marine animal protection in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, Liaoning Province successively monitored the activities of 19 national first-class protected wild animals-western Pacific spotted seals (also known as spotted seals) in the waters near Sandaogou, Liaohe Estuary. According to their body shapes, the researchers determined that they were migratory western Pacific spotted seals this year. These lovely elves returned to their "home" in Liaodong Bay a whole month earlier than in previous years.

Liaohe lipstick beach wetland where spotted seals live.

Are there any wild seals in China? In the impression of most people, seals are sea animals that only live in foreign seas and polar seas. If we want to witness their original ecological life with our own eyes, we have to go to the ocean, which is not easy for us to achieve. But in fact, in northern China, Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea in Liaoning Province, there is a kind of seal that allows people to observe its original ecological life at close range, which is the western Pacific spotted seal.

Wuqi time

Birth of a cub

The western Pacific spotted seal is the only marine mammal of Pinpoda that breeds in China’s waters, and it belongs to the national first-class protected animals. Spotted seals mainly feed on marine animals such as fish, crustaceans and cephalopods, and mostly feed on barracuda in autumn and winter, while the Liaohe Estuary is rich in barracuda. The sea area from Sandaogou to Xiaodaozi in Liaohekou, Liaoning Province is the southernmost breeding habitat of spotted seals on the earth, and hundreds of spotted seals live here for food every year. They usually migrate from South Korea’s Bailing Island to Liaodong Bay at the end of November each year, give birth in the frozen area of Liaodong Bay in January the following year, enter the Liaohe estuary with the tide in February-March, enter the Liaohekou shoal in March-April the following year and gradually fatten up, and gradually drift away from the Bohai Sea in May.

Overlooking the reef

Spotted seals are naive and quaint. In the water, they are agile and elegant, and they are highly skilled ballerinas. On land, they are cute and clumsy, and they are lovable comedians. Every winter and spring, the appearance and stay of spotted seals add vitality and fun to the beautiful Liaodong Bay. Fishermen and tourists from passing ships all look around the seal reef and look forward to seeing the seal, which is known as the "beast of the Bohai Sea". (Wei Xinhe Li Bo)

Gorgeous sunset glow in Liaohekou wetland

Spotted seal is the only marine mammal of Pinpoda that breeds in China’s sea area, and it belongs to the national first-class protected animal. They usually migrate from Bailing Island in South Korea to Liaodong Bay in Bohai Sea in Liaoning Province in China at the end of November every year, and "go home" a whole month earlier this year.

"It feels good to be home."

"Good hi yo"

You and me

"What are you looking at?"

Pose on the reef

sing with outstretched neck

Geely Automobile has lost another place in the field of small cars. On September 14th, Geely announced the pre-sale price, ranging from 78,800 yuan to 107,800 yuan, with five configuration versions. See here, maybe you will ask, this price, I might as well choose or?

Don’t worry, brother Miao will analyze this car for you. Maybe its functional configuration design can meet your car purchase needs.

What are the highlights of new car design?

As an electric hatchback compact car, Geely Star wishes to have a compact body with the dimensions of length, width and height of 4135*1805*1570mm and the wheelbase of 2650mm, which is in line with the standards of small cars. Then the design elements of Geely Xingyuan are also more rounded, and the shapes of the front and rear light groups also echo each other.

The needs of young people are diversified, and Geely Xingyuan also provides consumers with seven body colors to choose from, including vanilla rice, basil green, raspberry powder, milk cover white, mousse silver, truffle ash and sea salt blue, and it is matched with the black upper body to create a two-color body effect. Geely Star is willing to design this way, obviously to meet the needs of young people to buy cars. If it were you, which color would you prefer?

Walking into the car, you can see that Geely Star is willing to use a lot of screens, equipped with Flyme Auto intelligent cockpit system, with a central control large screen size of 14.6 inches, built-in Flyme Auto car system, and supports functional applications such as Hicar and CarLink. Then, in terms of materials, Geely Xingyuan used leather materials in the center console, seats, door panels and other positions. There are two colors of interior materials: Tianjing White and Wizard of Oz Green. As for the seat layout, Geely Star would like to adopt a five-seat layout. Moreover, the occupancy rate is 85%, and there are 36 storage spaces.

In terms of driver assistance configuration, Geely Xingyuan comes standard with lane departure warning system and active braking system, while lane keeping system and lane centering system need to be optional. In addition, Geely Star is willing to have airbags in front of the main and auxiliary drivers, and airbags on the side of the car, which are standard in the whole system, and the whole system is equipped with system, equal and constant speed cruise configuration.

As for the power system, Geely Xingyuan is a new car based on a brand-new platform, equipped with an 11-in-1 intelligent electric drive and a battery pack. This is the Aegis short knife battery developed by Geely Automobile. The longest cruising range under CLTC conditions is 410km, and there is a 310km cruising version. In terms of chassis, Geely Xingyuan comes standard with independent suspension. And the minimum turning radius is only 4.95m m.

How to choose the five versions?

Through the analysis of vehicle types, we can see that Geely Xingyuan has many standard functional configurations, and the convenience of daily car use is guaranteed. After Geely Star is willing to enter the market, the competing models it faces, as mentioned at the beginning, mainly include BYD Seagull and Wuling Bingo.

Compared with the same class models, Brother Miao thinks that consumers who pay attention to safety performance can focus on Geely Xingyuan. After all, as you can see, this car comes standard with airbags and driver assistance functions, and driving safety is guaranteed.

Brother Miao, let’s talk about how to choose among the five versions of Geely Xingyuan. First of all, let’s look at the battery life. The battery life of this car has two versions: 310km and 410km. If you want to go further with a full charge, or use it for a longer time, of course, the long battery life version is better. If you usually commute to work in the city and it is convenient to charge, the 310km battery life version is also ok.

In the 310 battery life version, if your car purchase budget is limited, the entry version is also worth considering, that is, the 310km youth version. After all, Geely Xingyuan has more standard functional configurations, and the convenience and safety of using the car at ordinary times have been guaranteed. As for the 310km Dream Edition, there are many optional configurations, including electric tailgate, tailgate memory, system, transparent image system, etc. If there are, it will make the life of car use more convenient and suitable for novice drivers, but for old drivers, without these configurations, it will basically have no impact on daily car use.

Let’s look at the 410km battery life version again. The difference between the free version and the dream version is mainly reflected in some optional configurations, systems and transparent image systems. On the contrary, from the practical point of view of configuration, Brother Miao is more willing to recommend the Exploration+version to everyone, because a series of optional configurations are all available, so there is no need to consider whether to choose or not. Of course, this version is a top match, so the price level is relatively higher.

Conclusion:

Geely Xingyuan has a lot of standard functions, especially the functions of driving assistance, active braking and other configurations, which are rare in the same class, so even if it is an entry-level model of Geely Xingyuan, the driving safety is relatively guaranteed. Of course, if you want to use the car more conveniently, a higher version is undoubtedly a better choice.

At this year’s Guangzhou Auto Show, the five-seat version of Dongfeng Yipai e π 008 was officially launched, priced at 206,700 yuan – 211,600 yuan, and the limited-time hand price was 176,800 yuan – 186,800 yuan. Previously, the car only offered a six-seat version, but now the emergence of the five-seat version will enrich consumers’ choices.

In terms of shape, there is basically no difference between the five-seat version and the six-seat version. The front of the car adopts a closed treatment, and with the through-type headlights, it looks very suitable for the look and feel of new energy. The side lines are very stretched, giving people a greater sense of volume. The rear shape echoes the front of the car, and it is also the design of the through-type light strip. In terms of body size, the length, width and height are 5002/1972/1732mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 3025mm.

In the interior part, the center console continues the design of the six-seat version, which is simple. The size of the center control screen reaches 15.6 inches, and the built-in Snapdragon 8155 chip. The most obvious change is naturally the seat layout. The seat adopts the traditional 2 + 3 layout, and the seat is relatively thick, which should provide a good riding experience.

The range-extended version has a 1.5T turbocharged engine as a range extender, and the CLTC has a pure electric range of 210km. The pure electric version is equipped with a large-capacity battery, and the CLTC has a range of 636km. In the motor part, the parameters of the range-extended version and the pure electric version are the same, with a maximum power of 200kW and a maximum torque of 340N · m.

GO Car Jun commented: In recent months, the sales volume of Dongfeng Yipai Eπ 008 has remained at around 3,000 units. As a model with a low volume, I personally feel that this result is still qualified. After the five-seat version is launched, I believe it will further improve sales.

The power is precious, and the value is higher. If it is the price, both can be thrown away. I will arrange it for you by the way today. Let’s find out together.

First of all, from the appearance point of view, the Volvo XC90 front shape is more exquisite, looks sporty. The headlights are comfortable, and the visual effect looks quite young. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, etc. Come to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4953MM*1958MM*1776MM, the car adopts a personalized line, the side circumference gives a very simple feeling, with large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is eye-catching. At the rear of the car, the rear of the car looks relatively young and personalized, the taillights are very delicate, and the overall layout is impressive.

Sitting in the car, the interior of the Volvo XC90 presents a beautiful design style, highlighting the layered effect. The exterior of the steering wheel of the car looks very good, and it is made of genuine leather material, giving a good grip experience. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 9-inch touch LCD central control screen, the interior style is impressive and looks very stylish and simple. Finally, look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a simple dashboard, which is designed to be more atmospheric. The car adopts leather seats, and the seats are wrapped in place, which is basically enough for daily use.

The car is equipped with vehicle to everything, driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wipers, interior ambient lights and other configurations. The configuration is not bad, and there is no problem in meeting daily use.

After reading the above introduction, let’s make a summary. This level of model is usually the first choice for most people. Firstly, the price is not expensive, and secondly, the various configurations are quite complete, which is still worth buying.

　　　 On the afternoon of the 12th, Fan Bingbing and Chen Bolin filmed the theme song MV for the film "Guanyin Mountain" that will be released on March 4th. In order to create the shocking beauty and emotional torn effect of the water MV, the two have been practicing nervously until the media visit. "Fan Ye", who has always been atmospheric, still seems very nervous. The two who are soaked all over the body bluntly said in an interview with the media that the water is not good, and they are not in the mood to talk about love. They just want to seize all the time to practice nervously. Fan Bingbing is doing enough insurance work for underwater shooting, chest stickers, swimwear and light gauze. In the next two or three days, Fan Bingbing will also challenge the high difficulty of singing in the water. The help of Han Han and Fan Xiaoxuan makes her confident. As for the song title director Li Yuhe and the producer Fang Li refused to disclose, and his blunt words were still being kept secret.
　
Fan Bingbing, Chen Bolin underwater lingering MV stills beautiful psychedelic　

　　　 The help of Han Han and Fan Xiaoxuan makes the theme song of "Guanyin Mountain" full of mystery. In the latest set of underwater stills, the mermaid-like Fan Bingbing is dressed in pink tulle and lingers underwater with the male lead Chen Bolin. The picture is beautiful and romantic, full of psychedelic atmosphere. Due to the strict requirements of director Li Yu, the two can only dive into the water repeatedly to hold hands and move forward. The difficulty is too high, which causes the two to surface repeatedly for great ventilation, soaking in water for 10 hours. In order to have a super stunning MV for this work that has won him the award of the Tokyo Film Festival, and to thank his friends for their support, Fan Bingbing admits that hardship and fatigue are not the main problems. He hopes that the theme song and film can be recognized by young people.

　　　 On the afternoon of February 12, Fan Bingbing secretly appeared in a studio in the suburbs of Beijing and went wet with Chen Bolin, the male star of the movie "Guanyin Mountain", to shoot the MV for the theme song of the film. Fan Bingbing’s later work "Guanyin Mountain" has been confirmed to be officially released in the mainland on March 4. The theme song of the film was also specially invited to Fan Xiaoxuan to compose the music, Han Han wrote the lyrics, and Fan Bingbing sang. At the filming scene of the MV, Fan Bingbing and Chen Bolin played in the artificially built ultra-deep swimming pool, fulfilling the requirements of director Li Yu. Fan Bingbing, who tried to shoot in the pool for the first time and had poor swimming skills, was unable to enter the play because of insecurity. However, in order for this work that won him the award of the Tokyo Film Festival to have a super stunning MV, Fan Bingbing can be said to have spared no effort, even if the skills are not good, even if the exhaustion of swimming is completely ignored. However, after entering the state, Fan Bingbing is quite like a mermaid, showing the noble and pure beauty of the movie queen.

Han Han and Fan Xiaoxuan dedicated songs to "Guanyin Mountain"

　　　 As Fan Bingbing’s post-title work, "Guanyin Mountain" has given Fan Bingbing a deeper affection than previous films. This time, for the theme song of the film, he and director Li Yu jointly recruited friends Fan Xiaoxuan and Han Han to help out. The two shared the lyrics and songs, while Fan Bingbing sang. Fan Bingbing played a wild and rebellious bar singer-in-residence in the film "Guanyin Mountain", challenging Fan Xiaoxuan’s song in the film. In the process of discussing the creation of the theme song with director Li Yu, he once again thought of inviting Fan Xiaoxuan to help out. As for Han Han’s help process, the crew said it would not be disclosed for the time being.

Next page More wonderful pictures

Special Topic: June 26 International Day Against Drugs

International movie star Jackie Chan today became China’s anti-drug propaganda image ambassador, talking about the star’s drug-related heart is very painful

　　On June 26, the International Anti-Drug Day, the National Narcotics Control Commission held a ceremony to hire international movie star Jackie Chan as China’s anti-drug propaganda ambassador.

　　Yang Fengrui, executive deputy director of the Office of the National Narcotics Control Commission and director of the Narcotics Control Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, presented Jackie Chan with a letter of appointment and wore a ribbon. He hoped that Jackie Chan would actively exert his strong influence as a social celebrity, continue to care for and support the cause of drug control, and guide the public, especially young people, to resist drug abuse. International movie star Jackie Chan said that he would do his best to make more contributions to anti-drug publicity and education.

　　Jackie Chan became an ambassador for China’s anti-drug propaganda image. For the first time, he appeared in Studio 12 of CCTV’s Social and Law Channel. In a special program on the June 26 International Anti-Drug Day covered by the rule of law in China, he revealed his heart. The following is the program transcript:

　　Jackie Chan, China’s anti-drug propaganda ambassador: They are also patients

　　Host: Jackie Chan came to our studio today because he just received an appointment letter from China’s anti-drug propaganda ambassador in the morning. This appointment letter should be said to be quite precious. I think you have many ambassadorial titles. What is the difference between this ambassador and others?

　　Jackie Chan, China’s anti-drug propaganda ambassador: Although I have a lot of ambassadors on my back, in fact, you don’t give me any ambassadorship, and I do the same job. Now give me this title to see you alone, I can’t do things, I really can’t do things, I rely on some officials below, some police officers, and the public to do it together, to report drug traffickers and help those who take drugs, because they are also patients.

　　Three years after the start of the People’s War on Drugs, the proportion of young people infected with drugs has been greatly reduced

　　Host: Well said, patient, this is a change in perspective and concept for the overall social cognition. Director Yang Fengrui, you awarded the letter of appointment this morning. Why did you choose Jackie Chan as the anti-drug image publicity ambassador?

　　Yang Fengrui, executive deputy director of the National Drug Control Commission and director of the Narcotics Control Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security: Now the drug problem is relatively harmful, and the country is deploying the whole country to launch a war on drugs, which requires the extensive participation of the whole society. So it is very necessary for public figures and some celebrities to come out to participate in the public welfare cause of drug control and offer a love, so our National Drug Control Commission has specially selected some celebrities to be image ambassadors for drug control publicity

　　Host: Just now I noticed that Bureau Yang mentioned a term called people’s war, which can be said to be a very strict and demanding attitude of the Chinese government towards drug control. Do you have any specific goals and arrangements for the next step to continue to deepen this people’s war?

　　Yang Fengrui, Executive Deputy Director of the National Drug Control Commission and Director of the Narcotics Control Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security: The people’s war on drugs has been going on for three years. In 2004, General Secretary Hu Jintao instructed that we should attach great importance to the harm of drugs and organize a people’s war on drug control and AIDS prevention to solve the drug problem. In this way, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have made arrangements to launch a people’s war on drugs across the country. After three years of efforts, we have achieved remarkable results in terms of prevention and education, drug rehabilitation, combating drug crimes, management of drug-producing substances, and international drug control cooperation. Now we are facing the drug problem, which is still not optimistic. There are five aspects that are relatively prominent. First, the problem of overseas drug inflow is still a very prominent problem. Second, the problem of making and selling methamphetamine and ecstasy pills in some areas of China Third, it is difficult to consolidate the withdrawal of traditional drugs from heroin. Fourth, the spread and development of new drugs has brought us some new problems. Fifth, chemicals, the rationing of raw materials for drug production, are still very prominent in the illegal flow.

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