Have you ever seen a "magic medicine" in your parents’ circle?

An eye drop that claims to "delay myopia"

Some people buy it and some people go to online hospital to buy it.

There are even people who make it themselves.

Low concentration of atropine (0.01% atropine sulfate)

Is it an IQ tax or does it work wonders?

1. What is atropine?

Atropine is a classic old medicine. As an anticholinergic drug, it has a variety of pharmacological effects, which can help detoxify and relieve gastrointestinal spasm when pesticide poisoning occurs. Its clinical application in ophthalmology mainly includesAt present, the mydriasis of paralytic ciliary muscles is mostly used in optometry for children and adolescents.Slow mydriatic agentUse.

The earliest research on the prevention of myopia by atropine was conducted in Singapore. The research confirmed that low concentration of atropine (0.01% atropine sulfate) can inhibit the axial growth caused by myopia and delay the rapid progress of myopia.　

2. How hot is atropine?

Strabismus and pediatric ophthalmology in Xiamen Eye CenterXie RenyiThe deputy director said that every time he went to the outpatient clinic, at least three or five parents came to consult about the low-concentration atropine eye drops. There were many children who had used them for two or three years, mostly aged 7 to 9. An ophthalmologist in Xiamen has been using low-concentration atropine for her daughter for four months, and many "little glasses" among her classmates are using the same eye drops. According to foreign media reports, many parents all over the country went to Shanghai specially to prepare a low-concentration atropine eye drop for their children.

3、Atropine is not officially listed.

It should be noted that low concentration atropine eye drops have not been officially listed in mainland China.In fact, it is not easy to buy low concentration atropine eye drops. Many parents buy hospital preparations from China, Taiwan Province and Singapore, and some parents buy hospital preparations from individual hospitals in China through friends. These are not drugs that have been approved by the state for listing.

Deputy Director Xie Renyi introduced,A drug can only be listed as a new drug after the clinical verification stage is over and the expert review is passed.Although the current clinical evidence shows that low concentration of atropine eye drops has a certain effect on myopia prevention and control, domestic ophthalmologists have not yet reached a complete consensus on the long-term side effects and potential complications.

4. Can I use atropine?

Deputy Director Xie Renyi stressed: "This kind of eye drops is a kind of medicine, not suitable for everyone. It is most important for children to cultivate scientific eye habits and increase outdoor activities.This eye drop is an unlisted drug, so abuse is not recommended. "

5, blind abuse is not desirable

Xie Renyi, deputy director, said that many parents will buy atropine, and even some will make it themselves. not to mentionThere are also risks such as improper drug concentration, unstable ingredients and contamination of pathogens, which affect the comfort of eyes and cause damage, and may bring unexpected side effects.

In addition,People who are allergic to atropine are not suitable for use!For example, after use, symptoms such as blurred vision and photophobia may occur. Moreover, low concentration of atropine is not effective for all myopia patients, and the literature reports that there is a non-response rate of 10%-15%, that is, it does not work. In addition, some children will have allergic symptoms such as local itching and low fever.

Deputy Director Xie Renyi said that the prevention and control of myopia should be treated according to the actual situation of patients. Effective control is that myopia progresses within 50 degrees a year, and if it is above 75 degrees, other intervention methods or joint intervention can be considered. "Children who are using low concentrations of atropine must come to the hospital every three months." He said that this follow-up is to check the intraocular pressure, pupil, eye surface and eye adjustment function to ensure the health of medication.

if it isBlind use of glaucoma or other hidden diseases will aggravate the condition.. According to media reports, a 7-year-old child in Hangzhou is 100 degrees short-sighted. His father dripped low-concentration atropine every night, but when he went to check again, he found that the child’s intraocular pressure increased. The doctor said that if the intraocular pressure remained at a high level for a long time, it would damage the optic nerve.

In addition, Deputy Director Xie Renyi also reminded that although the concentration is low, it is stillSome children may have a rebound in myopia after stopping using this eye drop.For example, during the medication period, the original annual increase is controlled within 25 degrees. After stopping the drug, the degree may suddenly increase too fast in one year. If it exceeds 75 degrees in one year, you should consult a doctor immediately.

Scientific prevention and control of myopia

Want to play < combination boxing >

1. Pay attention to eye habits

1 Use less electronic products: Babies under 2 years old should not watch TV, computers, mobile phones, ipad and other electronic products. Babies over 2 years old should not use electronic products for more than 30 minutes every day.

② Follow the "20-20-20" eye protection rule when using eyes at close range.

Remember to keep "one punch, one foot and one inch" when writing and reading.

2. Do more outdoor sports.

Two hours of outdoor activities every day can effectively prevent myopia. Sunlight irradiation can stimulate the secretion of dopamine, which plays a positive role in preventing and controlling myopia.

3. Go to bed early and get enough sleep.

The results show that the later the time, the higher the incidence of myopia. It is best for children to go to bed at 8:30 in the evening and go to bed early to ensure adequate sleep time. Only after a good sleep can the muscles around the eyes (eyes) be completely relaxed, which is conducive to using the eyes the next day.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) gives the best sleep time for infants and adolescents:
4-12 months: 12-16 hours; 1-2 years old: 11-14 hours; 3-5 years old: 10-13 hours; 6-12 years old: 9-12 hours; 13-18: 8-10 hours.

4. Regular vision screening

6 months: A baby born normally should go to the hospital for refractive screening at about 6 months. About 3 years old: start teaching children to know the eye chart, and check their eyesight and diopter regularly every 6-12 months. 6-18 years old: It is recommended to check your eyesight every 6-12 months, and children with glasses should undergo mydriasis optometry every 12 months.

5. Orthokeratology mirror (OK mirror)

OK lens is a kind of hard and breathable contact lens with reverse geometric design. It only needs to be worn when sleeping at night to maintain clear vision during the day. Long-term wearing can delay the development of myopia.

Unconsciously

The Spring Festival holiday is coming to an end.

While everyone is enjoying the holiday life.

Don’t forget.

February 18th is a working day.

According to the general office of the State Council.

Notice on Some Holiday Arrangements in 2024

The Spring Festival is on holiday from February 10th to 17th.

A total of 8 days

February 18th (Sunday)

Going to work!

Friends who usually set the working day alarm clock.

Don’t forget to set the alarm clock.

In case of being late

Original title: "Important notice! Working hours have changed.

Read the original text

　　Cctv newsThe Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of cold wave on the morning of March 10th. Due to the influence of cold wave, it is estimated that the temperature in most areas of central and eastern China will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ from 10th to 12th, and the temperature in Inner Mongolia, North China, Huanghuai and eastern Jianghuai will drop by 12℃, partially exceeding 16℃. There are 4 ~ 6 winds and 7 ~ 9 gusts in the above areas, and 6 ~ 8 winds and 9~11 gusts in most offshore areas of China.

　　The live monitoring shows that the temperature in North China and Huanghuai has risen rapidly in the daytime recently. Yesterday, the highest temperature in Shahe, Hebei Province reached 32.1℃, ranking first in the national meteorological observatory. At the same time, Zhengzhou (30.8℃) and Shijiazhuang (30.3℃) are also the first northern capital cities to break through 30℃ this year.

　　Meteorologists reminded that before the arrival of the cold wave, the effect of "warming before the front" in the central and eastern regions was very obvious. Today, during the day, the temperature in some areas of Hebei, Shandong and Henan may still exceed the 30 C mark, but with the arrival of the weekend, the strong cooling will quickly cover most areas north of South China, especially the maximum temperature will drop sharply; The lowest temperature in this cold wave occurred on the morning of 13th, and the lowest temperature line of 0℃ will be located in the south of Shaanxi, the west of Henan, the south of Hebei and Tianjin, and the lowest temperature in the east of Shandong and the northeast of Jiangsu will also reach about 0℃. Please ask the public to add clothes in time and take good measures to prevent cold and keep warm.

　　In addition to strong winds and cooling, there will be dusty weather in the northwest and north China today and tomorrow. The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of sandstorms on the morning of the 10th. Today, from day to night, some areas in eastern and southern Xinjiang, western Gansu, most of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, north-central Shaanxi, Shanxi, north-central Hebei, Beijing and other places have sand or floating dust weather, and some areas in central Inner Mongolia have sandstorms.

　　In addition, there will be obvious snowfall and local blizzard in the northwest of Heilongjiang and northeast of Inner Mongolia; There is rainy weather in most parts of the south, and the cumulative rainfall in some parts of the south of the Yangtze River can exceed 50 mm. Please pay close attention to the weather forecast and early warning information released by the local meteorological department, and pay attention to prevent the adverse effects of slippery roads and icing caused by rain and snow on traffic.

　　BEIJING, April 24 (Xinhua) On the morning of the 24th, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council held a regular press conference. Spokesperson Ma Guang Xiao answered reporters’ questions on the recent 2020 election in Taiwan Province, Tsai Ing-Wen’s "Taiwan independence" remarks, cross-strait exchanges, and the draft amendment to the Regulations on People’s Relations across the Taiwan Strait. Ma Xiaoguang said that the mainland has never intervened in the elections in Taiwan Province, and the DPP authorities have constantly obstructed and restricted the exchanges and contacts between compatriots on both sides of the strait, suppressed the calls for reunification on both sides of the strait, and raised cross-strait opposition, exposing its true features of seeking one-party interests and "Taiwan independence".

　　Profile photo: Guo Taiming, chairman of Taiwan Province Hon Hai Group, decided to participate in the primary election of 2020. Zhongxin.com reporter Li Junshe

　　[Talking about the 2020 election: the statement of "mainland intervention" is sheer nonsense]

　　Tsai Ing-Wen said a few days ago that in the "general election" in 2020, Kuomintang candidates appeared in South Korea’s Yu and Guo Taiming successively. She did not believe that the mainland did not intervene. Ma Xiaoguang said that we have emphasized many times that we have never been involved in elections in Taiwan Province. The DPP authorities are used to spreading slanderous words and spreading rumors to discredit the mainland. The question of Taiwan Province is an internal affair of China, and no external interference is allowed. The so-called "mainland intervention" is sheer nonsense with ulterior motives.

　　[criticizing tsai ing-Wen’s "Taiwan independence" remarks: undermining the peaceful development of the two sides of the strait]

　　In an interview a few days ago, Tsai Ing-Wen declared that he did not accept the "1992 Consensus" and insisted on the so-called "sovereign independence", saying that "maintaining the status quo" means maintaining the so-called "independence" status quo. Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that the remarks made by the leader of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) authorities are unprejudiced, exposing a political plot to overthrow the common political foundation of the "1992 Consensus" and undermine the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, which fully shows that the DPP authorities are the makers of cross-strait conflicts, the saboteurs of peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the injurers of the interests of the people of Taiwan Province.

　　In addition, Li Yi, a mainland American scholar who was invited to visit Taiwan, was expelled from the country by the Taiwan authorities a few days ago. Tsai Ing-Wen said, "If people from mainland China come to Taiwan to promote &lsquo; One country, two systems &rsquo; 、&lsquo; Unification by force &rsquo; Wait, control measures should be taken to refuse entry when necessary. " Ma Xiaoguang said that for some time, the DPP authorities have constantly obstructed and restricted the exchanges and contacts between compatriots on both sides of the strait, suppressed calls for reunification on both sides of the strait, raised cross-strait opposition, and exposed its true features of seeking one-party interests and "Taiwan independence".

　　On April 14th, local time, South Korea Yu, Mayor of Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province, delivered a speech in Los Angeles, talking about his political career. China News Service reporter Zhang Yushe

　　[Comment on South Korea’s remarks on Yu’s visit to the United States: Cross-strait affairs should be discussed by family members]

　　South Korea Yu said during his visit to the United States a few days ago, "Taiwan Province &lsquo; National defense &rsquo; Relying on the United States, technology depends on Japan, and the market depends on the mainland. " In this regard, Ma Guang Xiao emphasized that compatriots on both sides of the strait are a family, and cross-strait affairs are the family affairs of compatriots on both sides of the strait, which should be handled by family members through consultation. I hope all Chinese people, including Taiwan Province compatriots, will conform to the historical trend, share the national justice, firmly hold the national destiny in their own hands, and create a bright future for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　[On the Draft Amendment to the Regulations on Cross-Strait People’s Relations: Ruining the Future of Taiwan Province]

　　The "Draft Amendment to the Regulations on People’s Relations between the Two Sides of the Taiwan Strait" recently passed by Taiwan’s administrative authorities, in which it is proposed to add that "the signing of political agreements through cross-strait negotiations should be subject to double deliberation and referendum by the legislature" and stipulate that "it shall not be an item of agreement". Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that the DPP authorities violated the common aspiration of compatriots on both sides of the strait for peace and development for the sake of one party and one self-interest. The peaceful development of cross-strait relations is the common aspiration and common interest of compatriots on both sides of the strait. Everything that is beneficial to the interests of compatriots on both sides of the strait and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation should be vigorously promoted.

　　On April 17th, Chief Executive Chui Sai On (right) of the Macao Special Administrative Region met with James Soong, Chairman of the People First Party, at the government headquarters. The two sides exchanged views on deepening exchanges and cooperation between the two places and promoting Taiwan Province compatriots to participate in the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the future. China News Agency issued Zhong Xin photo

　　[The Taiwan authorities distorted James Soong’s delegation’s visit to Hong Kong and Macao: obstructing exchanges and cooperation]

　　A few days ago, James Soong, Chairman of the People First Party, led a delegation to visit Hong Kong and Macao to enter the Liaison Office of the two places and met with the directors of the Liaison Office of the two places respectively. The Mainland Affairs Council claimed that the mainland arranged this trip with the intention of "united front" and eliminating the so-called "sovereignty of Taiwan Province". Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that James Soong led a delegation to visit Hong Kong and Macao, and the heads of the Liaison Offices in Hong Kong and Macao met with him respectively, which was a normal exchange. The DPP authorities distorted and slandered, fully exposing their attempts to obstruct cross-strait and Hong Kong and Macao exchanges and cooperation and harm the interests and well-being of compatriots.

　　On September 13, 2018, Luo Tianhao, a Taiwan compatriot who worked in chengdu normal university for five years, took over the residence permit of Taiwan Province residents from the staff. China News Service reporter An Yuan photo

　　[Taiwan people’s residence permit in the mainland has not been declared or the practice of being punished by the Taiwan authorities is unpopular]

　　A few days ago, the Taiwan Province Affairs Council worked out to issue an administrative order in the second half of the year, stipulating that people who receive mainland residence permits must declare voluntarily, or they will be punished. Ma Xiaoguang said that the mainland issued residence permits to Taiwan Province compatriots in order to meet the needs of Taiwan Province compatriots, which was a good thing to benefit Taiwan and the people, and was also welcomed by the vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots. The DPP authorities, out of one-party selfishness, are everywhere against the interests of our compatriots in Taiwan Province and sabotage the good deeds of our compatriots in Taiwan Province. This is unpopular and will not succeed.

　　[The mayor of Taixian County came to the mainland to communicate and meet the needs of the people]

　　Recently, many county mayors in Taiwan Province visited the mainland for exchanges. Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that the mayor of Taiwan county came to the mainland to meet the needs of the people. We are willing to continue exchanges and cooperation with Taiwanese counties and cities in various fields on the basis of adhering to the "1992 Consensus" to enhance the well-being of Taiwan Province compatriots.

　　[Encourage Taiwanese enterprises to invest in the mainland without discrimination]

　　Want Want Group, a Taiwan-funded enterprise, has issued a statement to refute the report that it has received high government subsidies in the mainland and tried to "smear and discredit" the enterprise. Ma Xiaoguang said, over the years, we have encouraged and supported Taiwan-funded enterprises to invest and start businesses in the mainland, and taken active measures to provide them with various conveniences and equal treatment, so as to share the opportunities for development in the mainland and help them achieve greater and better development in the mainland. Our policy is inclusive, in accordance with laws and regulations, and all Taiwan Province enterprises are treated equally.

　　The 2019 China Beijing World Horticultural Exposition will be held in Yanqing, Beijing from April 29th to October 7th. China News Service reporter Hou Yushe

　　[Introduction to two activities: the Straits Forum is well prepared, and the Taiwan Province Garden of the World Expo has its own characteristics]

　　When introducing the situation of the Straits Forum in 2019, Ma Xiaoguang said that the 11th Straits Forum will be held in Fujian Province on June 15th, and will continue to focus on and serve grassroots people and youth groups. At present, all preparations are progressing smoothly. Taiwan Province compatriots are welcome to actively participate in this forum, and media friends on both sides of the strait are also welcome to report.

　　Regarding the 2019 China Beijing World Horticultural Exposition to be held in Yanqing District, Beijing on April 29th, Ma Xiaoguang said that at the invitation of the Beijing World Horticultural Exposition Bureau, Taiwan Province Garden covers an area of 2,000 square meters, which is divided into six landscape nodes: Xiangshan, Orchid, Time Road, Sun Moon Lake, farmland and mountain top. The garden is very attractive with Taiwan Province characteristics.

We all know that China has a history of 5,000 years, but it is estimated that few people know which dynasties, founders and years have existed in these 5,000 years.

Xia Shang, Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou were divided into two halves; Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period unified Qin and Han Dynasties; Three-point Wei Shuwu, extended before and after the Jin Dynasty; The Northern and Southern Dynasties stood side by side, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties passed;

After the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dynasty ended.

We should all recite this historical dynasty song, but it is a main framework and not comprehensive. Let’s take a look at the specific content together.

1. Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty was founded by Yu, formed by his son Xia Qi, survived for 470 years by seventeen emperors, and finally died in Xia Jie.

2. Shang Dynasty

Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty in about 1600 BC, and died in Shang Zhouwang in about 1046 BC, surviving for 554 years.

3. Western Zhou Dynasty

Zhou Wuwang Ji Fa was founded in about 1046 BC and died in 771 BC, totaling 275 years.

4. Eastern Zhou Dynasty

Ji Yijiu, Zhou Pingwang, was founded in 770 BC and died in 221 BC, surviving for 514 years, including the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

5. Qin Dynasty

Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, unified the six countries and established the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC. He died in Hu Hai, Qin Ershi in 207 BC and lived for 15 years.

6. Western Chu Dynasty

The overlord Xiang Yu was founded in 207 BC, which nominally unified most of the territory in the late Qin Dynasty and lived together for four years.

7. Western Han Dynasty

Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, defeated Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, and established the Western Han Dynasty in 202 BC. In 8 AD, he was usurped by his consort Wang Mang and survived for 210 years.

8. Wang Mang’s new dynasty

Wang Mang, the consort of the Western Han Dynasty, was founded in 8 AD and was overthrown by greenwood hero in 23 AD, with a total of 1 emperor and survived for 16 years.

9. Xuan Han

In 23 AD, Liu Xuan proclaimed himself emperor and restored the Han Dynasty, nominally restoring the rule of the Han Dynasty and recovering most of the territory in the late Western Han Dynasty. Xuanhan belonged to make a new start regime and only existed for two years.

10. Eastern Han Dynasty

Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, was founded in 25 AD and died in 220 AD, surviving for 195 years.

11. Three Kingdoms Period

Wei, Shu and Wu were the three kingdoms, represented by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan, for a total of 60 years.

12. Western Jin Dynasty

Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, established the Western Jin Dynasty in 265 AD, which ended the tripartite confrontation between the three countries and realized the unification of the country. A total of four emperors lived for 51 years.

13. Eastern Jin Dynasty

Si Marui, Emperor of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, was founded in 317 AD and died in 420 AD, surviving for 103 years.

14. Sixteen Kingdoms Period

Sixteen countries are not one of the most chaotic periods in our history. For a total of 135 years, the sixteen countries were: Qianliang, Chenghan, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Beiliang, Xiliang, Houliang, Nanliang, Qianyan, Houyan, Southern Yan, Beiyan, Xia, Qianqin, Xiqin and Houqin.

15. Southern Dynasties

From 420 AD to 589 AD, the Southern Dynasties lasted for 169 years. There were four dynasties: Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty.

16. Northern Dynasties

From 439 to 581 AD, there were five dynasties, namely Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou, which survived for 142 years.

17. Sui Dynasty

Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, ended the division of the country and achieved reunification. The Sui Dynasty was established in 581 AD, with two emperors. Emperor Yangdi Yang Guang died in 618 AD.

18. Tang Dynasty

In 618 AD, Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor and founded the Tang Dynasty, and he lived for 289 years.

19. Wu Zhou

Wu Zhou was a dynasty established by Wu Zetian and the only feminist dynasty in China. It existed from 690 to 705 A.D. for 15 years, with only one emperor.

20, Five Dynasties

From 907 to 960, there were three dynasties, namely, Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and HouFriday, which survived for 53 years.

21. Ten countries

The ten countries are: Qianshu, Yangwu, wuyue, Machu, Min, Nanhan, Nanping, Houshu, Nantang, Beihan, etc., with a total survival of 88 years.

22. Northern Song Dynasty

Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu established the Song Dynasty and reunified the country. It survived for 167 years and died in 1127.

23. Southern Song Dynasty

The founder, Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong, existed from 1127 to 1279, with a total of 152 years.

24. Liao Dynasty

The founder, Yelu Abaoji, lived for 218 years from 907 to 1125.

25. Xixia

Li Yuanhao, the Emperor Jingzong of Xia Dynasty, was founded in 1038, experienced 189 years and died in 1227.

26, rulers

Akuta was founded in 1115-1234, with a total of 119 years.

27. Yuan Dynasty

The founder, Kublai Khan of Yuan Taizu, lived for 97 years from 1271 to 1368.

28. Ming Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was a real self-made emperor in the history of China. The Ming Dynasty existed for 276 years, was founded in 1368 and was destroyed in 1644.

29. Qing Dynasty

The founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Nurhachi. According to historical records, the real Qing Dynasty should be counted from the entry of Huang Taiji, and the former was called the later Jin Dynasty. From 1636 to 1912, it existed for 276 years and was the last feudal dynasty in China.